By Ping Hu

Symptoms

• Symptoms often include sickness and inflammatory problems for a long period of time, brown spots on the cheeks, thick and bloody fluid that built-up in their lungs, and the discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen intake that caused killed many patients through suffocation.

• Patients also experienced terrible nose bleed. As a Navy nurse, Josie Brown, wrote, “They would have terrific nosebleeds with it. Sometimes the blood would just shoot across the room. You had to get out of the way or someone's nose would bleed all over you.”

• Those who experienced severe symptoms from the flu had massive acute pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema.

Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Statistics

• Cities like Chicago and San Francisco banned funeral sessions.

• Not knowing much details about the flu, government officials decided to close down dance halls, public and private schools, libraries, YMCA, ice cream parlors, candy stores, and even churches.

• Officials had also tried to enforce regulations that eventually prohibited people from spitting and coughing in the public.

• More than one billion dollars were spent in search for vaccination to treat the drug involving reverse genetics.

Works Cited

• "Bubonic Plague." Infoplease. Infoplease. 2002. Web. 05 Mar. 2012.

• Duncan, Kirsty. Hunting the 1918 Flu: One Scientist’s Search for a Killer Virus. 1st ed. Toronto: University of Toronto. 2006. Print.

• Galvin, John. “Spanish Flu Pandemic: 1918. Popular Mechanics. Popular Mechanics, 31 July 2007. Web. 27 February 2012.

• Graham-Rowe, Duncan. “Racing against the flu.” Nature (07 December 2011): page S2-S3. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 27 February

2012.

• Hemagglutinin. YouTube. Garland Science, 22 Apr. 2009. Web. 27 Feb. 2012.

• Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, and Tokiko Wantanabe. “Pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus.” PLoS Pathogens (2011): Health Reference

Center Academic. Web. 27 February 2012.

• Nabili, Siamak T. "Pulmonary Edema." Ed. Stöppler, Melissa Conrad. WebMD. MedicineNet. Web. 01 Mar. 2012.

• Paulano. "Memoirs of a 1918 Spanish Flu Survivor." Web log post. Paulano Wordpress. Paulano, 04 May 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2012.

• "Pulmonary Hemorrhage." UCSF Children's Hospital. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2012.

• Rosenberg, Jennifer. “1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic.” About.com 20th Century History. New York Times Company, 01 August 2011. Web. 27

February 2012.

• White, Matthew. "Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls." Twentieth Century Atlas. Necrometrics, 2011. Web. 04 Mar. 2012.

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