196011 desert magazine 1960 november

8/14/2019 196011 Desert Magazine 1960 November

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Magazine o f t h eO U T D O O R S


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P u b l i s h e r ' sN o t e sThe first special exhibit of DesertMagazine's Art Gallery for the1960-61 season gets underway thismon th. Starting Novem ber 5 andrunning through the 30th, the gal-lery will feature authentic Indiansand designs by David Villasenor,who recently put on a very success-ful one-man show at the Los Ange-les Exposition Park Museum.At the same time Desert Maga-zine is proud to present dozens ofthe original paintings of three ofAmerica's most talented Navajoartists: Beatien Yazz, HarrisonBegay and Frank Vigil. This spe-cial exhibit represents the largestselection of Yazz and Begay paint-ings now available for public sale.* * *The Desert Magazine Galleryand Craft Shop (the latter featur-ing Navajo rugs) is now open tothe public without charge, sevendays a week, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.* * *Desert tan is the color of ourChristmas Gift Subscription Cou-pon, which we unashamedly inviteyou to use to the fullest. It is alsothe color of the ink in our newly-redecorated classified section, "TheTrading Post." Again this monthwe run the book catalog for thosewho would buy books as Christmasgifts. * * *

Our back cover, a four-color re-production of a Bill Bender paint-ing, is available as a quality reprint,with details for ordering the reprintcarried on the back cover.The heavy request for copies ofthe Clyde Forsythe "Gold Strike"series has encouraged Desert Mag-

Volume ^ ^ ^ ^ m23

- m a g a z i n e of the O u t d o o r CHARLES E. SHELTONpublisher

E U G E N E L . C O N R O T T Oeditor E V O Ncircul

Conten t s fo r NovemberCover Nal-Nishi, Navajo si lverworkerPhoto graph by Cha rles W. Ha description of the jewelry see page 16.

LandscapingReminiscencePersonality

Native CraftsNative Craf tsmanNovember Travel

NatureNovember Travel

Gems-MineralsNovember Travel

Desert ArtistBack Cover

Poem of

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th e

Moving a Saguaro CactusProspecting the DesertSonora's Railroad HeroSouthwest Indian SilverworkThe Silversmith's BackgroundKingman Cut-OffDeer on the DesertDeath Val ley EncampmentWiley Wel l GlenNorth of GerlachBill BenderDeser t Wash

also Month: 2 22: New Des

Letters from our Re ade rs: 4 23: Chris tmHard Rock Shorty: 18

Trading Post Classifieds: 1931: Contes t 38: Editorial

The Desert Magazine, founded in 1937 by Randall Henby Desert Magazin e, Inc., Palm Desert, Ca liforn ia. ma tter July 17, 1948, at the postoffice at Palm Deseof March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U.S.


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SOLIDFOOTING!

Sure as a Mountain Goat!Dependable as a Desert Burro!

The new JAWA cycles are theanswer to travel problems of everyoutdoor sportsman.Now The world's largest manufac-turer of two-wheeled vehicles offers theamazing 250cc SCRAMBLER thefines t trail rider in the world. Thiscycle has the quality, dependability,economy, and comfort that has giventhe JAWA top position over othermotor cycles for half a century.

Test drive the SCRAMBLER. Youwill first be impressed by the solidsteady purr of its magnificent two-stroke engine. You will be astonishedat its technical perfection, [hen drivethis beautiful motorbike across thecountry. Here again are real surprises.For here is a vehicle with power re-serve for steep climbs yet speedaplenty for Ihe road. The reason :Jawa's new special gearingreal goingpower at low speeds. Then, as youdrive through sand or the roughesttrails, SCRAMBLER'S big road-hun-gry wheels with their sturdy knobbytread tires and SCRAMBLER'S high 9-inch road clearance give you com-

L E T T E RFROM OUR READOn the Warpath . . .To the Editor: Boy, how my blood boiledwhen I read the letter from Will T. Scottin last month's magazine! If the only typeof Indians he knows are as described, I feelsorry for him. That kind are to be foundin all races.

My husband and I made some very goodfriends at Jemez Pueblo, Santo Domingo,Acoma and also a Navajo family. Wehave stayed in their homes. They are avery sincere people, and their children arewell-behaved. MARGARET DRENKArcadia, Calif.

IndiansContinued . . .To the Editor: It is unfortunate that readerWill Scott doesn't appreciate your articleson the First Americans . As for me, themore Indian articles in the magazine, thebetter. I also like your selections on ghosttowns (Nell Murbarger can't be beat inthis category), and on desert flora andfauna (Dr. Jaeger is one of my favorites).

JOHN R. RAINWATERAlbuquerque

Technicolor Trademark . . .To the Editor: In the October 1960 issueof your excellent magazine, the SouthwestNews Briefs column carried an item aboutpeyote. A statement was made that peyoteproduces hallucinations in "technicolor."

The name Technicolor is a registeredtrademark and should only be applied tothe goods and services of a Technicolorcompany.From what I have read about the vividcolor visions produced by peyote, I'm surethat the association of our trademark with"hallucinations" was not intended in a de-rogatory sense. Your cooperation in avoid-ing such usage, however, will help us toprevent loss of trademark rights.To add a personal note, I particularlyenjoy the articles Desert has had about

in Los Anlabel of His paithat strikeslike myselspent couning and loTowerining rains ahinted at ining whiff oof wind anfantasticallsee the deAlthough"Gold Strideep respoonce very forsaken itnever to fomilion hillthings that

Better anTo the Edvery busy an excellenmonth.

D A I

C3-poun"Four ing Baother the L"Our Cake.


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WhatG O E S

O nHere?A giant saguaro cactusdons a mattress"coat o f armor" fo r pro-tection on thelong ride to a new home

The saguaro cactus pictured onthis page is about to be trans-planted from a lonely spot on theArizona desert, where it took rootan estimated 250 to 350 year s ag o,to a place of honor in the frontyard of a home in the foothills ofthe Ccrtalina Mountains near Tuc-son.Moving a 38 - foot succulen tweighing 12 tons is no wheelbar-row-and-spade job. The trick was

to get the cactus to its new homein one pieceand unbruised. Thiswas accomplished by first secur-ing the Sage-of-the-Desert's can-dalabralike arms so they wouldnot snap off, and then transport-ing the bulky mass in an uprightposition. Of course it w as a job


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T r a n s p l a n t i n g a G i a n t S a g u a r o C a c tu s -c o n t in u e d from< l The final digging around the roots waafter the crane cables were attached to

i, ,

The saguaro is gently eased out r\of the ground by the giant crane V


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By HARRISON DOYLEDoyle will be remem-bered by DesertMaga zine readers for histhree-part feature article,"Boy's Eye View of theWild W est," in which hedescribed his youth inRandsburg and Needles.This trilogy was a medal-lion winner at the 1960California State Fa ir, andthe photograph at the leftshows Doyle, right, re-ceiving the award fromGovernor Edmund G.Brown. The feature be-low "The Lilac Dis-tance" resumes Doy le'sreminiscences where the"Boy's Eye View" seriesleft off. '

A N ICE-BLUE ARROW shot out of the black sky intoa low butte at our right. The horses and burros reared.Dad counted to four as the beginning roll of thunderreached us."Jum p down! Tie the horses up short to the tongue!Quickly! It's coming our way!" he commanded.I jum ped , to do his bidding. He slid out of the seat,pulled the tent's ridge-pole out the back-end of the wagon,and pushed it through the spokes of the rear wheels. We

had barely stretched out in a nearby gully when the blind-ing, ear-splitting flash and crash came simultaneously, itsthundering echoes reverberating from the nearby hills.The horses reared and shied, then reared again, drag-ging the wagon a short distance . The y stood shaking withfear as the sheets of water came pouring out of the awe-some blackness which had descended upon us.The next flash came to our left, a quarter of a mileaway. In this brilliant flash the world abo ut us glistenedas though the rocks and shrubs a mile in all directions had

been silver-plated. The burros were shaking water outof their ears.Thus , the Turtle Mountains on California's easternMojave Desert introduced themselves to two bedraggled

prospectors as we reached theafternoon in 1907.We had outfitted two daysNeedles for the long-planned t

we intended to camp while weTurtles .The sprawling Mojave Desor paved roads, power trantranscontinental natural gas liRoads were simple, meanderingand there by line of least revarnished rocks on the mesasof the myriad of washes. The rparalleling the Santa Fe RailroaWe were using the same tyear before at the Induna MFleabit Nellie. Behind the oldtwo burros, Jack and Jen.The wagon carried hay ansupplement the bunch grass anin their foraging. The wagonbelongings, and a full camping a 10x10-foot oiled canvas tenttarp to cover the load. The recouple of rolls of fuse, and awrapped carefully so they woulalong a pretty fair outfit with wof us wore high rawhide-lacedInto the sturdy wagon we water; staples such as flour, scoffee, eggs, potatoes and onmeats and vegetables, and condFor my own use there was a

beans. Our medicine box cotin of carbolated salve, and a bbedroll I had a couple of thenovels, and a copy of the Coua chance to read presented it


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magazines, one containing Ambrose Bierce's "A Happen-ing at Owl Creek Bridge."We figured to be completely self-sustaining for at leasta month. In those days when you were 50 miles out in

the desert, you were in real trouble if you broke a wheel,of if the road was washed out behind you. You could n'ttune in on the 10 o'clock news, or hop into an air-con-ditioned car and run back into town to pick up that sackof flour you had forgotten . A nd if you go t lost there w ereno helicopters to search for you.It had only been a few years since the last reporteddeath of a prospector at the hands of renegade Indianslike Ahvote who, while on the prowl for horses, grub, guns

and blank ets, had killed 10 men inwe each had six-shooters, althougexcept when we thought we mighmountain lion. In addition to thhad a 30-40, 1895 "box magazcarried a terrific wallop, and I hadgun, and a .22 Winchester repeatFor beds we carried two light sfind rocks to put under the cornground . For mattresses we gatherover which we spread quilts.We knew that about a dozenrecently caught Gold Fever were ah

a youngdesert prospectorsees

TheLilac


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in the wide valley floor on which quartz outcrops showedhere and there. Many of the men were sure that becausethere were several "little black buttes" on both sides ofthe mountains, and the fact that Peg Leg Smith's mainstamping grounds had been with the Mohave Indiansaround the Needles area, they would turn-up the LostPeg Leg Mine. Dad scoffed at the idea. We had gonestraight through the new Sunrise Mining District to theTurtles. Dad knew that any number of old-timers hadcombed the back country around Needles for gold andsilver since the Civil W ar. He was interested in the eco -nomic minerals the old-timers knew little about, such astungsten.

I CAUGHT THE fragrance of the greasewood in therain. Dad was pleased. He took a deep breath of theclear desert air."We needn't worry about Carson's Well being dry,"he observed. I had been thinking about that too. It hadbeen a dry summer, and if Carson's had no water it wouldmean a quick turn-around for home.The Well turned out to be a little wash where a naturalrock barrier had forced the water to the surface. Seepagestill moved from the recent rain. A "Devil's darningneedle" lazed about the tiny pool, along with some beesand a couple of "skater" flies.We set up our equipment in an old abandoned cabin.Even without doors and windows, it was paradise com-pared to the hot tent. The re was no evidence that anyonehad been in the camp for years. Dad tho ught the nearbyVan Slyke Mine had last been worked about 1900. I foundsome pretty chrysocolla, and a six-inch crystal of dog-toothspar near the cabin. I had a place for both in my mineralcollection.That night we hobbled the animals. With plenty ofwater in the spring we were sure that our "hayburningwagon power" wouldn't take a notion to go home andleave us stranded . The hobbles were ingenious affairsmade of wide leather straps, with short chains between.The animals didn't seem to mind them in the least.It was my job to go out and round-up the animalsin the mornings. Dad did the cooking. On my way Icheck ed the spring for signs of wild anim als. Ye ars beforesomeone had nailed a pair of curled sheep horns to thecabin wall, and we had visions of fresh mutton stew thatwould go good with frying-pan bread .On one morning near the spring there was a set of the

for veins. We were particularlquartz, especially in the rustThe honeycomb-like bugholeslike little molds left when the (leached o ut ). These were thsuch as iron, lead or copper,present in the rocks. These square, were nearly always frangular, from copper.

When plodding up-grade athe float findings, we began sides of the hills bordering ththe float. Dad would go up onother. W hen we found a legenerally drilled about a 12 inwe took samples of the freshtimes staked a 600 x 1500-foof the ledge, the location noPrince Albert or Velvet tobaccwe ran out of tobacco cans wgreasewood leaves and coveredoil content of the leaves graduand it would stay in good coUp at dawn, we followed

day, excep t that we went out inmornings, to vary the routinefilled with bacon and beans inbeen allowed to burn down. Afrijoles would be thoroughly cthe oven was opened two hubanquet quite sumptuous.I early learned to live witcool of the early morning, weheat began to "bear down,"

in the forenoon, we had lunchand labeling rock samples, oshadiest spot we could find unaround three in the afternoonreturned.Each evening Dad would rhaul of float or ledge samplesmagnifying glass for identifyinbedded in the rocks. He wouldhydrochloric acid on the one u

mine whether or not it waslittle shiny yellow spots werespecks of iron pyrite. If the he would rub his knife blade oif it would quickly coppe r-platstreak and hardness tests, anpurple-of-Cassius tests for go


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at each end, shaped like two squat four-sided pyramidsjoined together at their bases. I was sure I had found awho pper of a diamond . I ran all the way back to thecabin to show it to Dad.H e whistled when he saw it. He had a way of ribbingme about my valuable finds, and especially about the littlered mineralogy book that was my constant companion.He held the crystal to the light."Octahedral!" he said, his gray-blue eyes twinkling."It 's certainly the right shap e!" He open ed his pocketknife and made a deep, white scratch on one of the crystalfaces."Hm-ma soft diamond!" he commented.Th at's the way it went. He w as always taking thewind out of my sails. Th at little red mineralogy bookconstan tly got me into trou ble. In it were long lists ofmineralswhite, green, brown and black; hard, soft, waxy,satiny, conchoidal . . . I t was like reading the labels onpatent medicine bottles, trying to determine what symptomsthe stuff was good for. W ith the help of that little boo kI could make the "symptoms"in this case the many-colored rocks I foundfit into any category.

However, I soon learned muchto heft them , discard ing the light in that ores came in "mineralized zonthese zones could be seen in the calihillsides. So we by-passed the drstones and limestones, unless the with granite, or one of the other "

The time we spent in the Turof the most warmly remembered amy life. W hile the days were hot, were straight out of Chek ov. Wh enever-to-be-forgotten experience to in the dusk of eventide.Or, a short time later, watch

moon rise over a deep black jaggein the eerie quiet, sweep the desertedged broom.I always speculate now, when prospecting the Mojave in a jeep, take much of the optimism out of transport themselves back in time timers who had so painstakingly the ground before them.Although their methods of tranthe old-timers left little to be discothe desert. Many early-day prospecuranium ores by means of camera closets. I know D ad did, for he hgold-leaf electroscope at home withhe thought might contain pitchblend

I N OCTOBER OF 1907 came anforward to for yearsthe Bouthe Arizona side of the Coloradois a well-known landmark used sindatum point for survey maps.This was a walking trip, on whthree burros. One of the animals lyzed man named "Lefty" Jones, left-side of his mo uth. Jonsey claisuffered his stroke, he had discov

gold outcrop in the valley beyonOn the other burros we carriedgroceries and cooking equipm ent. which I soon learned to hollow-outnights were on the cool side, and time we were out, sure that beforecrawl in with me to get warm.


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MUCKERS LOADING PAYDIRT AT THEFREE GOLD MININGCOMPANY'S OPERATION ON THECOLORADO RIVER. HIS-TORIC PHOTO IS FROM THE C. C. PIERCE COLLECTION.

kept repeating. "It's just a little ways up a small arroyoto the right of a little brown butte."In the 20 to 30 square miles we tramped over, leadingJonesy and his burro, there were at least a dozen placesto fit the description he gave us. Low-grade gold ores werepresent in several spots, but it was too poor to be of anyeconomic value, and much of the country was alreadystaked.After two frustrating weeks, Dad could stand no more

of it and we took the crippled man home. Jonesy livedseveral years after that trip, protesting to the last that "Ifwe'd stayed just one more day, I'd have found it!"And surely enough, a few years later, exactly whereJones had circled around for days, there burgeoned thefabulous Oatman-Goldroads District, where deep mineswhich took out millions became commonplace.Almost 40 years were to pass before I saw the sameregion again. Returning from a trip east by automobilein the late '40s, I came home by way of Oatman. Manyof the mines andmills had been on the downgrade for years.I stayed a few minutes for a sandwich and cup ofcoffee at a hotel on the main street, where I could sit beforea window and glimpse the idle Tom Reed Mill, situatedright where Dad, Jonesy and I had camped so many yearsbefore. The hills and horizon were still as familiar asthough the 40 years had clicked off in so many days.

I M A D E ONE LA S T and paDad south of Needles up whbeck Pass, past where we npumping installation, and on toWell.The wagon by now was gettburners" and harness both sortcouple of days longer reaching anticipated, and neither of uswe were unprepared for the hcontained. Even though we hadheat since noon, the water wasachs revolted. There was nothinway down to the Colorado. Icould drink the muddy river w

We drove as far as we coubut were forced to unhitch atthe last mile. But they had othsmelled the water they becamego ahead. We found them a hto their knees. They had satiswere tractable again.I could feel the mud go doso dry I didn' t care. It didn't seas chipper as ever the next day.We followed a well-worn bthe red volcanic Copper Basinof small mines were working, owhom we knew. There was almine where we stayed long eninches of river mud out of ourEubanks told us that the

had been used by the Indians,remember, as a "strong laxative."Too big a dose of it could its medicinal qualities come fsenic." He also told us that thein the Chemehuevis Wash nearwater could be found within (There is a good well there We also learned from Eub

good gold prospecting country btains, and that it was about asas any. Three days later we tof willow trees up river fromroad bridge, and walked thepicked up the supplies we neeNeedles.


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SONORA'SRAILROADHERO

NACOZARI YOUNGSTERS PLAY A GAME OF STICKBALLIN THE SHADOW OF JESUS GARCIA'S MONUMENT

By RICHARD BARNESof H ermosillo, Sonora

O N A FOUR-WHEEL-dr ive t r ipthrough the back country ofSonora I stopped overnight inNacozari de Garcia, a pleasant littlemining town in the Moctezuma Rivervalley, to treat myself to a shower, acivilized meal, and a bed with cleansheets.Walking out in the cooling lateafternoon I paused to watch a stick-

ball game being played in the littleplaza near the railroad station. Thescene was dominated by a tall monu-ment that proved, on examination, tobe a hero's grave. A stone slab on theground in front of the monument cov-ers the remains of Jesus Garcia. A

hillside that a part of the town is builton, and inquired my way to the smallneat house of Don Ramon Ortiz.Yes, he remembered Jesus Garcia.They used to call him Guero (a nick-name for anybody whose hair is notquite black)."Did you ever take a picture ofhim?" his wife asked."No, I didn't have a camera then."Jesus Garcia worked as an engineeron the narrow - gauge railway thathauled supplies up to the mines atPilares, and brought down the ore inopen gondolas. The trains were drawnby little wood - burnin g locom otives

would get onlittle burros loengineers hadhit them, bustopped. Oncing down the after everyoneand saved theengine.

At about tNovember 7,shattered by coming out ofstanding in thatop these ca(for the workstored within mite. And nmagazine, widynamite andHercules powfornia.Panic spreaSome people

ran out intoscreaming throf the bravethe fire, but iwere already the Cases of Then JesusJose Romero,the locomotiving cars , andwas up hill away very slohad to jump in the track,into the doomstoked the fino more fueWhen theJesus Garcia

His last worgoing to runSix kilomenamite explobits. The ba giant earthried out to


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S O U T H W E SINDIANSILVERWBY L

JEWELRY handmade by of the few remaining native art Those who are familiar with ththem highly; yet the average A merican of what to buy. Travelers are attractebut many people end up in the so-caadvertised by billboards along the maone piece of genuine work is carrie dcounted cars from 11 different states pestablishment.

There are three types of Indian silvNavajo, Zuni and Hopi. The San Santo Domingo) did a somewhat diffeno t succeed in establishing a definite the oldestalmo st a century old nowwork a few years after the Navajos, Hopi who developed their silver indIt does not follow that a member exclusively to his people's traditional Phoenix trader, told me that the silchannel-work (stones inlaid in silver)"sub contractor s." Dem and for Hop igreat the 20-plus Hopi smiths often


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horses, the Spaniards wanted slaves)it is likely that a great deal of silverornamentation became the property ofNavajos through the natural course ofevents. But, silverworking is notlearned by owning a piece of jewelry.The Navajos say it takes six years tomake a good smith. Consequ ently,despite the Indians' admiration for thewhitemen's trinkets, there was no wayfor them to learn how to make silverpieces themselves.

When the United States took overthe Southwest, relations between Nav-ajos and whites remained strained. KitCarson brought the Indians to bay,and forced them on the humiliatingLon g M arch . It is imposs ible, ofcourse, to set an exact date for thebeginning of the Navajo silver craft,but it is directly related to their sur-render to Carson in 1863. A CaptainHenry L. Dodge brought a Mexicansilversmith to Ft. Defiance, and AtsidiSani, the first Navajo smith, probablylearned his art by watching this Mex-ican work silver. By 1880 silverwork-ing was quite widespread among theNavajos.

While they learned from others or-iginally, the Navajos very quickly de-veloped an art-form that was and isdistinctly theirs. The Spanish pome-granate blossom became the Navajosquash blossom, and the dangle onthe horse's headstalls (to ward off theevil eye) became the naja, or moon-shaped pendant. The popular Navajosquash-blossom necklace resulted fromcombining the two. The round hair-plate of the Plains Indians, and theSpanish bridle conchas, have becomethe "conch belt."Fred Harvey, the hotel man, popu-

larized Navajo jewelry, and by the1920s the Navajos were producing forthe tourist trade. The silver becamethinner, and the stampings, as Navajosilversmith Chester Yellowhair (seestory following) says, became "hentracks in a chicken ya rd." The need

was formed, and it pioneered the moveback to the simplicity and purity ofthe old designs, while providing ameans of marketing the craftsmen'sgoods.Navajo silverwork is characterizedby an emphasis on the silver, withturquoise sometimes used merely toenhance the beauty of the metal. Thisis not to say the Navajos do not valueturquoise; strings of drilled turquoiseare worn by both men and women.But, with silver the Navajos can por-tray ancient and sacred designs takenfrom their sand paintings and cere-

monials. Navajos also have learnedto cut molds from what is called sand-stone (most of this material is solidi-fied pumiceous tufa), and therein castsilver. Th e older cast work w as ofsimple geometric design, but of lateIndian craftsmen have begun to usethe animal figures copied from petro-glyphs and pictographs on canyonwalls. The Navajos are not a staticpeople, and this fact is reflected intheir dynamic work.

There is little opportunity today topurchase quality silver pieces directlyfrom the Navajo silversmith. M ost ofthe better smiths are under contractto the traders, a more stable situation,financially, for both parties.Atsidi Sani., the first Navajo silver-smith, taught Atsidi Chon how to worksilver. The latter spent a year in theZuni pueblo, and then returned homea well-to-do man with many horsesand sheep. While in Zuni he taughta Zuni friend, Lanyade. For manyyears Lanyade did his work in secrecy,but later taught others.Zuni silverwork developed quite a

different form from that of the Navajos.Long before the Spaniards came tothe Southwest, Zuni artists set mosaicsof turquoise in shell, wood and boneto wear as ornam ents. This historicbackground, plus the influence of Mex-ican design and the extra time afforded

nelwork (stosilver). Th edesigns in thflush to the C. G. Walladone much and also to


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Fred Kabotie and instructor PaulSaufkie.The Hopi jewelry patterns are takenfrom traditional pottery and basket-work designs. These are then sawed

out of a sheet of silver, and sweat-soldered onto a solid sheet. Aftershaping, the design is blackened byoxidization to make it contrast withthe polished silver. It has an unusualmodern effect, and actually has moreversatile uses with today's clothes thanthe Navajo or Zuni silverwork.The reader should not get the ideathat every piece of Indian jewelry fits

neatly into one of the three categoriesdescribed above. Mo st pieces can beso placed with ease, but there aremany gradations in style and design.The Hopis lately have started settingturquoise in their cut-work . The Nav -ajos sometimes use many smaller sets.In manta pins and their version ofsquash-blossom necklaces, the Zunisometimes set single large pieces ofturquoise.The imitators continue to plaguethe mark et. Some have even hiredIndians to run the machines in theirfactories, and mark the finished prod-ucts "Indian Made". Arizona andNew Mexico are trying hard to enforce

laws to protect the true Indian crafts-men as well as the customers againstsuch fraud. Mo st of the factory workis easily detected because it is madeof plated base metals. But a smallpercentage of the imitations are diffi-cult to detect. On e of the latest gim-micks is to make a mold of a genuinepiece, particularly rings, and cast per-fect dup lications. Eve n the slight im-perfections and soldered places thatmark a hand-made piece are exactlyreproduced.The turquoise sets in Indian jewel-ry can also fool the uninitiated. Be-

cause the Indians themselves havebeen taken-in by imitations, they re-cently have come to prefer spider-webturquoise which cannot so easily beartificially duplicated. Another pitfallis the fact that poor color turquoisecan be doctored with wax, oil andplastics to make it look for a time likethe robin's-egg or sky-blue turquoisethe Indians like.Many of the trading posts have beenforced by competition to carry someof the cheap stuff. How can one besure the piece of jewelry he is buyingis genuine? He ca n't be, for even theexperts have been fooled. How ever,rule No. 1 is to deal through a repu-table dealer or an Indian guild. Workproduced by the Navajo Arts and

Crafts Guildis so stampeAlways rfor a "bargtaken many

sold at costudealers withalways happ

the merits osentative oflace and WWilson and and the WhBut what are interest

and the dknown to yof-thumb thright decisiany ) good,overall desiprop ortion? stamping enall design? neat? Is thwork marksmarks on thhave a good

The possiin purchasiBRACELETS E X A M P LE S

About the cover illustration(Advanced proofs of this month'scover illustration were sent to LillianKelley, author of the ."Southwest In-dian Silverwork" article, for her an-

All the jewelry in the picture is Nav-ajo, and you have chosen an excellentrepresentation of the craft. The earringsprized possessThe buttons atons and have


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remote as you travel away from themain highways and deeper into theNavajo Reservation. In the back-country you begin running into tradersstill performing their old-time func-tion. Typ ical of the posts run by suchmen are Indian Wells, Bita Hoche,Keams Canyon, Polacca, Shipaulovi,and on up the road going north fromHolbrook and west to Tuba City.I believe the best place for the nov-ice to buy jewelry, both for price andauthenticity, is at the Navajo Arts andCrafts Guild, located less than 30miles north and west of Gallup on

the fairgrounds at Window Rock. Hereyou will find representative silver ofall kinds and at reasonable prices. TheGuild is run on a non-profit basis,with just enough mark-up to pay forthe running of the shop.

Generally there are always severalsilversmiths working at the Guild Shop,but much of the work is done byNavajos working at hom e. The tur-quoise and silver are supplied to themby the Guild, and the artisans are paidby the piece. The Guild maintainshigh standards in design and work-manship. Ambrose Roanhorse, one ofthe finest of Navajo silversmiths, de-serves much credit for the Guild's levelof excellence. He and Chester Yellow-hair were on the committee that helpedform this organization.Today one sees new forms in the

old jewelry styles. The modern work-manship is better due to more avail-able tools. The finish (perfected bymany additional hours of work) ontoday's jewelry is far superior to thaton the old pieces. Soldering is hardly

discernible todcontrol possiacetylene torcold bellows aLearn to

boxes, ash traare being madas well as thelets, necklacesbeautiful hannot be here smiths can ming in the fithe railroads hamm ers, chare far better made ring asinto the Indiahome adornedfactory-made

Navajo Silversmith CHESTER YELLOWHAIR tells how he bridgedthe gap from Dark Age to Atomic Age in his own lifetime

/ WAS BO RN IN TH E DARK AGES . . .Until I was eight or nine years old I did not

know there were people on earthother than my family. Therewere 11 Children in my family. I wasthe eldest. The first five children w ereboys.The raising of sheep is important toNavajos. Because I was the eldestchild, I had to do the herding. I

herded little lambs until I was threeor four. At five I herde d the sheep.I did this work alone with the dog.He was a short-haired scrub dog.W hen I was seven 1 cared for thehorses. I watered them and put themon pasture . I learned how to track where it was, but we always looked traces of our


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crops. I had to help hoe and carrywater in cans to the garden.As a child I had training. At nightmy father would tell us the sacred

stories and ceremonies of our people.We children had to learn the sacredsongs.

When I was out in the desert herd-ing, I used to dream about having anice saddle. At the squaw dances Iwould see my relatives who had moremoney, and they all had nice saddles.In 1922when I was 10 years oldmy father heard about the schools

H a t d R o c k S h o t t yof Death Valley

"Okay, boys," said the Boy Scoutleader to the dozen lads he hadbrought to Death Valley for an out-ing. "G athe r aroun d. This gentle-man" indicating Hard RockShorty"has kindly consented totalk to us on desert survival. He'slived in Death Valley almost all hislife . . ."

"How old are you, mister?" askedone of the youngsters."Mind yer elders!" snappedShorty, who seemed about as com-fortable in the midst of his gather-

ing audience as did an old horsesurrounded by hungry coyotes."Boys ," continued the Scoutleader, "this is M r. Shorty. Nowgive him your attention and don'task questions until he's throughtalking.""Wai," began Shorty, "I bin axedto tell yu 'bout my 'periences outhere in th' desert . . ."The boys were inattentive." 'Bout troubled tim es. Gettin'lost an' what ta do 'bout it. Danger.People dying o' thirst . . ."A hush fell over the boys.

"But," continued Shorty in avoice that made the Scouts snap-to,"I talked to hundreds 'o men whowaz lost at one time or otheran'they learned me a heap 'bout sur-vival." 'Wh at is it yu deem th' mostimportant getting-unlost article yucarry in your pack?' I axed ever'one of them fellas who found theirway out of this here desert alive.

" 'Waz it a knife? Gun? A snake-bite kit? W ater?' "Shorty paused after each commis-sary item to gain maximum effecton his now mesmerized audience." 'Waz it matches? Mirro r ferflashin' signals? Rope? Extry pairo' boots? Extry food?'" 'No,' they all tole me, 'Weren'tnone o' them things. Wot savedour lives waz a deck o' cards!' ""A deck of what?" stammeredthe Scout leader."Ca rds!" bellowed Shorty. "Bestthing to do if'n yu get lost thesefellas told me waz to whip out adeck o' cards and set yerself up a

from the tgovernmentmake all tarea go tocame to ouwould hide est. If I whide behindherding, I How fright

Finally otold me hethe white mif he disobcision up toI said I little cap olong hair wof the worNavajo is hair. Fathwith bits represents set fire to

ing that I to bring thto him.We roderenzo HubbMy father advice: "W

j o b . If yodon 't get cbe a gamb lforget, if ywill have tThe tradyon. The rit was a stat the schmore an d stayed therto high scsummer I At Santasilvermakinbrose Roangether on the Navajo


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C L A S S I F I E D S How to Place an Ad: Mail your copy and first-insertion remit-tance to: Trading Post, Desert Magazine,Palm Desert, Calif. Classified rates are 20c per word, $4minimum per insertion.

BOOKS - MAGAZI NE SREAD THE Prospector's Guide . Tells how andwhere to prospect for minerals, etc. Sendfor application to United Prospectors, 701V2East Edgeware, Los Angeles 26, California.OUT-OF-print books at lowest prices! You nameitwe find it! Western Americana, desert andIndian books a specialty. Send us your w ants.No oblig ation . International Bookfinders, Box3003-D, Beverly Hills, California.LOCATE ANY boo k. No obligatio n. We search;quote price. Specializ ing Western Americana.

Aardvarks Desert Bookhunters, Box 734-D, LaMesa, California.SO YOU Want to Start a Rock Shop, new bookby Arthur E. and Lila Mae Victor, 52 pages,price $2. Invaluable information for the be-ginning rock shop, or any "thumb-nail" sizedretail business. Interesting reading for anyone. By the same authors, Gem Tumbling andBaroque Jewelry Making, sixth edit ion, autho-r itative and recognized book of complete in-structions. At your dealers or order direct, $2each, postpaid from Victor Agate Shop, South

1709 Cedar, Spokane 4 1, Washington. 8c taxWashington delivery."OVERLOOKED FORTUNES"in the Rarer Min-erals. Here are a fe w o f the 300 or moreyou may be overlooking while hunting, fish-ing, mining, prospecting or rock hunting: Ur-anium, Vanadium, Columbium, Tantalum, Tung-sten, Nickel, Cobalt, Titanium, Bismuth, Mo-lybdenum, Selenium, Germanium, Mercury,Chromium, Tin, Beryllium, Gold, Silver, Plati-num, Ir idium , etc. Some worth $1 to $3 apound, others $25 to $200 an ounce. Learn

how to find, identify and cash in on them.New simple system. Send for free copy"Overlooked Fortunes in Minerals," it maylead to knowledge which may make you rich!Duke's Research Laboratory, Box 666, Dept-B,Truth or Consequences, New Mexico.TREASURE HUNTER'S Ma nua l, Sixth Editio n. Theone-and-only treasure hunter's bible by Am-

DEATH VALLEY valuable guide. The secrets ofDeath Valley bared. Beautiful i l lustrations.$3.50 postpaid. Travel Writer's Passport,unique handbook for travel writers and pho-tographers, tells you how to sell your storiesand pictures, $1 postpaid. Special Offer: bothbooks for only $4 postpaid. Order todayf rom : Martin Gross, P.O. Box 3 02 1, GrandCentral Station, New York 17, N.Y.LOST MINES, buried or sunken treasure, bibliog-

raphy . Our research has 41 books, articles,maps covering this fascinating subject. Com-ple te list $2. Earth Science Enterp rises, Park-wood Drive, Madisonville, Kentucky."GEMS & Minerals Magazine," largest rock hobbymonthly. Field tr ips, "h o w " articles, pictures,ads. $3 year. Sample 25c. Box 687J, Mentone,California.GEM HUNTERS Atlas. Three great books for therock collector, covering the eleven westernstates. Each atlas has 32 ful l page maps w ith

gem hun ting areas spotted in color. Type ofmaterial, mileages and all highways are shown.Northwest $1 , CaliforniaNevada $1 , South-west $1 , postpaid. Write for our selected listof books on mineralogy, wildlife, Americana,and tra vel. Scenic Guides, Box 288, Susan-vi l le , California.SPECIAL GRAB-BAG offer: we will mail you 20different back copies of Desert Magazine (allissues complete and in good condition) se-lected at random from our 1950 thru 1957files, for o nly $3 (sorry: no exchanges). Atreasury of illustrated feature articles, mapsand stories on the Great American Desert.Best bargain the postman can deliver, forDesert is one of the few magazines peoplesave. Send orders to: Grab-Bag, Desert Mag-azine, Palm Desert, Calif.

FOR WOME NLADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Beautifier."Your whole be auty treatment in one jar. Pro-

tect skin against sun, w i n d . For free brochurewr i te : Lola Barnes, 963 North Oakland, Pasa-dena 6, California.DRY SKIN conditions solved with daily applica-tion of G'Bye Dry. Large jar prepaid for only$1 . Try it now and be desert happy. NevadaRX Drug, Boulder City, Nevada.

FREE CATALO Ging and mounMt. Everest, Hpensive but Dept. 107, WaMICROSCOPES, and hobb yistsWrite for priceEl Camino, PNEW TYPE tumoperation, no polished Lake River, postpaiStockton, I l l inoFOR SALE: comnew. Miss Trment 2, Hun twrite today f G E M S , AUSTRALIAN Tpolished barnecklace or Or 10 differefrom aroundBensusan, 861California.GENUINE TURQbluish green, carats (5 to 1

including tax,cabochons) $U.S.A. Write fShop, 235 E. CALIFOR NIA DEished. Large Pollard, 12719ROCKHOUNDS new ge mcrafttynine PalmsFeaturing fluoFIRE AGATE, tumm . cabochonFire guaranteMining Co., OPAL, AMETHYand polishedred, blue, grof the rainbo


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C L A S S I F I E D SContinued from preceding pageDESERT ROCKS, wo od s, jew elry . Residence rear jof shop. Rockhounds welcom e. M ile west onU.S. 66. McShan's Gem Shop and DesertMuseum. P.O. Box 22, Needles, California.RED ROCK Shop has minerals, slabs, petrifiedwood, gif ts, curios. Wil l t rade. 2V2 milessouthwest on U.S. 89A, Sedona, Arizona.

RIVERSIDE CALIFORNIA. We have everythingfor the rock hound, pebble pups, interest inggifts for those who are not rock hounds.Minerals, slabs, rough materials, lapidary sup-plies, mountings, equipment, black l ights. Whynot stop and brow se? Shamrock Rock Shop ,593 West La Cadena Drive, Riverside, Calif.OVerland 6-3956.VISIT GOLD Pan Rock Shop. Beautiful spherematerial, mineral specimens, choice crystals,cutt ing materials, jewelry, bolo t ies, baroques,spheres, bookends, paperweights, cabochons, j

faceted stones, f luorescents, jewe lry f indings, !lapidary equipment and supplies, Navajo rugs,sun colored desert glassgold specimens, our ;specialty. John and Etta James, proprietors,2020 North Carson Street on Highway 395north end of town. Carson City, Nevada.

TURQUOISE FOR sale. Turquoise in the roughpriced at f rom $5 to $50 apound. Royal BlueMines Co., Tonopah, Nevada.MINNESOTA SUPERIOR agates 12 to 1 inch$1.35 pound postpaid; 1 to 2 inch $2.50pound postpaid. 3 polished Thompsonites $1postpaid. Frank Engstrom, Grey Eagle, Min n.TRINIDAD JASPER 10 pounds $8.50, postpaid.

Dealers write for prices on baroques. Roy'sRock Shop, P. O. Box 133, Tr in idad, Calif.WILL TRADE mixed obsidians for agate, or sellgold sheen, si lver sheen, ol ive green banded,spider web, feather, ambers, etc., 60c poundpostpaid. Blacks for doublets , etc., 25c poundpostpaid. C olorful commons, 35c pound post-paid. Ashby's, Route 2, Box 92, Redmond,Oregon.OPALS AND sapphires direct f rom Austral ia.This month's best buy: Rough emeralds, f inecabochon material, deep color, 2 carat to 25carat pieces. Two qualit ies, $15 and $45 peroz., sent airm ail. Send personal check, inter-national money order, bank dra ft. Free 16page list of all Austral ian gemstones. Aus-t ral ian Gem Trading Co., 294 Little Collins St.,Melbourne C.I., Austral ia.

CHOICE MINERAL specimens, rough and cut gemmaterial, lapidary and jewel ry equipment andsupplies, mountings, f luorescent lamps, books.Valley Art Shoppe, 21108 Devonshire Street,Chatsworth, California.GEODES, CRYSTAL. Lined, com plete, unb roke n, I3 " to 5", $1.50 postpaid. Many have inclu-sions, most are part ial ly f i l led with loose, 't iny double terminated quartz crystals andclusters. Limited supp ly. Act Fast. Unusualpresent for a rockhound. Free list: gems andminerals. The Vellor Co., P.O. Box 44(D),Over land, St. Louis 14, Mo.

GEMS, MINERA LS-FOSSILSFOSSILS. 12 dif ferent for $2. Other prices on

request. Wil l buy, sell or t rade. Museum ofFossils. Clifford H. Earl, P. O. Box 188,Sedona, Arizona.FINE DOMESTIC and foreign crystals and mas-sive minerals. Please ask for free list. Con-t inental Minerals, P.O. Box 1206, Anaconda,Montana.

AUTHENTIC INDmayo blanketsClosed TuesdPost, 19967 Hil ls, Calif. OTHREE FINE pr

$1 . Flint scalpb i rd $3. All Glenwood, ArINDIAN PHONOand dances, aCanyon Recor

1, Arizona.INDIAN ARTIFAskulls, potteryThunderbird Brazos River,

ROCK COLLE CTOR Sattention! Like Surprises?Leave it to me. A mixed box of crystals, fos-sils, minerals, fluorescencents, labeled, or abo x of cuttables, chunks and slabs labeled,$6 each or both for $11 postpaid. For lapi-dists who want enough rough to cut on along t ime send $25 and pay the express whenit gets to you. The Rockologist , Box 181,Cathedral City, Calif.

ASTERATED GARNETS, 15 rough or 10 t umb led ,$1 . 1 ounce stones $3 each, larger $5. Roughground, hard, gemmy stones, $7.50 pound. 1ounce tumbled $2. Postage, please. List free .Tupper Jones, Wenden, Arizona.

INDIAN GOODSFINE RESERVATION-MADE Navajo, Zuni, Hopijewelry . Old pawn. Hundreds of f ine old bas-kets, moderately priced, in excellent condit ion.Navajo rugs, Yei blankets, Chimayo homespuns,pot tery . A collector's paradise! Open daily10 to 5:30, closed Mondays. Buffalo TradingPost, Highway 18, Apple Valley, California.

GUARANTEED F$26.50. Priors. -Prompt dEnglewood CNAV AJO RUGSposts. LargeCrystals, Twosaddle blankePerfect Chrisor chi ldren'sShop, DesertCal i forn ia. Oa week afteFINEST RESERjewelry . Olblankets, basappraise, buyrugs and bachure. TheHighway, LaAPACHE TRAD

dian pre-Colbaskets, stolists. GeorgeAngeles ForeWindsor 7-210 WARPOINTbirdpoints $points $1.50photographs masks, rugswi th $10 ord JEWELR

ARROWHEADS TWOancient obsidian, i l lustrated

GENUINE TURturquoise brt iger-eye $1baroques $3Tubby's RocMontrose, C


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LADY'S SOLITAIRE birthstone r ing, 6V27 mm,round bril l iant synthetic stone in sterling silvermou nting. This elegant r ing is perfect for alloccasions. State month and size (who le sizes5-9). O nly $7.50, tax, postage includ ed. Sat-isfaction guaranteed. Wo rldw ide Gems & Min-erals, 1628 U th Street, Sacramento 14, Calif.LADIES! WEAR with pride the stone of legend.Apache tear bracelet $2.98, necklace $2.98,earr ings $1.98. Hobbies Unlimite d, Box 145D,Sunland, California.UNIQUE LOVELY bracelets of ten differentidentif ied gems set f lat on untarnishable giltH.P. mou nting. Choice of "Gems of th eW o r l d " or "Western Gems," $3 each. Alsochoker-style necklaces to match, $3.75 each.Tax, postage inc lude d. Bensusan, 8615 Co-lumbia Ave., Sepulveda, California.

LODGES, MOTELSMELODY LANE Apartment Motel, 6259 AdobeRoad, P.O. Box 66, Twentynine Palms, Cali-fornia. All electr ic, air-cooled, trees and patio,opp osite post office, near super-ma rket. Day,week or monthly rates.BOARD, ROOM. Rest and relax in beautifullysituated private home. Reasonable rates byweek or month. Delicious f ood , comfortablerooms, sunny patios. Box 365, TwentyninePalms, Ca lifornia . FO 7-4363.

MAPSSECTIONIZED CO UNTY maps San B ernardino$3 ; Riverside $1 ; Imperial, small $ 1, large $2;San Diego $1.25; Inyo $2.50; Kern $1.25;other California counties $1.25 each. Nevadacounties $1 each. Include 4 percent sales tax.Topographic maps of all mapped western

areas. Westwide Maps Co., 114 West ThirdStreet, Los Angeles 13, California.GHOST TOWN map: big 3x2 feet. California,Arizona and Nevada, with roads marked. PlusTreasure catalogue 100 items. $ 1 , or Am ericanTreasure Hunter's Guide $2. Foul AnchorArchives, DM, Rye, New York.TREASURE MAPS : Texas treasures in co lor, sh ow-ing locations of m ines, sunken ships burie dtreasures and old trails. 17 "x2 2", suitable for

framin g. $2 postpaid. Rem Productions, P.O.Box 1893, Fort Worth, Texas.ROUTE MAP Pacific Crest Trail, 2153 miles Can-ada to Mexico through 22 National Forestsand 6 National Parks in Washington, Oregonand California. 20-page folder $1 . W. Rogers,2123 South Park Drive, Santa Ana, California.

ENGINEERS, PROSPECTORS, geolo gis ts. Locateboron, l i thium, strontium, uranium and othervaluable minerals with the new always readyfluorescent mineral detec tor. Detector opera-ates in daylight, uses no batteries, fits in shirtpocket and eliminates dark bo x. Is unsur-passed for open pit uranium mining opera-tions. Price only $12.5 0. Free broch ure. Es-sington Products and Engineering, Box 4174,Coronado Station, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

ASSAYS. COMPLETE, accurate, guara ntee d. Hig h-est qu ality sp ectrograp hic. On ly $8 per sam-ple. Reed Engineering, 620-R So. InglewoodAve., Inglewood, Cal i fornia.

BIG STOCK of new and used treasure and min-eral detectors, geiger and scintil lation counters,ultra violet lights. Free list. Easy terms. Al lmakes serviced. White's Electronics, 1218 MainStreet, Sweet Home, Oregon.

$1 FOR gold areas, 25 California counties.Geolog y, elevations. Pans $3, $2.50. Poke $1 .Fred Mark, Box 801, Oja i , Cali fornia. O LD COI NSGOLD COINS wanted. Send your list of datesfor my high premium prices. Louis Friedland,

Kent, Ohio.GOLD COINS for profitable safe investment.They make goo d gifts, too. Buy any amo unt,$5.75 to $10,000. I import U.S. $5, $10, $20and English and Swiss coins, and deliver toyour bank before you pay. For details write :Loyd Parker, 4606 Austin, Houston 4, Texas.

PLA N TS, SEEDSWILDFLOWERS SEEDS: New catalog offers ovei600 di f ferent k inds of wi ldf lower and wi ldtree seeds. Catalo g 50c. Clyde Ro bin, CarmelValley, California.CACTIMANY varieties of specimen plants only.Send for list. Rosso's Cactus Nurse ry, 25399Hiway 99, Loma Linda, California.CACTUS AND succulents from the deserts of theSouthw est. Free illustra ted catalog. Davis

Cactus Garden, 1522 Jefferson Street, Kerr-ville, Texas.SPECTACULAR DESERT Poinciana, beautifulbloom ing desert shrub. Plant now , easy di-rections, guaranteed. Seeds $1 postpa id. Box585, Las Vegas, Nevada.

REAL ESFOR SALE: Tw obedroom furnt ioned. Five 3Edward G. Rob50 ACRES only chella in CoacWrite to: DonAngeles 38, CLAND LIQUIDATparcels to beKern, Impe rial Robert L. ShaVerdun AvenuCHOICE 626 ac

from Desert Hacre. Write R36 ACRES beSprings, 13A hful level landTejon Mts. Eized area and of historical, vistas. O nly month. Own eDrive, ShermaNEAR LAKE Isagreen, ferti le, $50 down, $3Call or write premises onRanchos, 2441Kel logg 2-136CHOICE 207 acon old Highwacres in alfalseven cuttings

pletely equippL. P. SoulsbuBox 20, InyoFOR INFORMATcels for saleplease write Twentynine PaCalifornia.SACRIFICE BY Lancaster's bsmog. P.O.

Keep yoDESERT Min attractiv


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C L A S S I F I E D SContinued from preceding poDON'T PAY subdivision cost! You can ownspacious 114 view acres with piped waterand electricity in "Lucerne Springs"a provencommunity created by 130 individual propertyowners for their own vacation and ret irementhomes in Lucerne Valley. Willia m Russell,3997 N. Fairoaks St.,Altadena, Calif . SY 7-4564.ROCK HOUNDS, buy this older commercial build-in g on 150-foot highway frontage, south of

Blythe, California. $3500. Jacquetta Dunn ing,Realtor, P.O. Box 836, Imperial Bearch, Calif.FOR SALE: large lot in Apple Valley, $2500.$500 down, balance $30 month. Hampton,Route 3, Box 276, Durango, Colo.$25 DOWN, $10 month buys level Nevada 5-acre lot. Wide streets, 7 miles to WinnemuccaAirport , h ighway 40. Guaranteed title . Fullprice $995. Henion , 2086 East Color ado, Pas-adena, California.OWNER LOVES this Lucerne Valley hideaway

and it shows. He must move. You get: com-f o r t and quality, f ireplace, sliding glass doors,tasteful furnishings, 2V2 acres, beautiful view.Membership in recreation club available. $9950.$1500 dow n. Will iam Russell, 3997 N. Fair-oaks St., Altadena, Calif . SY 7-4564.20 ACRES flat,'9 miles west of Randsburg. $3990.$90 down, $39 per month. 40 acres flat, InyoCounty. $2990. $90 d o w n , $29 per month.Pon & Co., Box 546D, Azusa, California.

GHOST TOWN items: Sun-colored glass, amethystto royal purple; ghost railroads materials,t ickets; l imited odd items from camps of the'60s. Write your interestBox 64-D, Smith,Nevada.

MISCELLANEOUSBOOKKEEPING SIMPLIFIED: Conforms to all fed-eral and state tax law requirements. Completewit h instructions, $4.95. Mo tt Distributors,P.O. Box 602, Lovelock, Nevada.PLASTIC EMBEDDING for fun and prof i t , nooven. Make beautiful jewelry, decorativepanels, science specimens castings. Catalog25c, Natcol Plastics, Box 444, Yucaipa, Calif.SELLING MY mounted K i w i , believe extinct. Sendstamped envelope for full descript ion and

price. Also one Emu egg. Worcester, 1229BUniversity Ave., Berkeley 2, California.

80 ACRES near Lockhart, level, $125 acre, 25%d o w n . 20 acres Highway ,395, level, north ofAdelanto, $150 acre, 10% d o w n . 2/2 acreswest of Adelanto, level, $1495, 10% d o w n .2V2 acres Lancaster on paved h ighway, shal- !low water, level, $2495, 10% d o w n . Dr. !Dodge, 1804 Lincoln Blvd., Venice, Calif .

WESTERN MERCHANDISEDESERT TREASURES, primitive relics, purple glass,gem stones, paint ings, rock trips, informationon Last Chance Canyon. Visit Roberta's in the

ghost town of Garlock, 12 miles east of RedRock Canyon Highway 6, via Randsburg road,or 8 miles west of Randsburg and Highway395. Mail inquiries answered. Roberta's, BoxC, Randsburg, California.MAC'S ORIGINAL t imberline weathered wood.Finished table or what-not shelf pieces, 6

SENIOR CITZENpopular deminclude medscript ions. Omoney. OrdeNevada RXMAKE YOUR oleaves hair sdrugs tore. SSliger, 8505California.EARTHWORMS,bait, Send $garden andtive crawlersFarms, HighlULTRAVIOLET tubes, filtersable. Free Products, MaNew York.SIMULATED ENand $4.95 pTumble polispostpaid. Do246, LucerneHARD-TO-find

through worl74561L, Los

NEW DESERT BFROM FORBIDDING DESERTTO WINTER PLAYGROUNDThe Coachella Valley, once one of themost carefully avoided desert areas in NorthAmerica, is today one of the most popularresort sites in the country. Millions of va-cationers visit the Coachella Valley, seekingthe autumn and winter sunshine, from PalmSprings to the Salton Sea. Too, the area isin the midst of a rapid agricultural andresidential boom.

The period "between"when the Coa-chella area was developing from desolatedesert to an important center of populationin Southern Californiais the subject ofa delightfully written book, Your Desertand Mine, by Nina Paul Shumway.

The author's family moved to the Coa-chella wastelands when Mrs. Shumway wasa young newlywed. She has watched theregion develop for a half century, and her

A WESTERIS REPUBLThe rare bIndians, haslore Press as Indian Seriesnarrative of came West imaker early in the first reader lookingto: ". . . justis not of thsuch are writtseen what thThe Great able good ludian neighboconsiders thefied as "warlonizer, Indiamissionary, w


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B U Y B O O K S B Y M. . . satisfaction guaranteed

-WORLD'S LARGEST SELECTION OF BOOKS DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THEDES1 . List books you want 2. Add 15c per book 3.California residents 4. If book is to be a 5. Please PRINT yby t i t le and author. for postage & han- also add 4% sales gift, please mark name and maildl ing. tax. "GIFT" clearly, 8> in- address legibly.dicate how you wantgift card signed.

T H E S O U T H W E S T T O D A Y G E M S - M I NARIZONA PLACE NAMES. Barnes and Granger. Accepted referenceto the names of towns, valleys, mountains and streams of Arizona.Beaut i fu l ly pr inted. 519 pages _. ... $10ANTHOLOGY OF DESERT POETRY. A collection of 89 poetic interpre-tations of the desertland. Peaceful and inspirational reading for thosewho would meditate under the spell of verse. Paperbound.- $1.50THE COWBOY AT WORK. Fay E Ward. 32 chapters of cowboy,horse and cattle lore. Beautifully i l lustrated, written in cowhandlingo. Will settle lots of corral caucuses. 288 pages. Indexed. $8.50GRAND CANYON DEEPS. Benjamin J. Kimber. A compilation ofsome of the descriptions of the Grand Canyon, written by dozens ofwell-known authors and travelers. Historic words tell ing in differentways of the grandeur of Grand Canyon. Paperbound. 64 pages. $1.50CABINS AND VACATION HOUSES. This Sunset book contains 252plans and drawings and 250 photos. Tells how to plan cabins forbeach, mountains or desert. Paperback. 128 pages.... $1.95MEET THE SOUTHWEST DESERTS. Phillip Welles. A well i l lustratedguide book that generalizes the Southwest desert country for thenewcomer or for the relatives back east who think that Indians stillr ide Model Ts while the squaws walk behind. 110 i l lustrations. 82pages. Paper-back $1, Hard-bound $2.25NEW GUIDE TO MEXIC O. Frances Toor. Completely revised, up-to-the-minute edit ion of this famous guide, including Lower California.Over 80 illustrations and an account of new West Coast highwaysinto Mexico City. 277 pages $2.95LOWER CALIFORNIA GUIDE BOOK. Gerh ard and Gullck. Maps, motormileages, suppliesthe complete data you wil l need for a journeyinto the fascinating land south of the border. Includes informationas to customs, f ood , passportseverything you wi l l want to knowwhether you go by auto, boat, plane or bu rro. Paper, $5.25. Cloth $6

CRYSTAL AND MINERAL COLLECTINbeginner who is ready to graduate. PGEM TUMBLING. The Victors. A guiddescribes baroque jewelry making. PROCK TO RICHES. Charles H. Dunninminingpast, present and future, wr imining experience in the Copper StateTHE FIRST BOOK OF STONES. M. B.stone collecting easy and excit ing fplenty of simple il lustrations. 90 pagAMONG THE ROCKS. Terry Shannonbook to interest the 8 to 12 youngstIndian sand pa intin g. Fine sketchesGEMCRAFT. Quick and Leiper. Tells stones, how to slab, cut, polish andrawings and photos. Bibliography.HOW TO CUT GEMS. Dan O'Brien.its f ield, it describes in understandabgem cut t ing, inc luding s labbing, t r ietc. 18 chapters. 50 pages. PaperbMINERALS AND ROCKS. H. W. Ball.geologic specimens are featured in thiGEMSTONES OF NORTH AMERICA. Jf inest work on gem rocks of this conas an expert. 675 pages, beautifuIndexed, plus bibl iography and glosGEM HUNTER'S ATLAS, SOUTHWEST.


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HANDBOOK FOR PROSPECTORS. M. W. von Bernewitz. Completeguide for prospectors and operators of small mines, including equip-ment, mining laws, mineralogy and geology, sampling and assaying,field tests and measurements, markets and prices. Glossary, ind ex,547 pages. Limp leatherette bi nd in g. -- $9QUARTZ FAMILY MINERALS. Dalce, Fleener, Wilson. Descript ion andoccurrences of one of the most interesting mineral group s. Includesquartz crystals, amethyst, sagenife, agate and chalcedony, jasper,bloodstone, carnelian and sard, geodes and thundereggs, petrif iedwo od , etc. Reading list, illus., inde x. 304 pages $5HOW TO KNOW THE MINERALS AND ROCKS. Richard M. Pearl. A nillustrated f ield guide to more than 125 important minerals and rocks,with identif ication keys. For the amateur and beginner; handy pocketsize. 192 pages. .._ _ _ - $4.25COLORADO G EM TRAILS & MINERAL G UIDE. Richard M. Pearl. Maps,mileage logs, collect ing informa tion for the rockhounds who w ant toseek new specimens in the many collecting areas of Colorado andthe Rockies. 176 pages -- - $2.95CALIFORN IA GEM TRAILS. Darold J. Henry . An authoritat ive guideto the more important California gem collecting f ields, including manynew localit ies. Maps and detailed inform ation. 101 pages. $2.50ROCKS AN D MINERALS OF CALIFO RNIA. Vinson Brown and DavidAllan. Manual for collectors, with maps showing California f ield triplocatio n. 48 specimens in color plates. Paper, $2.75 Clo th, $4.50POPULAR PROSPECTING. H. C. Dake, editor of The Mineralogist.Field guide for the part-t ime prospector and gem hunter. Where toprospect, descript ion of minerals, valuable prospecting notes $2GEM CUTTING. John Sinkankas. Most complete book yet writ tencovering the whole f ield of gemcraft, from gathering in the f ield tothe fashioning of beautiful jewels. A practical guide for amateurand profe ssion al. 413 pages. Illus... - $8.95ART OF GEM CUTTING. Dake & Pearl. How to saw, grind, sand, dopand polish cabochons and facets; optics, chemical and physical prop-ert ies of gems; testing gems; instruments and equipment; speciallapida ry techniq ues. Illus., paper .___ $2THE FOSSIL BOOK. Carroll L. Fenton and M ildred A. Fenton. One ofthe finest gene ralized books ever writ ten ab out fossils. For seriousamateurs. Hundreds of photos and draw ings, text-book qua lity.Auth oritat ive . 480 pages. First published 1958 ._ $15FIELD GUIDE TO ROCKS AN D M INERALS. Frederick H. Pough. Colori l lustrat ions. Textbook covering the whole f ield of minerals for bothstudent and veteran miner alogist _ - $4.50

N A T U R E S U B J E C T SNATURAL HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWEST. A compilat ion showing thebeauty and color of the Southwest by excellent photos, and tell ingof its trees, shrubs, birds, reptiles and mammals. A genera l book onthe area, it has many color pictures. A guide for those wh o wan tan intro duc tion to the outdo or Southw est. 144 pages $4.95

WESTERN GARDEN BOOK. Handsomthat tells all about gardening in tamateur landscape artists. 384 pagMAMM ALS OF THE SOUTHWEST DEof the Southwestern Monuments Athe desert-dw ell ing animals; habitsCALIFORN IA DESERTS. Dr. Edmundon the Colorado and Mojave deserlife, geogra phy, geolog y, aboriginalThird edit io n. 209 pages. Index NATIVE PLANTS FOR CALIFORNIA Ghas a wealth o f native f lowers adelightful domestic landscaping. Heand how to grow them in your garINTRODUCTION TO DESERT PLANwanted to cult ivate some of the nlandscaping, this book wil l be a mWILDFOLK IN THE DESERT. CarrolFor young (10-14) nature lovers wanimals of the desert. Written in nTHIS IS THE DESERT. Ph il Ault. Atory and l ife of the American Desfor youn g peop le (12-15). .._ PHYSIOLOGY OF MA N O N THE DEReport of field research into the mvival on the desertheat, wate r,photos. 357 pages, paper bound THE NORTH AME RICAN DESERTS. September '57. The Southw est's gt ime of the f ive important deserts356 line dra win gs, 29 pages of mDESERT WILD FLOWERS. Edm und Cf lora, almost 800 species describeor photos. Includes material on dition of botanic al names. THE TREES AND SHRUBS OF THE Sand R. Darrow. This revised edit ioner in botany wil l need for identhe entire Southwest. App endi x, 1THE VOICE OF THE DESERT. Joseuralist explores the rich, intriguing,Southw estern desert. 223 pages. POISON OUS DWELLERS OF THE DEbecome as much a part of the kiteen." Descript ion and habitat of black widow spiders, kissing bug,Monsters, and others. First aid. IlFLOWERS OF THE SOUTHWEST DEthose who, lacking a scientif ic knoto learn the names of the more comshrubs. Both the scientific and cgiven . 110 pages, illustr ated . PaFLOWERS OF THE SOUTHWEST MEby an easy-to-follow color key, tJuniper Woodland extending from tion. Descriptive draw ings by Jea


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S O U T H W E S T H I S T O R Y a n dS O U T H W E S T P E R S O N A L I T I E S

YOUR DESERT AN D MIN E. Nina Paul Shumway. A delig htful per-sonal account of a fam ily's e arly-day experiences in the CoachellaValley, with much valuable history of the date palm industry. PalmSprings, Indio, the Salton Sea, sand dunes and the Santa Rosa moun-tains are all seen through the eyes of a young woman meeting thedesert for the first tim e. Illust rate d, more than 300 pages. $6.75PONY EXPRESS-THE GREAT GAMBLE. Roy S. Bloss. A well-researchedbook that deals with the business and politics of the Pony Expressmore than with the adventures of the daring r iders. An excellentreference for students of the Pony Express. E xcellent historic photo sand illustratio ns. Hardback. 160 pages. - $4.50TIBURCIO VASQUEZ, THE CALIFORNIA OUTLAW. Compiled by Rob-ert Greenwoo d. Includes a reprinting of a rare contemporary accountabout the noted bandit. Many quotations from newspapers of the'60s and '70s. Illustra ted. 296 pages. Hardback. $5.95HARD ROCK SHORTY AT HIS WORST. 21 selections from the famousHard Rock Shorty series that has been running in Desert Magazinesince 1937. Whimsical yarns containing the wildest stories ever torise on the heat waves of Death Valley. Not a wo rd of tr uth in thewho le passle. Paperbound. $1OUTLAW TRAIL. Charles Kelly. The corrected second edit ion of anillustrated classic about western outlaw Butch Cassidy and his "WildBunch." Trains and banks were their targets. One of the best outlawreports. Map and index. $6FRONTIER WORLD OF DOC HO LLIDAY. Pat Jahns. A lively report onthe historic dentistturned faro dealer-gunman. Much use of early-western newspaper reports. Footnotes, lengthy bibliogra phy. $5WYATT EARP, FRONTIER MARSH AL. Stuart N. Lake. Thril l ing accountof frontier days, and a man who out-shot and out-thought the bad-men of the toughest mining camps and cowtowns of the old South-wes t. Based on Earp's' ow n story. $4.50BILLY KING 'S TOMBSTON E. C. L. Sonnichsen. Tombstone's hell-roar in ' days, from 1881 to 1906, are told in this popular and dramaticstory of the people and events that paraded the Southwest in thefabulous late 1800s. Old photographs il lustrate liberally. $3THE LAST WAR TRAIL. Robert Em m itt. An excit ing document of theUte uprising of 1879 in Colorado . The story of the Meeker Massacre,and Indian-white conflict. Excellent bibliog raph y. 333 pages. $4.50BUTTERFIELD OVERLAND MA IL. Waterm an L. Ormsby . The authorwas the only through passenger on the first Westbound stage in1 8 5 8 . His reports are reprinted, with informative notes, maps, andindex. Lively and excit ing reading. 179 pages $4WILLIE BOY. Harry Lawton. Tale of a strange desert manhunt, withmounted posses of western lawmen trying to track down a youngIndian. Willie Boy, who had murdered two people, outfooted horsesand bullets for weeks, but finall y shot himself. San Bernardino andRiverside counties in Southern California are the setting for this 1909adven ture. 224 pages. Historic photo s. . .... $5.98JEDEDIAH SMITH. Hal G. Evarts. "Trail Blazer of the West" is thesubtitle for this semi-novel about one of the West's great trappers,guides and mou ntain men. 192 pages. . $3

JOURNEY OF THE FLAME. Fierro Blantorical novel, acclaimed as the greatecompi led. A collection of fact and ficFIG TREE JO HN . Edwin Corle. A finelate Edwin Corle. Limited edit io n, i l luARIZON A'S DARK AN D BLOODY GROthe fourth printing of an authenticGraham-Tewksbury cattle war in Arizoto 1892. Mo re than a score of m en AUTHENTIC LIFE OF BILLY THE K ID.easily but may not be quite as authK i d , migh t like us to believe. Part opub lished by Unive rsity of Oklahom aTRUE STORY OF BILLY THE KID. Williis that The Kid, contrary to general byoung man, ready to serve the law,DEATH VALLEY IN '49 . William Lewwords, the classic of Death Valley caccount of how Manly and his party sTHE MANLY MAP AND THE MANLY of the epics of southwestern history:W m . Lewis Manly and John RogersDeath Valle y. Repro duction of their DEATH VALLEY TALES. A Death writers have written true chapters frthe Death Valley regio n. 59 pages, GOOD BYE, DEATH VALLEY! L. Burrthe tragic trek of the Jayhawker parseekers in 1849. Death Valley '49er pLOAFING ALO NG DEATH VALLEY TRa store of excellent material gainedValley Trails, this is "a persona l narrasuch peop le as Shorty Harris, Charles DEATH VALLEY SCOTTY TOLD ME. EDeath Valley Scotty as his friend s knewhile Mrs. Houston's husband was a DEATH VALLEY SCOTTY RIDES AG Astories, just as he told them, written fabulous Death Valley character during 20 MULE TEAM DAYS IN DEATH VALof the most colorful episode in westby the old-timers, and from the recorSIXGUNS. Elmer Keith. For the manpistols and revolvers, by one of Amer400 il lustrations. Arms design and aJOSEPH REDDEFORD WALKER ANDDaniel Ellis Conner, edited by Bethamazing Arizona expedition, a hundrewest could provide adventure for aWalker l ived, trapped and guided in A PEEP AT WASH OE. J. Ross Brownfirst-hand report of the early days author was an illustrato r and write r fbook contains interestin g w oo d cuts,


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L E G E N D S A N D L O S T T R E A S U R ELOST MINES AND BURIED TREASURES ALONG THE OLD FRONTIER.John D. Mitchell. 51 stories of lost mines and buried treasures, withmaps. New edit ion of a rare out-of-print book. 234 pages $5GOLD, GUNS AND GHOST TOWNS. W. A. Chalfant. Combines OUT-POSTS OF CIVILIZATION an d TALES OF THE PIONEERS in attractive7x10 edit ion. "All the rough and ready, gold-crazy exuberance of theold West is capture d in these stories. The days when men, good andb a d , were motivated only by the lust for nuggets and gold dust havebeen sympathetically yet humorously chron icled." _ $3.75ON THE TRAIL OF PEGLEG SMITH'S LOST GOLD. J. Wilson McKenney .Here new clues are added to the fantastic story of Pegleg Smith'sfabulous black nuggets of the California desert. Photos. Map. ..$1.50THE LOST DUTCHMAN M INE . Sims Ely. Latest information on thetop mys tery among lost mines of the Southw est. Ely attempts toseparate facts fro m ficti on. Endmaps, 178 pages $3.50THE BONANZA TRAIL. Muriel Sibell Wolle. The story of more than200 old min ing tow ns and camps of the West. Pencil sketches.. $8.50GHOST TOWNS OF THE OLD WEST. Colorful map on parchment,18x24. Shows 83 ghost towns in California, Nevada, Arizona $1LOST DESERT GOLD. Ralph L. Caine. A new edit ion of a popularbook on the lost mines of the Southern California Desert, includingPegleg Smith's black nuggets. M aps. P hotos. Paper boun d $1.50DESERT COUN TRY. Edwin Corle . Ghost towns, legends, oases, his-tory, Indiansfrom the Border to Nevada, from the Mojave andDeath Valley to the Grand Canyo n. 357 pages, index . - $4.95GHOSTS OF THE GLORY TRAIL. Ne ll Murbarge r. The old boom min-ing towns of the Great Basin come to life again in these sparklingtales of 275 ghost camps. Historic ally accurate, ente rtain ingly to ld.Includes Ghost Town Directo ry. 328 pages. Halftones. Index... $5.75LOST MINE S AN D HIDD EN TREASURE. Leland Lovelace. Fact or leg-e n d , the lost treasure tales of the Southwest are always thrillingreading. To the well kn own Pegleg and Breyfogle are added a scoreof other lost mine stories. 252 pages - $4APACHE GOLD & YAQU I SILVER. J. Frank Dobie. Fascinating lostmine and burie d treasure stories by a master story teller. Bea utifulcolor plates and black-and -whites by Tom Lea - $6THE GREAT DIAM ON D H OAX. Asbury Harpending. New edit ion ofan amazing story long out of print. Two rough prospectors con-vinced Tiffany and California's leading bankers they had discovereda great new diamo nd field in the Southwes t. 211 pages $2LOST MINES OF OLD ARIZO NA. Harold O. Weight. This 76-pagebook let tells the fascinating tales of nine legendary lost mines. Noone has ever run across these treasure troves in the Arizona hills.Paperback. With map - - $2

C H I L D R E N ' S B O O K SPEETIE THE PACKRAT. Van C lark. A small collect ion of fanciful ani-

SECRETS OF LIFE. A W alt Disney boA beginner's book in the study of heve this inspir ing story. 124 pagLET'S GO TO THE DESERT. Harriet plants and animals writ ten fo r childby full-page photograp h. 88 pagesDESERT DWELLERS. Terry Sh annon.fully i l lustrated book of desert withe pictures in color. 40 pages. BEFORE AN D AFTER DINO SAU RS. Lnicely i l lustrated guide for junior of the wo rld of repti les, keystonetiny lizards to the huge Brontosaur

I N D I A NTRADERS TO THE NAV AJO S. FraThe story of the Wetheril ls at Kathe Navajos. Archeological and We iheril l men. 256 pages LAND OF ROOM EN OUGH AN D The story of Monument Valley. Glore. Hard cover. Many photos. INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE. W. Pautho ritative U.S. Arm y manual thathe hundreds of differen t hand sicover. 443 pages, l imited pri nt inTHE CAHUILLA IN DIA NS . Harry Cof the Indians who lived in the Plife in a desert land makes this stuCalifornia ns. Halfton es, illustrated WO VOK A, THE INDIAN MESSIAAmerica paid in blood for their praying, peace-loving Paiute messiI FOUGHT WITH GERON IMO. Jaschronicle by an Apache who wasmuch of the wild warfare of the ture is mixed with interesting obsophy of the tribesmen Betzinez kSPIN A SILVER DOLLAR. Alberta Navajoland is the sett ing for thisFour color illustratio ns by the NaTHE HOPI INDIA NS . Harry C. on the Hopi Mesas by a man adopPEOPLE OF THE EARTH. Edw in the colorful background of the BThe clash of the red men and whAmerican Southwest IND IAN USES OF NATIVE PLANhandy reference booklet about hwith special guide as to the use


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1960-61 Winter Schedule

D e s e r t M a g a z i n eA R T G A L L E R Y

/ / / Hwy. I l l , Palm Desert, Calif., mid-way between Palm Springs and Indio / / /Gallery hours: 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., everyday of the week including Sundays / / /No admission charge / / /. . . cordially invites the art-lovingpublic to attend these one-manshows . . . NOVEMBER 5-31

DAVID VILLASENOR . . .art ist with sand, faithfullyreproducing the sacred artsymbols of Southwest Indi-ans in colored sand.AND

special showing of the worksof Indian artists BEATIENYAZZ, HARRISON BEGAY,FRANK VIGIL.Dec. 1 - Jan. 5JOHN HILTONJan. 6 - Feb. 2BILL BENDERan dMOGENS ABEL

M . Feb. 3 - March 2MARJORIE REEDMarch 3 - Apri l 5R. BROWNELL McGREWApri l 6-May 15BURT PROCTER

uuC HIDDEN TREASURESGOLD, SILVER, PRECIOUS METALS with I h . Panww Modt l27 M.lol D.t.ttor.Lightweight, ultra-nntitlvt, lawc m . N o n . fhwr. Alia GEIGFR COUNTERS fo r uranium an d t h . VIOUTE for tungi ten. INFORMATION FREE .

INSTRUMENTS,Ol t tn Cop i ed Never ExcelledM E T A L D E T E C T O R S

More accurate, it's' the first metal detectordesigned specifically for detecting placergold, nuggets, and other small metal ob-jects. Depth range 7 feetcomes complete,ready to use.MODEL 27instructions included $119.95MODEL 711with 21 ft. depth range $138.50

F ro m C o n g re s s to K i n g mI n T w o H o u r s ~ O r

By THOMAS LESUREDesert Magazine's Arizona Travel Corresp

STATE 93the so-called Kingman cut-off between Phoenix and Las Vegasmay be the shortest route betweenthese two Southwestern vacation capitals,bu t it's mighty long on diverse sightseeingand outdoor fun. As such, it deserves morethan just the zip-trip that many motoristsgive it.The route begins a few miles west ofCongress, northwest of Wickenburg. Besure your car's gas tank is full (thoughthere's a gas station at Wikieup abouthalf-way along the 120 mile road); chancesare you'll want to make numerous side-trips along the way. Within minutes, thehighway barrels through one of the few(and best) Joshua tree forests in Arizona.In the background, rugged mountain escarp-ments rear skyward while occasional flat-bedded arroyos across the road show prom-inent streaks of black sand which, gold-seekers claim, is one pointer toward thatprecious ore.About 25 miles along, the road swingsacross the Santa Maria River (which cutsthrough a steep-walled canyon loaded withmighty rock formations in the distance)and twists up past rocks jumbled andweathered into fantastic shapes. The hori-zontwisted, cracked and savagely ham-mered into rugged peakslooms in sharpcontrast to such bucolic scenes as cattledocilely grazing beside the road.Typical desert roads amble off into thecacti-dotted hills. One leads to the coppermining town of Bagdad; others meander toformer mining camps and ghost towns likeAlamo, Rawhide, Signal and Yucca. Then,plunging dramatically, the highway plum-mets into the gorge formed by Burro Creek.Around hereif you like rockhunting

you may uncover such items as Apachetears, agate, carnolite, jasper and opalite.Snaking up again, the road affords dra-matic views of the gorge, then tosses in asurprise with narrow Kaiser Springs Canyonand formations resembling a miniatureGrand Canyon in the making. Arid rangecountry now takes over the scenery, and

The last lapinto U. S. hiseveral other tCorrals," or eused by cowhaoperations likeeach passing yof once buoyacross the junivistas of open laden Cerbat and finally thman on U. S. The drive ca or two daysyour money init, in a rushof hours is pother hand, ifcan't buya ments, fun anfigure on takigreater than anhallsand it'sArizona's NArizona State tative dates) GCounty Fairgrbus tour to HePhoenix (tranlodging: $36.7Club Informatinix). 26-27Florence.If you're upested in theNational Livestbe r 4-13.

,/ToLTo LAS VEGAS\KINGMA


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DEER ON TH E DEB y

E D M U N D C . J A E G E R , D . S c .author of "DESERT WILDFLOWERS,""THE CALIFORNIA DESERTS," "OURDESF.RT NEIGHBORS," "THE NORTH

AMERICAN DESERTS" DEER ON THE desert! Soundsstrange to most people, even topermanent desert dwellers, who,like so many, take it for granted thatdeer are animals only of the brush-covered or pine-clad mou ntains. Butthe desertsat least certain oneshave their deer, some all the time,others at least temp orarily. The deserttrough known as Owen's Valley whichlies between the High Sierra and theprecipitous somewhat lower and muchdrier Inyo Range has visitations ofCalifornia Mule Deer during late aut-umn when the animals leave the coldstorm-swept Sierra and move eastwardin considerable numbers to find a tem-porary home in the warmer brush-covered Inyos. The migrations maylast several days. In the spring thereis a spectacular return mass migration.But these deer are only desert visitants,and can hardly be called desert deni-zens since their actual home is in thehigh mountains to the west.

But the variety of the CaliforniaMule Deer (O docoileus hemionus er-emicus) known because of its biggerears and heavier, larger body as theBurro Deer ("Cuervo" to the Mex-icans) is quite a different an imal. Itis a year-ro und de sert resident. Th edeserts of Pima and Yuma countiesalong the lower Colorado River inmid-western Arizona and far-easternImperial and Riverside counties inCalifornia, where the heat of summer

mainland aloHe found thadeer for foodThe Calitouches on country alonrado DesertLower Califference in stwo is at onClavigero,(1731-1787)stalking of dfornia aborigwith the ai

disguise, anBaja Califoreports the with grass not often usperennial vesparse in thning fires.That theswere alreadyin PapagolMountains ofact that neTrails in Meday (Campfwho well eand 1906, mseph GrinneBirds of thsays that he

at the time1910. Sincto have beebers, but thscarce animseen in Calgenerally fo


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small side washes, concealing them-selves under brush or the small treesthat may grow there. Because of theirsmall numbers, their tracks and trails(except near waterholes) are seldomnoticed. I remem ber on a num ber ofoccasions seeing their large tracks,along with the smaller spore of jave-linas, in the mud near several springsin the Gila-Mohawk Mountain area ofArizon a. Progression, except whenwalking, is generally by a series ofmost graceful bounds, all four feetleaving the ground simultaneously.Over short distances this pace is veryrapid.In dry months the animals like todrink daily (mostly at night) at theseepages and springs. When succulentgreen food is plentiful, they may drinkonly every third day.During pairing time in January thebucks are exceedingly pugnacious andquarrel fiercely over the few does. Thestronger older animals are of course

the successful breeders, and this tendsto keep the stock strong.The ordinarily large antlers of themales usually are dropped in lateMarch or April. Quite soon new onesbegin to form, hidden, of course, bythe velvet. When the seasons are ex-ceedingly dry, the antlers are smallerthan usual in size. Older bucks (5 to8 years) begin to have smaller antlersand these adornments continue to de-cline in size and total pound-weight asyears go on. Accord ing to Dr . A.Starker Leopold of U.C.'s Museum ofVertebrate Zoology, the full impressive

rack of 10 points is achieved in thethird or fourth year.Nature, we rightly say, is very wise.The fawns are not dropped until afterthe summer rains begin in July and

August when there is a new crop ofgrasses and annuals as well as newtender twigs on which the animals canfeed and make extra supplies of milk.This is somewhat later than whenmountain - dwelling Mule Deer givebirth to fawns.If winter and spring feed has beenplentiful, the does may have twinfawns, but usually only one is born.The young stay with the motherthrough out the first year. The spotsso characteristic of young deer aresaid to be retained only until lateSeptember or October.At somewhat higher elevations andfeeding on chaparral of the pinyon-juniper woodlands, arid desert flats orrocky hills of southern New Mexico,

the Big Bend area of Texas and adja-cent similar areas in the states of Chi-huahua, Coahila and Durango of Mex-ico, is another kind of pale - coatedMule Deer known as Desert MuleDeer, Crook's Mule Deer or GrayMule Deer (O docoileus hemionuscrooki). Its general habits are muchlike those of the Burro Deer.About the only animal the Burro

and Crook's Desert Deer must fear ispredatory gun-toting man . The coy-otes kill very few and then it is mostlythe diseased or starving animals thatfall prey to them. My friend GaleMonson of the Fish and Wildlife Serv-ice writes me from Yuma that insouthwestern Arizona the mountainlion is just about absent from DesertMule Deer country."We have only one record of alion killing a deer on the Kofa GameRangeand this was an old torn whowas trapped in 1944 after killing anumber of bighorn sheep as well asdeer. I don 't think they come any-

APPR- 1. 2.

about 20 deeof his final daber of deer weclosed the cocould not get morning at dagain to his count, he foufence waiting to open the gagot out of hiran over him finally opened

The two gdeer are hunteof the range bherds. "OversLeopold in Wildlife of Meearly date ." 1884-5 in thenortheastern ano Montera, killed 400 Deing both buck

Unfortunatemit and encoufine deer, eveare so small; attention to redeer wheneveaffords the oder Mearns iMexican BouStates, wrote occurred "in California durNo such numb


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J u b ile e P a s s - a n d t h eD e a t h V a lle y E n c a m p m e n t

By LUCILE W EIGHTDesert M agazine'sCalifornia Travel Correspondent

D EATH VALLEY this month especiallywill be the goal of many thousands,for the Death Valley 49ers Encamp-ment, Nov. 10-13, will be marked bythe dedication of the Visitor Center-Mu-seum of Death Valley National Monument,just north of Furnace Creek Ranch. . . AndJubilee Pass may be a new and pleasantroute for those who usually enter the Val-ley by better-known highways.With that event as our goal, this tripbegins at one ghost lake and ends in an-other. The starting point is Baker, on U.S.Highway 91/466. Soda Lake south of Ba-ker and Silver and Silurian lakes north ofit, are the remnants of ancient Lake Mo-have. The ghost lake at the Death Valleyend of the tripLake Manlyis a muchgreater one, with which the southern lakeswere connected.Driving today along Silver Lake, it seemsfantastic that this area once was coveredwith water, 40 feet above the present drylake surface. Now , an annual rainfall ofmore than three to five inches is unusual.But thousands of years ago, when giant

glaciers in the Sierras were feeding a streamwhich flowed all the way to Death Valley,water also reached the Valley from SanBernardino Mountains via Mojave River,and this Lake Mohave corridor connectedwith the Amargosa River and hence intoLake Manly which covered much of DeathValley.The Silver dry lake of today is about 12or 13 square miles in area, but its ghostlyancestor covered 75 to 100 square miles.Past levels are indicated by wave-cut cliffs

kFURNACECR.J\RANCHi,, ':i, '.:. ^DEAT^H VALLEY JCT.

and terraces, beach lines and sand spits,best preserved on the west and northwest.Discovery that ancient man lived aroundthe lake perhaps 15 to 20 thousand yearsa g o , was made by Mr. and Mrs. WilliamCampbell of Twentynine Palms and Mr.and Mrs. Charles Amsden of the SouthwestMuseum, Los Angeles. The artifacts wereprimitive hammer stones, choppers, scra-pers, knives and others which predate ar-rowheads and metates. They were fash-ioned of the same materials which todaydraw rockhounds to this part of the Mojave.

Silver Lake has been "silver" instead ofits usual brownish clay within recent times,with floods in 1908, 1916 and 1938. The1908 flood hit the To nopa h & TidewaterRailroad, completed only the year beforefrom Ludlow on the Santa Fe line to GoldCenter, at Bullfrog and R hyolite. Some ofthe rails were nine feet under water; a newsection had to be built. Even part of thetown of Silver Lake, where the railroadhad a depot and telegraph office, had to bemoved. Borax Smith, with Wash Cahilland John Ryan as chief assistants, had builtthe road primarily to reach the Lila Cborax mine, after Calico Hills borax dwin-dled, then extended the railroad to servesouthern Nevada towns. If we had beenhere in 1905-07 we would have seen cloudsof dust billowing as mule teams pulled thegraders and hauled wagonloads of ties andrails. Over 1000 men and as many mulesat a time were working. The T&T wentout of existence with World War II, whensteel went into the war effort and ties wentto build homes, cafes, a motel and otherdesert buildings. Now only the embank-ment and scattered ties are seen east of thehighway.

With the passing of the T&T, the com-munity of Silver Lake also virtually ended,although it had lost its postoffice by 1927.But in boom days it was a busy crossroadssupply center for numerous brief-lived min-ing camp s. One such was Crackerjack, in

had alreadyLos Angele49ers enternatural waytheir compacut" to CaliThe modwide bed omakes a U-on its way Soon you reHot Springsan Indian prospectors, climate andZabriskie yond, are Mining Co.,The borax dBecause suValley werenot crystallishut down iferred here. in summer spot for harthey'll bemiles away. you may wafor the tinyin the clay from the roA surprisShoshone byDespite a swimming ptiful Death retains the Cabins are a

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Do youH a v e a MemorableDesert ExperienceThat YouWould Like ToShare With Others?Announcing a new-contest for DesertMagazine readers .

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Once again Desert Magazine in-vites you to participate in thetelling of the Southwest storyby relating your most memora-ble personal experience on thedesert. There is no subject mat-ter limitation adventure, hu-man interest, exploration, wild-life, inspirationso long as thestory has a desert setting, andal l the contest requirements aremet.This contest is restricted tothose whose writing has notappeared in Desert Magazineduring the past four years (sinceissue of Nov., 1956). All manu-scripts must be typewritten onone side of the sheet only;double spaced; wide margins.

the odor of arrowweed pervades the air,oldtimers still talk mining.About two miles north, leaving Highway127, turn left on a surfaced road whichtakes you over two passes between the Ibexand Black Mountains to Ashford Junction,

just over 25 miles away. After climbing toSalsberry Pass, over 3300 feet elevation,you start dropping, enter Death Valley Na-tional Monument 14.6 miles from ShoshoneJunction, and go over Jubilee Pass at 20.3miles.Magnificent views of the ranges that en-close Death Valley are with you all theway from Ashford Junction to FurnaceCreek Junction, 43.8 miles away. Andthere are many other interesting thingscloser at hand. Such as the Ashford Millruins, 1.9 miles north of the junction. Thethick concrete mill foundations and assayand utility buildings were built about 1914,after discovery over 50 years ago of theAshford Mine in the Black Mountains. Arock trail leads up toward this mine, andfrom part way up you have a fine viewlooking down at the ruins on the east edgeof the Amargosa riverbed, backed by thelow Confidence Hills, with the pale-coloredOwlsheads rising beyond.And at the river is Shoreline Butte, toremind you that you are again at a ghostlake. This dark basalt hill rises 600 feetfrom its base, and a careful look will revealabout six terraces cut by the waters ofLake Manly.As the road continues north it staysabove the level of the 20 Mule Team route.Before reaching Furnace Creek you passsome of Death Valley's widely publicizedspots Badwater, left; right branch toNatural Bridge; left to Salt Pools; left to

Devil's Golf Course; right to Gold Canyondrive.Finally you reach Death Valley's newestattraction, the Visitor Center - Museumwhich is due to be dedicated Nov. 12 at10 a.m. The project initiated in 1954 byDeath Valley 49ers, was boosted by dona-tion of 50 acres by U. S. Borax. State andfederal appropriations provided money forbuildings, while the State Division of Parksand Beaches was in charge of construction.The museum will house man

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