125 124 Eatern Africa

19 RECORDS OF MAJI MAJI THE MAJI MAJI REBELLION 1905-1907 On a fateful morning in Ju~v 1905 Ihe men ofJlatumni illwulhetlst lillganlika rebelled tlf(tlillsI the German administration of Gmnan East Afrim Tnty had belll fon-ed kl Arab gotenlllenl agents akidas to cultivate ronon for negligible rllKes 10 the lIeKlerl of their own subsislellle cultivations A stateless sode~I the Jatumbi resented Ihe (1lIholllari(11 illposition of rolial rule which sought to draft them into the colonial erollomir order lilhollt a traditional SllllIlre of rentralized leadership the lIatumbi resistanre mllied (IvUlld the pl7lphel Iinjikilile jruall ampho possessed by the spirit ofHOIlf(O a subordinate to llollm Iht prillllpal deity ofIhe slad(ss peoples of southern lanfanyika berame Ihe lo(us of KliftlltaS ftnOJe loyalt he illwn hI distributinf sarred ampater maji tlrmmpanied kl tI 11111al ftnOJf J~rins appear to haL IfJlIe from the Southern Sudan (1(1 rmiddothich ampould 1JIIlIItee Ihe illSIIIKellts pmlertion agaillsI Ihl bullets ofthe European rijles (nder the leadership of Iinjikitile ho tonk the title of1l0kel7l Inl rult knOfll)n in history as Jlaji Ilaji swepl throuKh sOlllhern lillKallyika IIonilizillg Ihe disparate dans afainst the Gmnan administration IIl1til ruthlessll slIppressed in 1907 11lsaga ofthis African rrsistance is reconled in the ampritinfs (lIIdlllemories of the participants I

Our news is this that the Germans very hard especially the taxes because

treat us badly and oppress us much beshy we black people have no money our wealth consists of millet maize oil and cause it is their will groundnuts etc Here at Chiwata two

So wrote an eifhteen-year-od srhoo~rirl houses have been built one for the court

from Chiwata in southern illzania in 1898 and one for the prison

Thirteen years before Gmnan (llA-enturers had daimed a protertomte ill fast vrira This ampas the situation throufltollt SOlllhe1

They had foufht their way illlmlfl (tong the lanzania at Ihe turn of the renturl III

raravan routes establishing gtlrrisons of JI atumni north-weSl of Iiwa the Ge1IlIIIS

askari at key points recof(nising or deposinf appointed an agent to rule In 1897 he deshy

tribal leaders and creatinf an administrashymanded that the Jlatumbi should pay hilll

tion of subordinate staff mll1 akidas and tax Tltey refused jumbes By Ihe late 189(ls lillzania was an

Then when that European arrived he orcupied rountry asked Why did you not answer the call

Here at Chiwata there is a court every by drum to pay tax And they said We do not owe you anything We have noWednesday and many people are beaten debt to you If you as a stran~er want to

German Government But we who have stay in this country then you will have to and some are imprisoned by order of the

ask us Then we will ask of you an offershy

selves find the laws of these Germans ing to propitiate the gods ou will offer something and we will propitiate the gods on your behalf we will ~ive yoU

for so lon~ been used to govern ourshy

From Reconis of he Iloji Iloji Ri illg cds G land and you will get a place to stay in C K Gwassa and John Iliffc (airobi Eas[

African Publishing Housc 1967) HislOrical But it is not for us as hosts to ~ive you the Associa[ion ofl1mzania Papcr -0 4 pp 3shy offering That is quite impossible30 I RfCOrris oftile Iloji lloji Rising has bcen elucishydared bv [he editors so rather [han dele[e The Matumbi rrsisted and JIlt defeated [hcir edilOrial comments I hae rc[ained Soon afterwards lite Germans began to sffi[hem 10 make [he rccords [hcmschcs more meaningful Rober[ O Collins cd profit from south-eastern Tanunia by fOlrill~

Record of Mall Mall

the people to f(row cosh crops for export to Europe A few Gennan settlers established cotton plantations in l~atutnbi amphile smaller plots were laid out by Ihe jumbes and akidas The Matumbi were forced to work in Ihe fields and their hatred greamp

The cultivation of cotton was done by turns Every village was allotted days on which to cultivate at Samanga Ndumbo and at the Jumbes plantation One pershyson came from each homestead unless there were very many people Thus you might be told to work for five or ten days at Samanga So a person would go Then after half the number of days another man came from home to relieve him If the new man did not feel pity for him the same person would stay on until he finished It was also like this at the Jumbes If you returned from Samanga then your tum at the Jumbes remained or if you began at the Jumbes you waited for the tum at Samanga after you had finished No woman went unless her husband ran away then they would say she had hidden him Then the woman would go When in a village a former clan head [Jlpindoj was seized to go to cultishyvate he would offer his slave in his stead Then after arriving there you all suffered very greatly Your back and your buttocks were whipped and there was no rising up once you stooped to dig The good thing about the Germans was that all people were the same before the whip If a jumbe or akida made a mistake he received the whip as well Thus there were people whose job was to clear the land of trees and undergrowth others tilled the land others would smooth the field and plant another group would do the weeding and yet another the picking and lastly others carried the bales of cotshyton to the coast beyond Kikanda for shipshyping Thus we did not know where it was taken Then if that European gave OUt some bakshishi to the akida or jumbe they kept it We did not get anything In addition people suffered much from the

cotton which lOok three months (10

ripen) and was picked in [he fourthmiddot Now digging and planting were in the months of Ntandatu and Nchimbi and this was the time of very many wild pigs in this country If you left the chasing of the pigs to the woman she could not manage well at night In addition they [the pigs) are very stubborn at that period and will not move even if you go within very close range Only very few women can assist their husbands at night and these are the ones with very strong hearts There were just as many birds and if you did not have children it was necesshysary to help your wife drive away the birds while at the same time you cleared a piece of land for the second maize crop because your wife would not have time And during this period they still wanted you to leave your home and go to Sashymanga or to work on the jumbes plantashytion This was why people became furious and angry The work was asshytonishingly hard and full of grave suffershying but its wages were the whip on ones back and buttocks nd yet he [the Gershyman) still wanted us to pay him tax Were we not human beings And Wamatumbi especially the Wawolo [highlanders) since the days of old did not want to be troubled or ruled by any person They were really fierce ah Given such grave suffering they thought it better for a man to die rather than live in such torment

Thus they hated the nile which was too cruel It was not because of agriculture not at all If it had been good agriculture which had meaning and profit who would have given hlmself up to die Earlier they had made troubles as well but when he began to cause us to cultivate cotton for him and to dig roads and so on then people said This has now become an absolute ruler Destroy him

A settler named Steinhagen-Bwana Kinoo-owned the cotton plantation at Sashymanga This is hoamp the work ampas organised

Recorda of Mall Mall 127126 Eastern Africa

report [0 the District Officer Only once The last payment to the headmen

suffering We the labour conscripts tained as to the crop to be grown So far Durin~ the cultivation there was much sible the advice of the natives was obshy

a year did a European visit the plots [0 and people [Ook place early in Ocrober measure them out and select the land 1903 following the distribution plan ofstayed in the front line cultivating Then as possible one crop was to be grown Oil

behind us was an overseer whose work it each plot according [0 the type of soil No lists of workers were kept anvwhere 1902-03

was to whip us Behind the overseer Some Zooo acres were cleared and culti [he profits were distributed only accordshy No subsequent distribution took

there was a jumbe and eery jumbe vated The size varied from ZYz to ) ing to the total numbers Work on most place

stood behind his fifty men Behind the acres the average was about lZY acres of the plots was flal(V refused durin 1904--05 The headmen complained that Forred cullivalion of unprofitable msn line of jumbes stood Bwana Kinoo himshy In 1903-04 it was ordered that each

self Then behold death there And village plot should be extended by l[ they no longer had the people in hand (rops was a mmiddotitlespread$nean(e in soutnern The officials of the Commune belieed fanzania but il was nOltlte only one f(Itthen as you till the land from beJinninJ least a quarter The total area in that car

to end your footprints must not be seen came to 3ZIS acres rlaize millet simshy at the time that thev could detect a state area nad its own sulferin$s TnI Ilatumbi

save those of the jumbe And that Seshy sim groundnuts rice chiroko and Ct) of ferment for example nated the Am aiitas and tlte asiari wnom tne Gennfllls sel o[er tnemlemani the overseer had a whip and he conut palms were grown durinJ 1902shy

was extremely cruel His work was to OJ Cotton was added in 1903-IH Were refractory workers punished and Another reason again had its origin inwhip the conscripts if they rose up or No extension took place in 1904-05 by whom ruling that was the second reason thetried to rest or if they left a trail of their but the cultivation of other crops IS

rule of Arabs which arose from the Gershyfootprims behind them Ah brothers abandoned in favour of cotton Last year (1904-05) following reports man Government when it ruled thisGod is great-that we have lived like this from the akidas and from Sergeant country and brought Amb akidas Since is Gods Providence And on the other What was the labour situation and the Holzhausen who was sent to inspect the the days of old Wamatumbi had refused side Bwana Kinoo had a bamboo stick If supervision headmen numerous headmen were to be ruled Those Arabshad failed in the men of a certain jumbe left their punished by the District Office with imshy

footprints behind them that jumbe According to returns by thc hcadmiddot the past to penetrate into this countfmiddot prisonment in chains or solitary conshy

because thev had been completelywould be boxed on the ears and Kinoo men [he number of able-bodied men finement for totally neglecting their ilshybarred frum coming to capture people to would beat him with the bamboo stick amounted to lage plots as a result of the natives enslave them But when [hey got work as using both hands while at the same time refusal [0 work The last in June was akidas they began to seize people and Selemani lashed out at us labourers 190Z-0-) c 2500 men headman Kibasila who got one month in reduce them to slacf in fact [hey pracshy1903-04 c Z6OOO men chains tised complere fraud and extortion and TIlerI were furOpUtll planlers in 1904--05 e ZSooo men tortured (hem unjustly Thus there was JialUlnbi bUI elstfJrltere ionK lite sOlilltem

What were the financial returns one akida at Kibata another akida at(()(lsI caslt crops were KroUn on rotnlltunal During the last year women and chilmiddot Chumo another akida at liteja anotherplols superoised by akidas ond Iteatlnen dren had to be brought in to help since

902-LI3 lotal receipts Shs akida at Kinjumbi and one at Samanga Time plols were eSlablislted ImUun J902 the men frequently refused to work IShillings I 25580 An African akida was the YolO atand 9LI5ry European-rontrolleddistrict tleshy In Herr von Geiblers opinion twO Gives an acrJge Kitambis And an akida of the tribe oftelOpfRtnl commlftes rolled Communes days work a week as proposed by thc

per headman Shs the Bajuni a person from Lamu wasfwo officials oflite Dar es Salaam Commune District Office order was insufficient 4775 there ar Ngarambi Now all these opshydescribet Itorr lite plots rmiddotere olf(aniSf(1 in from the start S()-IOO per cent more had

per worker 35 pressed the amatumbi ef much beshyto be worked from the first When cotton cents cause they now had their opportunit

UrarOlno became a main crop continuous work

90J-(I-I Very bad harvest as a reshy Thus when the rroubles of ~Iaji 1lajiWhen and how were the village plots was sometimes necessary sult of started they (the Wamatumbil immeshyorganised The akidas were relied upon to reporpound Total receipts Shs diately joined saying We had betteron the condition of the plots and they 17528 from 178 plots join so that we can drie off those enshyVillage plots were set up in each were also responsible for punishing [hose totalling 3170 acres emies in order thar we may get hapshyakidas and headmans area early in 1902 whom the headmen reported as rdrilcshy178 head men and piness(September-October) Bushland was tory workers There was no Europeiln 26 Hl6 workers weremainly chosen The people were conshy control of this--who among the naties engaged in production There was every kind of sufferinsulted in choosing the post Each headshy worked and for how manv das-ill shy1lode of distribution The askari were a calamity au carried a man made a plot for his area in the though agricultural studens (~me of

Yz to workers heavy load He did nor assess yourneighbourhood of his headquarters The them children) were sent out each with I~ to commune strength to carry the load If it were too principle was that every 30-50 men were a note-book to judge the condidon of Y~ [0 headmen heavy for vou you carried it until you

to cultivate ZYz acres Where posmiddot the plots and the work performed and [0

Recorda of Majl Majl 129128 Eastern Africa and tltatltis medirine---tlte mtlji oftlte risings cecc chern from famine and sickness and died Then when the asRari was within Tlte people Illaited and suftred (onsiol name---wtls stronger titan jlturopttln weapmiddot would especially procecc che fieldsdistance he sene a bullec co che nearesc of tlteir disuni~I and tlte military stm~ftli Of ons His tearlting spread among tlte people againsc devascacion by wild pigs Ie guarshyjumbe On receiving chac bullec che tlteir rulers Tlten in tlte year 19(1-1 ~ living around tlte River Rufiji It rearlted tlte aneeed a good harvesc so chac in future jumbe had [0 fecch a very beauciful propltet arose His nome was Kinjilitilt Jatumbi tltrouglt a fJ2ltispering rampaign people would no more need [0 performwoman and slaughcer a chicken or goac Aear Itis Itome at Ngarambt tltere was fI pOol tltev called Njw~vfJ2ila wage labour for foreigners in order [0for him Wichour chese chings he would in a tributary of tlte Rif)er Rufiji Ainjilililt

obcain accusromed luxuries (clochbe in crouble All people were barbarians was possessed by tlte spirit Hongo wlto dUr1 Njwiywila meam secrec communicashy beads ecc) Finally-and here meneion co che askari A small mistake would be in tlte pool

tion such as ac a secrec meecing Ac chac was made only of che warfare cus[Omary punishable wich cweney-the scrokes cime if you liscened [0 Ijwiywila you between nacives-che medicine wouldHe was caken by an evil spiric one d~I paid one pice Thac was che meaning of also give invulnerabilicy accing in such a in che morning ac abouc nine omiddotc1ockmiddot Njwiywila The message in Njwiywila way chac enemy bullecs would fall fromBeltind till tltese pOrirultlr Krieranffs loy Everyone saw ic and his children and was like chis This year is a year of war cheir cargecs like raindrops from atlte fort ofalien rule wives as well They were basking ouc for chere is a man ac Ngarambe who has greased body Ie would screngchenside when chey saw him go on his bc I 1 been possessed-he has Lilungu Why women and children for che flighc cusshyAll chese are words chac buzz like his hands screcched our before him Because we are suffering like chis and [Omary in wartime wich che associaced bees If you had experienced ic you They cried [0 gec hold of his legs and pull because we are oppressed by che hardships and privacions and proceccwould have known how grave ic was 10 him buc ic was impossible and he cried akidas We work wichouc paymenc chern from being seized by che vic[Orious be chained co be shoc wich bullecs in che ouc chac he did noc wane (co be pulled There is an expert ac Ngarambe co help anackers who were accus[Omed [0 cakecrown of ones head and in ones chesc back) and chac chey were hurting him us How There is Jumbe Hongo This women and children wich chern as booeywhile in addicion you carried loads as che Then he disappeared in che pool of Njwiywila began ac Kikobo amongsc che The medicine consisced ofwacer maize greac eye of heaven rose up Alas such wacer He slepc in chere and his relacics Kichi for chey were ery near Kinshy and sorghum grains The wacer was apshywas life and chose iron chains were slepc by che pool overnighc aicing tir jikicile Ic spread [0 ilwengei and plied ac Ngarambe by pouring ic over che many-he made chern in his own counshy him Those who knew how [0 swim Kipacimu and co Samanga Buc che peomiddot head and by drinking Ie was also handedcry Bener remove such suffering fighc dived down ineo che pool buc chcy did pie of Samanga did nor believe quickly our in small bamboo scems [0 be hunghim off so chac che loads are carried by noc see anyching Then chey said If he Ie spread quickly chroughour ilatumbi round che neck The women were [0 secche askari chemselves is dead we will see his body if he has coune~ and beyond In che message of che grains in che fields chey culcivaced in

been caken by a beasc or by a spiric of chc Njwiywila was also che informacion chac order [0 obcain a good harvesc and keep

Bener rtmOfJe sudl su(frrinK-IJllt Itou wacers we shall see him returned dead or chose who wem co Ngarambe would see away che wild pigs The men were [0 pur

fJ2OS tltis to be done Ite Gtrmtlns Ittld deshy alive So chey waiced and che following cheir dead ancescors Then people began one of each sort ineo che powder of each

feated ff-ery tribe IIttltltod rtsisted tlteir intoshy morning ac abour nine oclock again hc going [0 Ngarambe [0 see for chemshy shoc chus achieving accuracy of aim

sion Tlte tribes wert small and ditided Tit) emerged unhurt wich his cloches d~ and selves The business appeared complecely

Itod no fJ2topons to molrlt tlte lifts of tlte as he had tucked chern che previous dJ harmless and was unders[Ood in a racher

Genntln troops Afcer returning from chere he began cllkmiddot Pilgrims began to jlock to Ngarambe ear~v hazy way by che many people who made

ing of prophecic maners He said 11 in 1905 A Gennan officer later described pilgrimage [0 che medicine man In no

They waiced for a long period because dead ancescors will come back chey are rAese pilgrimages He was probabry wrong to way secredy bur publicly and wichour

chey were afraid How could one clan ac Bokeros in Rufiji Ruhingo No lion or rAink tltev were engineered by a ronspiracy of ceremony greac crowds of people-some

face che Germans alone and noc be leopard will eac men We are all che cltiefs of as many as 300 adulcs were observedshy

wiped our There had [0 be many Sayyid Saids che Sa~Yids alone The made cheir way [0 che medicine man

song ran We are che Sayyids family The chiefs of che Matumbi and Kichi under che eyes of che Arabs Indians and

Ie is cme chey were ruled for a very alone Be ic an Mpogoro llkichi or Hills spread ic among cheir people chac a coascal people who were all lacer [0 sufshy

long time before chey rose in arms Matumbi we are all che Sayyid Saidmiddots spiric living in che form of a snake in che fer

againsc che Germans The problem was The lion was sheep and che European Pangani Rapids on che River Rufiji had

how [0 beac him really well Who would was red earth or fish of che wacer Lec us given a magic medicine [0 a medicine The Matumbi recall tlte joy wlticlt Kinshy

scart Thus chey waiced for a long cime beac him And he caughc two lions which man living in Ngarambe who had asshy jikitile inspired Tltev also recall lItattlte pilshy

because chere was no plan or knowledge he cechered wich a creeper and people sumed che cide Bokero (ineermediary bemiddot grims danced likindo--o dance ofwar

n-uly his praccices were bad Buc while danced Likinda before chose two lions tween men and che spiric) The medicine

chere were no superior weapons should They remained harmless Then woro of would free chose who possessed ic from Ie was like a wedding procession I cell

che people noc fear Everywhere elders chis new man spread afar all agricultural cares Further ic would you People were singing dancing and

were busy chinking Whac should we confer prosperity and healch would promiddot ululacing chroughour When chey arrived

~ do Kililitile tllUglt tAlIl Afrilaquolns wre ollt

130 eaatern Africa Recorda of Mall Mall 131 at Ngarambe they slept there and danced During that time they were dressed in should we wait Then the Africans pungu and his friends ran back into Iikinda everyone in his own group The their military auire called Ngumbalvo asked themselves How do we start the Kibata following morning they received medishy Further each one was told where [0 g~ or war How do we make the Germans anshycine and returned to their homes the day to start drilling Thus all gry Let us go and uproot their conan so There at Kibata they began to fight

gathered at Nandete for this type of that war may rise They fought for a whole week Then the From the beginning KinjiJitiles message Iikinda The song was entirely in riddles Arab ran out of ammunition His village

promised aid against European rule As tilt Thus the question what are you carryshy Only a few shoots of conan were afshy was surrounded by warriors Then those peoplt jI()CJtd to Ngarombt so Ihe militancy ing meant what do you want to do fected not the whole field jumbes who had gone to rescue him arshy0 the movtlllml gmRI Fina~v some lime The answer we are carrying peas Ngulumbalyo Mandai and Lindimyo ranged for his escape to Miteja and during I 90S KinjiJitile sent rqgtresenltJtives meant we are carrying bullets and Machela uprooted the first two shoots thence to Kilwa Then they plundered Ihrough tilt surrounding country to mObilise they used peas in their guns during drillshy Then Jumbe Mtemangani lof NandeteJ the shops and all property But KinshytJnd train Iht people To Nandelt in ing Creeping peas are those that sent a leuer [0 Kibata through his wife jikitile had [Old them not to plunder MtJlflmbi he smt a man fIlIIIose title was creep and it meant that they were Namchanjama Niponde She was to reshy That was their mistake MpoJosi marching to the battlefield Creeping port to the akida People of Nandete had

creeping-that was walking that is milshy refused to be sent by Mtemangani to 1 was lite lasl flaquoei 0lilly 1905 and lite The song of Mpokosi during likinda itary marching Destroy the red Kibata The people had returned home Jalumbi flaquore al war Tne ntflPs spretJd

was in the Ngindo language He used to earth-that meant tear the European to prepare for war We waited for the rapidly among lite people 0lite Rlljiji Valley take his fly-whisk and his calabash conshy apart or destroy him akida or his spies to come to Nandete who had already Iteard KinjiJililes message tainer for medicine and he went around Then we were ready War broke out Early in Auguslllte people of Kielti sOlllltem sprinkling them with medicine It was And as they returned from Nampuru Uzoramo weslern UUgUIll and Ungindo like military drilling with muzzle-loadshy to their camp they sang many times They heard that cotton had been upshy joined tlte war Walclting il spread lite Gershyers and under very strict discipline Let us fight him today They sang the rooted in Wolo INandetel The Arab at man Cltief Secrelary Iltougltl Ite delecled Thus Mpokosi would say same song as they marched to the batshy Kibata [Old Jumbe Kapungu to send his siilltd military planning

tlefield wife to investigate the reports of cotton Attention uprooting Jumbe Kapungu refused sayshy The development of the movement

ing If you have heard they have upshy was undoubtedly controlled in a logical What are you carrying promised them proltction agtJillSl European We are at attention KinjiJilile prrpartd tht peopleforwr He

rooted cotton you must realise that this is manner by good strategists tlany susshyWe are carrying peas wetJPons He oered them leadership the beginning of war So how can I send pect that discharged askari were behind Peas Peas of what type orgtJnistJlion unity But he lold Ihem nol 10 a woman [0 make enquiries So my it while others point [0 an Arab as the Creeping peas fipt lilliegtIVt tile order B JIlIy 19J5 no grandfather IKapungu) and my father leader The Acting District Officer of Creeping orrler htJd come and Ihe MtJlflmbi rtrtre i11lshy left for Wolo accompanied by others Kilwa believes that headman Abdalla

They went up to Mundi at Kulitas On Kitambi a Ngindo is to be seen as the seeing Kapungu Kulita told him to hide leading spirit His residence is at

And so on as they marched until At Ngarambe he told them The

Creeping patiml

himself for if the Matumbi heard he was Mtumbei at the south-western foot of Mpokosi ordered Germans will leave War will Start from there they would slaughter him At six in the Matumbi Hills near Hopfers cotton

up-country towards the coast and from the evening the Matumbi called on plantation I have been told that Abdalla Attention the coast into the hinterland There will Kulita and said We have heard that the was once an akida under Kilwa District We are at attention definitely be war But for the time being red earth is here Is this true Kulita Office and enjoyed great confidence Turn towards Donde country (inshy go and work for him If he orders you to denied it saying I cannot support the there Later on grounds unknown to

landl cultivate cotton or to dig his road or to red earth At the first cock Kulita esshy me he was removed from his office as (The warriors turned) carry his load do as he requires Go and corted Kapungu and his men back to akida At all events he possesses an Turn towards the black water [the remain quiet When I am ready I will Kibata But the Matumbi had caught accurate knowledge of German adminshy

ocean) declare the war Those elders returned wind that agents of the akida had come istrative methods and of the availability (They obeyed) home and kept quiet They waited for a So from Kipepele Hill onwards Kapungu and disposition of military and police reshyDestroy the red eanh long time Then the elders wondered was hody pursued by the Matumbi Near sources in Kilwa and the other coastal Destroy This mganga said he would declare war Mwando Hill Kapungu declared I canshy stadons The systematic manner in Destroy against the Germans Why then is he not go on running like a woman Here which the rising was planned and exshyDestroy delaying When will the Europeans go we will face them They fought for two panded over widely separated areas demshy

After all we have already received the hours until two in the afternoon Kashy onstrates how well the leaders knew the And so on as they advanced as if [0 shoot medicine and we are brave men Why pungus slave Manyanya fell dead Ka- disproportion between the real physical

132 Eastem Africa Recorda of Majl Majl laa resources of the administration and what to Zaramo conceptions only God himselt themselves had only spears Hongo then was being perverted by Hongo Then it had been in the habit of demanding and not Kolelo has unlimited power explained his troublesome teaching to Hongo gave orders that eery man must from the natives In my opinion the outshy over life and death It was later said that chem He said that he was a son of God anoint himself with his Usinga medicine break of the rising was made possible before the rising chief Kibasila of and that with his help they would be able anyone who refused was (0 be caught chiefly by the fact which can no longer Kisangire subsequently the main ring to defeat the Europeans fur he had a and killed People began to fear that they be doubted that the more perceptive leader in U7aramo was won tor their medicine which resisted thc penetration would be called witches and all the peoshyamong the coloured peoples had seen cause by the discontented spirits in the of their bullets and in fact they would ple of Kidodi and the people of Jumbe through and correctly weighed the govshy Matumbi Hills by a sham resurrection not be able to fire at all as their bullets Kulumzima went to Hongo to receive his emments bluff in holding whole tribes He was said to have first become full would turn inw water medicine When they had been anointed in check with a handful of men convinced of the rightness of the reh~1 All the Jumbes and old men went to with it he lay in the road and ordered

cause when they showed him a man who Ngwira Ithe Vidunda chief to tell him that everyone should jump over him TIlt Cltief Serrtlory wos probob~I misshy had seen a remarkable likeness to his that a great witch doctor Hongo had without touching him and if anyone

taken Tlte JtOples around tlte Ruiji stein to dead father come pound0 free them from the yoke of the touched him he should be killed ItlJt)e joined becouse mon were rlose~v reloted Europeans and they repeated Hongos Then Hongo expounded his taboos 10 lite lYolUmi ond sltored monv of tlteir Tlte movnnenlltod begun in onswer fJ In words to him lim Ngwira was ery angry which were as follows-No white magic grievonces ond tlteir religious beliefs for exshy religious messoxe of0 propltet 1Ite JOfl(r of when he heard these words for he realshy or witchcraft was to be performed no omple lite Zuromo belietled 11t01 tltt)middot musl lite moji-poGtr Offer Europeon fJrtOpOIIS~ ized that he was an impostor seeking to charms or medicines of any kind must be obey 0 spiril nomed Koltlo 0 messenxer of depended on religious foillt Andos lite IIWimiddot destroy the country Ngwira told them kept in their houses but all destroyed by God 1(onV itlenlied Koltlo willt tlte spiril menl expontied ooroy from tlte RIIiji liil(I that he had travelled pound0 Kilosa ~Ioshy fire No meat was to be eaten unless it Honxo by wltom Kinjikilile oros possessed tiurinx Auxust olld Sepfnnber it fJOS (~Itlin rogoro he had seen the ocean he had had been slaughtered by cutting the First Kolelo ontillten lite God orlto Itod senl comed by propltels Tlttse men collnl InllIIshy walked tolimga Dar es Salaam and Iabshy throat If anyone wanted meat he was to

Itim promised lite Zuromo victory selves Itonxo meSStNxers Tltey corried lItIti ora and everywhere he had seen the go into the bush catch rats and cut their wlticlt tltt) otilllinirumi to tlte people I n(~l strength of the Europeans Hongo must throat If it had not been cut at the throat

In the year 1905 Kolelo also conshy promised unity lIIld intulnerobilill IntI be driven right awav before he could deshy it was unlawful meat and must be thrown cerned himself with politics He (ie coiled on oil blotk men to rise oxoinsl FII1) Stroy the country The DC Kilosa was away It was against the law to drink natur-Jlly the Zar-amo who honour him) peon rule llteirr fJOS 0 revollltiolltIl1 or prepared to find them work so that they strong drink or beer of kimela because clearly decided that there were other more Octllr(te~I a millenniol IIIISJt~ff( (I would be able to get the money fur their these drinks had the colour of blood It needs to satisfy besides famine and so promise 10 rid lite fJord oftlte etiis (~l il(nmiddot tax and although it was certainly hard was strict forbidden to pertorm the the xenophobic movement of that year at croft onti EIIITJpell rule II is like~v fnalln( no good would come of trving to fight the marriage ceremonv until the war was first simply associated itself closely with people ofsoutltern fonzonio Itodlteonl wfh Europeans finished When a man met one of his

But the Jumbes and old men paid no friends his greeting must be PyuuKolelos name KoIeio had forbidden the millmnol teacltinxs before lit 011(1 tiS tilmiddot further payment of taxes to the white tocks on wtcltcroft S 0tlJ litis relil(ious mflishy attention [0 his wise words for they wcre Pyuu and the friend must answer the foreigners in mid July a great tlood tion wos mobilised axoinsl lite GenntllJ II bent on a course of lolly and they went to same words They must call Europeans would come and destroy all whites and lllOS 0 ftfollltionory messoge wtllIse (tIhmiddot the elders and relatives of ~gwira to pershy not Europeans but Warautumshytheir followers Later it was said that the lislted leoders orlto opposed il oftllI IOIlIlt suade them that they must convince Ngshy buchere because their stomachs must earth would open and swallow them that tltnnselves sorept ositle by tlte force ofpoputlr wira of the wisdom of lollowing Hongo be speared Every man that had been no bullets but only water would come belie Tlte followinx occount of0 Itonl(o ()lIIfJ His relatives refused at first tor they had anointed was to pay a present of three

been bought by the Europeans and reshy pence to Hongo Every man was to sewfrom the soldiers guns seen lions from 0 remoll oreo llt-idundo II is 11IIltIIshy

ceived much money but eventually they one pesa into the fold of his loincloth lor would come and destroy the enemy be pOllteric but it sltOflPS very c1eor~v lite lIIiIII too changed their minds this would sharpen his intelligence and not afraid Kolelo spares his black chilshy niol morocter oftlte movement

Hongo appointed himself chief of the to wear on his head a turban made from dren district In Vidunda there was a certain the leaves of a castor oil plant tied up Soon however other voices intershy In that year there arrived in the counshyArab trader and Hongo ordered that he with string and two stalks of mmmavened Now it was not Kolelo who cared try a certain man a great deceher called should be caught and beheaded as he because thus the Europeans would not for his children but God himself who Hongo Hongo asked the people was the servant of the Europeans He be able to see him had previously sent Kolelo Kolelo howshy whether they were prepared to sit down was wounded but slipped from the hands When Hongo saw that his strength wasever had not adequately fulfilled his under the European order to pay the tax of his enemies and ran awav to Ngwira increasing and that many people weretask so that God himself now appeared of three rupees every year and they anshywho hid him in his house and after a few following him he gathered them toshyClearly linked to his new situation was swered that they could not help themshydays sent him secretly to Kilosa to give gether to go and take Kilusa everything said at the time about the selves for how could they fight the Eushythe news to the DO that the country resurrection of the dead since according ropeans with their guns when they

135 134

nV tne end of AIIKllst tnt 1110telllenl nlld sprrod SOlllRords inlo lite Lllkllltdi Volley flNsWords 10 tile JlollmKe Plotoll ondllle volley ofIlle Aiombero itel)wllm tile milshylenniol messoKe was corned by II(JIIKO Rom Illey arrived in lndolnbo in Ille AilomJero Volley tIIey mel Ille Opposilion of Ille local cllit Undole

Bwana Undole heard of the approachshying war of Maji ~Iaji while he was staying at Kumwembe village The war had already reached tlngeta which was near Merera IUndoles capital hen the news was announced Lindole sent one of the elders to Ilngeta to investigate On arrival the envoy luckily met the people who had brought the maji medishycine The natives of Mngeta had already taken the maji and wore small pieces of reed on their heads They advised the visitor to take the maji as well But the visitor wanted first to know what was the meaning of drinking the maji They told him We drink this maji medicine so that European and local wars will not harm us If by bad luck war comes bulshylets and spears will not harm us Bullets and spears will not penetlJte our skins And they told him many more things in order to attract him The man liked their news and wished to get the medicine They told him If you want the medishycine you must pay two cents He paid the cents to those with the medicine for that was what it COSt After he had drunk the medicine they tied small pieces of reed around his head and made him wear one cent and told him he could return home That is the sign of comradeship When you reach home tell all the people that they must dress like you Those who will not dress like this will be taken for Swahili and will be killed He bade his hosts farewell and returned to Mershyera

When he arrived home he explained to his master all that he had seen Further he told him how the maji (omshyrades had promised to isit his country

eastern Africa

After Undole had been told the ncws the follOWing morning he called a mcetshying of all elders and courtiers and exshyplained to them the conditions regarding the maji When the heads of the COUntrv arrived he harangued them saying I d~) not want to hear that in my COUntry there are people who drink the majL Further I do not like to invite the maji carriers into my COUntry ~Iaji Ilaji is a sham medishycine brought by the Ngindo lIpondas And if you agree to drink thc maji do not complain to me later for neither I nor my children will a1ree [0

take this maji Europeans do not want this nonsense

After they had finished their business in Mngeta the waganga of the maji proshyceeded to Mzee Masalika at ~Ikaja There they cheated people includin1 Masalika who was made to drink the of immortality Imaji ya uzima His peoshyple also took the maji although lIndolc had tried very hard to prevent that The waganga then left for llakuwas at Lugoda He drank the maji as well

Few mlers were slrong mONKli 10 sisl to leocllillg and manv wen onxiolls 10 jO(fe il Tile Ngoni rllieft for example joilledelu11 ill Stplemher wllell Ille moj fIIIOS broll111 10 Songeo bl Ngintlo IIonl(O ltd by Omtlli AIIIshyjolo Herr as a lIIission Itocller expltlilf((I one problem was 10 hrillK Clrrislian lOlIttllJ

inlo Ille 11IOf-elnenl

When I saw that it was not safe for me OUt in the open I slept in the hut of an Ngoni who had not yet taken the medishycine I could not sleep however beshycause the yells and Saidi greetings of the Ngoni roused me from my sleep A few even came into the hut but they were friends of mine who were fond of me They had taken the medicine alshyready and urged me to go there as well If you go there they said no harm will come to you If you do not you will be killed But you need not go yourself we will bring you medicine Only you

RecOrds of MaJI Mall

must not leave the hut tomorrow until we arrive for the country now belongs to Hongo and everything which the Ngoni seize they must bring to Hongo-it does not belong to them Everything will now follow Ngoni custom They will kill everyone they find with European clothes Therefore our friend take our advice then vou will he

AIIKllsl 19(1 WlIS Ille 1II0nlll of (irlones Bv its end Gennon form eistetl on~v on lie (()Osland in Ille fOllr powerflll lIIililOI) sttshylions 01 Jollenge Aiosa IrinKa Inti Songeo If Illey amptre 10 ftin tile JllIji IOll ftgllttrs IImllo (uptllre tIIese Slllliolls 011 3(1 AllguSI lie ~bllnKtI and POKoro peoples lried 10 tole Jlallmge A lIIissionol) descrihed Illis gnolesl sinKle lIclion oftile nsinK III I1t111enKe 6omo tile dol IIt1d btflIn ftilll exe(lIlioIlS

Scarcely were the five condemned men hanging on the trees when a messhysenger rushed in with the news that the enemy were approaching Everyone made for the post allotted to him and peered out in the direction of 1son1o from whieh they were supposed to be coming We did not have to wait long before catching sight of the first groups These groups halted in sight of the boma probably waiting for each other Shonlv after seven oclock they adshyvanced on the boma in close columns There must have been over a thousand men Since they came to make an end of all of us we had to defend ourselves and take part in the firing which opened on the attackers at about a thousand metres 1wo machine-guns Europeans alld solshydiers rained death and destruction among the ranks of the advancing enshyemy Although we saw the ranks thin the survivors maintained order for about a quarter of an hour marching closer amidst a hail of bullets But then the ranks broke apan and took cover behind the numerous small rocks Now and again a group rushed our on to the road lifted one of the fallen and quickly fled

again behind the rocks Scurrying from rock to rock they made their retreat Then suddenly the cry rang OUt New enemy on the Gambira side Everyone looked in that direction and there thick clouds of smoke were rising from our three schools and a second column of at least 1200 men was advancing towards us Fire was opened upon them immeshydiately The enemy sought to reach ~Iashyhenge village at the double There they were hidden by the houses and stormed lip the road towards the boma As soon as they reappeared within ran1e they were met by deafening fire The first attackers were only three paces from the firing line when they sank to the ground struck by deadly bullets Those behind them lost courage turned and scanered Forshytunately the attack had been beaten off When no more enemy could be seen the Station Commander climbed down from the top of the boma tower from which he had commanded the defence and distributed champagne

The foillln 10 loke I1llllmfe ws tile tllrnmiddot illg point of tile rising Sew German forces moved into tile libertlttd retls First to rife tile Jlotllmbi ftere also Ilieirst to slIffer

They surrounded the German stockshyade in many files The Ilaji Ilaji warriors shot seeral times but the Germans did not reply Then at fie in the mornshying the European ordered his askari to fire as the tgtlatumbi tried to break into the stockade Oh so many people died that day For they had not known what a machine-gun was They thought that the Germans had run out of ammunition and were beating empty tins to frighten them away Thus the stubborn ones received bullets some in their legs others in their backs and others in their noses Far too many people died that day Great mournshying followed in the whole tgtlatumbi country From then on they fought in small groups waylaying the German askari

137 136

And they were severely beaten as the machine-gun helped the Germans very much They fought up to five in the evening When they realised they were being killed in numbers they tied cryshying Kinjikitile you hae cheated us

In Liwale il was lite same

After the war streams of blood reshymained The whole area between the boma and the Liwale River was covered with blood and the river itself was all blood They had said that the un would spurt water But it was all lies After that nobody had any desire to fiht the Euroshypeans They said Those Wamatumbi cheated us They said the Europeans gun would not lire but how is it that we are now being wiped out So when we heard that the Europeans were coming (0

Liwale we hid ourselves in the bush

By Ortober 19pound Inrte lIIonrns after Ine rising nod slarteri Gennan fOlres uYere xoinshyinK Ine inilialitt vow Ine 1I(lii Jai jifltlm nad 10 rleftnd Inemseltes kl guerrillo (Inion Tne lerms olsurrender frere narsn

The following terms of submission either for individuals or for whole areas are to be imposed accordin to circumshystances

I The surrender of ringleaders and witch-doctors 1 The surrender of all firearms bows arrows and spears If necessary pressure may be exerted on the people by arresting the headmen until the reshyquired weapons have been surrenshydered 3 Besides the tax which he normally pays every man who submits is to pay a fine of three rupees In cases where this is not available the man is to be required to perform paid labour for a productive enterprise of a public corshyporation in order to eam the fine The requirement of fines does not prejudice the right of military com-

Eastern Africa

manders to require especially rcfracshytory tribes to perform compulsory labour e g to construct fonificashytions 4 Major sultans and other intluenrial tribal leaders who declare the submisshysion of the native communities the rule are to be required to provide COIlshy

tingents of several hundred men for punithe and compUlsory l~boLlr for the government on the coast The punitive labour will last thrce (0 six months for each contingent

10 surrender fras biller and a r(~11I 0 letror began in Inc villages

An order was issued that the nlpoundics should capitulate because they tOuld not fight the Europeans Some agreed to surshyrender and went to Kibata Their guns and spears were destroyed and the wcre given pieces of white cloth to be used as the flag of peace The white flags werc (0

be fixed on the tops of their houses or in the ground before their homes On the other hand some people hated and killcd those who had capitulated too soon So the business of ~Iaji ~Iaji began And more askari swarmed the counshytry Askari were then sent to villages to seize food and peoples grain Ilowshyever it was better if white rather than black askari came to the village These African askari killed emiddoteryone children elders and women They ripped open pregnant women and left them [0 die And sometimes they did worse things which 1 cannot tell here for they were really terri ble

As well os Ine asiari Inc Jaji I(~iilihtshyers faced Ine ouxiliaries I1IAom Ine Gmllfllls rtCrtliled from tribes wnicn did nol )oill Ihf rishlg TAe follofyenPinK arcount is JImiddot fI lII(tn

from easlern Unene I1Ino fougAl OKailisr rlf rising in lite Kilombero Valley

Jumbe Pangamasasi the jumbe of Muhanga brought the news Then we

Records of Mall Mall

went at night to tell the Europeans that Pangamasasi had brought news that the Vahonga had reached his country they told him to drink the medicine now he refused-Pangamasasi has come pound0 break the news here We set off when we set off we journeyed until we arrived l[

Muhanga They said The enemies are at Mungeta [in the Kilombero Valley at the foot of the lJzungwa escarpmeml We set off at midnight We wem right over the hill by the time it had dawned we had descended on the other side Those Vahonga had run away they said Here it is too near the hill the people will run imo the hills we will not kill many people Then they withdrew they went to the marsh they went right into the elepham grass We met at Kashypalala Now when we reached them at Kapalala we found some asleep the whole army had gone to lie in ambush in the grass there and then some said We shall go in the morning to our friends actually it is those whom we found asleep and then we captured them When we had caught those people we said Where is thc battle Thev said The battle is on the path which goes to

Ifakara Our leader Swana Fungashyshenzi said-he said I do not want to go there I want to go to ~Iudemu Ian Mbunga headmanl We returned on the road to (takara Now we are going to ~Iudemu We went there and then we heard the noise coming from behind We said People are coming shouting beshyhind where have they come from these people-and we passed on The Euroshypean said Hi you will go with soldier Mpandajumula he will fire a gun After that man has fired a gun the Vambunga will run away )ou you will run after them you will go you will run after them with stabbin spears only

We started at a run we are running we are running after nm a long time our leader said Eeep and we stood still He said Smp I see a lot of enemies We stopped We saw those people were

emerging he saw them and said All to

the right We went to the right and then we just lay down we lay in the grass When we lay there in the grass they began but did not see us Then they looked now they are looking at the Europeans shoeprints the shoeprims of the soldiers they were not on the road Again they returned they were movin back and forth in a roup they returned They are looking for shoeprints there were none there Actually we had hidshyden we were there we were there in the grass where we were lying The Euroshypean then saw that they were really all gathered together the people gathered together were many He passed behind we saw he had gone to the back He said Lez ali and they lifted their uns to their shoulders Fiya-uwoo After the guns had sounded then they all came together the enemy they were coming now they were coming towards us Then they reathed us-soldier ~Iashyjilali Oaudi they stabbed him they reached another soldier Lisasi whom thev speared-then Kais malis malis Thus he has given the order now we are runnin away we are going into the grass we go into the grass because here in the open space we shall all be finished We entered the elephant faSS The commander turned He said Eepl Thus they all turned and put their guns to their shoulders Now the Vambunga are trying to come they are following the tracks which we had made It strikes he is on the ground it strikes he is on the ground They try to come they are unable to pass on the side The Vambunla failed completely Now the battle was getting hot We shot [hey were quite finished they tried to run away out there and we ourselves went out As we looked we saw [hev were quite finished

0 Ine Germans rne leaders of Ine risinK were rebels ro be exeruted So il flfS in Jlalumbi

Recorda of Majl Majl 129128 Eastern Africa and tltatltis medirine---tlte mtlji oftlte risings cecc chern from famine and sickness and died Then when the asRari was within Tlte people Illaited and suftred (onsiol name---wtls stronger titan jlturopttln weapmiddot would especially procecc che fieldsdistance he sene a bullec co che nearesc of tlteir disuni~I and tlte military stm~ftli Of ons His tearlting spread among tlte people againsc devascacion by wild pigs Ie guarshyjumbe On receiving chac bullec che tlteir rulers Tlten in tlte year 19(1-1 ~ living around tlte River Rufiji It rearlted tlte aneeed a good harvesc so chac in future jumbe had [0 fecch a very beauciful propltet arose His nome was Kinjilitilt Jatumbi tltrouglt a fJ2ltispering rampaign people would no more need [0 performwoman and slaughcer a chicken or goac Aear Itis Itome at Ngarambt tltere was fI pOol tltev called Njw~vfJ2ila wage labour for foreigners in order [0for him Wichour chese chings he would in a tributary of tlte Rif)er Rufiji Ainjilililt

obcain accusromed luxuries (clochbe in crouble All people were barbarians was possessed by tlte spirit Hongo wlto dUr1 Njwiywila meam secrec communicashy beads ecc) Finally-and here meneion co che askari A small mistake would be in tlte pool

tion such as ac a secrec meecing Ac chac was made only of che warfare cus[Omary punishable wich cweney-the scrokes cime if you liscened [0 Ijwiywila you between nacives-che medicine wouldHe was caken by an evil spiric one d~I paid one pice Thac was che meaning of also give invulnerabilicy accing in such a in che morning ac abouc nine omiddotc1ockmiddot Njwiywila The message in Njwiywila way chac enemy bullecs would fall fromBeltind till tltese pOrirultlr Krieranffs loy Everyone saw ic and his children and was like chis This year is a year of war cheir cargecs like raindrops from atlte fort ofalien rule wives as well They were basking ouc for chere is a man ac Ngarambe who has greased body Ie would screngchenside when chey saw him go on his bc I 1 been possessed-he has Lilungu Why women and children for che flighc cusshyAll chese are words chac buzz like his hands screcched our before him Because we are suffering like chis and [Omary in wartime wich che associaced bees If you had experienced ic you They cried [0 gec hold of his legs and pull because we are oppressed by che hardships and privacions and proceccwould have known how grave ic was 10 him buc ic was impossible and he cried akidas We work wichouc paymenc chern from being seized by che vic[Orious be chained co be shoc wich bullecs in che ouc chac he did noc wane (co be pulled There is an expert ac Ngarambe co help anackers who were accus[Omed [0 cakecrown of ones head and in ones chesc back) and chac chey were hurting him us How There is Jumbe Hongo This women and children wich chern as booeywhile in addicion you carried loads as che Then he disappeared in che pool of Njwiywila began ac Kikobo amongsc che The medicine consisced ofwacer maize greac eye of heaven rose up Alas such wacer He slepc in chere and his relacics Kichi for chey were ery near Kinshy and sorghum grains The wacer was apshywas life and chose iron chains were slepc by che pool overnighc aicing tir jikicile Ic spread [0 ilwengei and plied ac Ngarambe by pouring ic over che many-he made chern in his own counshy him Those who knew how [0 swim Kipacimu and co Samanga Buc che peomiddot head and by drinking Ie was also handedcry Bener remove such suffering fighc dived down ineo che pool buc chcy did pie of Samanga did nor believe quickly our in small bamboo scems [0 be hunghim off so chac che loads are carried by noc see anyching Then chey said If he Ie spread quickly chroughour ilatumbi round che neck The women were [0 secche askari chemselves is dead we will see his body if he has coune~ and beyond In che message of che grains in che fields chey culcivaced in

been caken by a beasc or by a spiric of chc Njwiywila was also che informacion chac order [0 obcain a good harvesc and keep

Bener rtmOfJe sudl su(frrinK-IJllt Itou wacers we shall see him returned dead or chose who wem co Ngarambe would see away che wild pigs The men were [0 pur

fJ2OS tltis to be done Ite Gtrmtlns Ittld deshy alive So chey waiced and che following cheir dead ancescors Then people began one of each sort ineo che powder of each

feated ff-ery tribe IIttltltod rtsisted tlteir intoshy morning ac abour nine oclock again hc going [0 Ngarambe [0 see for chemshy shoc chus achieving accuracy of aim

sion Tlte tribes wert small and ditided Tit) emerged unhurt wich his cloches d~ and selves The business appeared complecely

Itod no fJ2topons to molrlt tlte lifts of tlte as he had tucked chern che previous dJ harmless and was unders[Ood in a racher

Genntln troops Afcer returning from chere he began cllkmiddot Pilgrims began to jlock to Ngarambe ear~v hazy way by che many people who made

ing of prophecic maners He said 11 in 1905 A Gennan officer later described pilgrimage [0 che medicine man In no

They waiced for a long period because dead ancescors will come back chey are rAese pilgrimages He was probabry wrong to way secredy bur publicly and wichour

chey were afraid How could one clan ac Bokeros in Rufiji Ruhingo No lion or rAink tltev were engineered by a ronspiracy of ceremony greac crowds of people-some

face che Germans alone and noc be leopard will eac men We are all che cltiefs of as many as 300 adulcs were observedshy

wiped our There had [0 be many Sayyid Saids che Sa~Yids alone The made cheir way [0 che medicine man

song ran We are che Sayyids family The chiefs of che Matumbi and Kichi under che eyes of che Arabs Indians and

Ie is cme chey were ruled for a very alone Be ic an Mpogoro llkichi or Hills spread ic among cheir people chac a coascal people who were all lacer [0 sufshy

long time before chey rose in arms Matumbi we are all che Sayyid Saidmiddots spiric living in che form of a snake in che fer

againsc che Germans The problem was The lion was sheep and che European Pangani Rapids on che River Rufiji had

how [0 beac him really well Who would was red earth or fish of che wacer Lec us given a magic medicine [0 a medicine The Matumbi recall tlte joy wlticlt Kinshy

scart Thus chey waiced for a long cime beac him And he caughc two lions which man living in Ngarambe who had asshy jikitile inspired Tltev also recall lItattlte pilshy

because chere was no plan or knowledge he cechered wich a creeper and people sumed che cide Bokero (ineermediary bemiddot grims danced likindo--o dance ofwar

n-uly his praccices were bad Buc while danced Likinda before chose two lions tween men and che spiric) The medicine

chere were no superior weapons should They remained harmless Then woro of would free chose who possessed ic from Ie was like a wedding procession I cell

che people noc fear Everywhere elders chis new man spread afar all agricultural cares Further ic would you People were singing dancing and

were busy chinking Whac should we confer prosperity and healch would promiddot ululacing chroughour When chey arrived

~ do Kililitile tllUglt tAlIl Afrilaquolns wre ollt

130 eaatern Africa Recorda of Mall Mall 131 at Ngarambe they slept there and danced During that time they were dressed in should we wait Then the Africans pungu and his friends ran back into Iikinda everyone in his own group The their military auire called Ngumbalvo asked themselves How do we start the Kibata following morning they received medishy Further each one was told where [0 g~ or war How do we make the Germans anshycine and returned to their homes the day to start drilling Thus all gry Let us go and uproot their conan so There at Kibata they began to fight

gathered at Nandete for this type of that war may rise They fought for a whole week Then the From the beginning KinjiJitiles message Iikinda The song was entirely in riddles Arab ran out of ammunition His village

promised aid against European rule As tilt Thus the question what are you carryshy Only a few shoots of conan were afshy was surrounded by warriors Then those peoplt jI()CJtd to Ngarombt so Ihe militancy ing meant what do you want to do fected not the whole field jumbes who had gone to rescue him arshy0 the movtlllml gmRI Fina~v some lime The answer we are carrying peas Ngulumbalyo Mandai and Lindimyo ranged for his escape to Miteja and during I 90S KinjiJitile sent rqgtresenltJtives meant we are carrying bullets and Machela uprooted the first two shoots thence to Kilwa Then they plundered Ihrough tilt surrounding country to mObilise they used peas in their guns during drillshy Then Jumbe Mtemangani lof NandeteJ the shops and all property But KinshytJnd train Iht people To Nandelt in ing Creeping peas are those that sent a leuer [0 Kibata through his wife jikitile had [Old them not to plunder MtJlflmbi he smt a man fIlIIIose title was creep and it meant that they were Namchanjama Niponde She was to reshy That was their mistake MpoJosi marching to the battlefield Creeping port to the akida People of Nandete had

creeping-that was walking that is milshy refused to be sent by Mtemangani to 1 was lite lasl flaquoei 0lilly 1905 and lite The song of Mpokosi during likinda itary marching Destroy the red Kibata The people had returned home Jalumbi flaquore al war Tne ntflPs spretJd

was in the Ngindo language He used to earth-that meant tear the European to prepare for war We waited for the rapidly among lite people 0lite Rlljiji Valley take his fly-whisk and his calabash conshy apart or destroy him akida or his spies to come to Nandete who had already Iteard KinjiJililes message tainer for medicine and he went around Then we were ready War broke out Early in Auguslllte people of Kielti sOlllltem sprinkling them with medicine It was And as they returned from Nampuru Uzoramo weslern UUgUIll and Ungindo like military drilling with muzzle-loadshy to their camp they sang many times They heard that cotton had been upshy joined tlte war Walclting il spread lite Gershyers and under very strict discipline Let us fight him today They sang the rooted in Wolo INandetel The Arab at man Cltief Secrelary Iltougltl Ite delecled Thus Mpokosi would say same song as they marched to the batshy Kibata [Old Jumbe Kapungu to send his siilltd military planning

tlefield wife to investigate the reports of cotton Attention uprooting Jumbe Kapungu refused sayshy The development of the movement

ing If you have heard they have upshy was undoubtedly controlled in a logical What are you carrying promised them proltction agtJillSl European We are at attention KinjiJilile prrpartd tht peopleforwr He

rooted cotton you must realise that this is manner by good strategists tlany susshyWe are carrying peas wetJPons He oered them leadership the beginning of war So how can I send pect that discharged askari were behind Peas Peas of what type orgtJnistJlion unity But he lold Ihem nol 10 a woman [0 make enquiries So my it while others point [0 an Arab as the Creeping peas fipt lilliegtIVt tile order B JIlIy 19J5 no grandfather IKapungu) and my father leader The Acting District Officer of Creeping orrler htJd come and Ihe MtJlflmbi rtrtre i11lshy left for Wolo accompanied by others Kilwa believes that headman Abdalla

They went up to Mundi at Kulitas On Kitambi a Ngindo is to be seen as the seeing Kapungu Kulita told him to hide leading spirit His residence is at

And so on as they marched until At Ngarambe he told them The

Creeping patiml

himself for if the Matumbi heard he was Mtumbei at the south-western foot of Mpokosi ordered Germans will leave War will Start from there they would slaughter him At six in the Matumbi Hills near Hopfers cotton

up-country towards the coast and from the evening the Matumbi called on plantation I have been told that Abdalla Attention the coast into the hinterland There will Kulita and said We have heard that the was once an akida under Kilwa District We are at attention definitely be war But for the time being red earth is here Is this true Kulita Office and enjoyed great confidence Turn towards Donde country (inshy go and work for him If he orders you to denied it saying I cannot support the there Later on grounds unknown to

landl cultivate cotton or to dig his road or to red earth At the first cock Kulita esshy me he was removed from his office as (The warriors turned) carry his load do as he requires Go and corted Kapungu and his men back to akida At all events he possesses an Turn towards the black water [the remain quiet When I am ready I will Kibata But the Matumbi had caught accurate knowledge of German adminshy

ocean) declare the war Those elders returned wind that agents of the akida had come istrative methods and of the availability (They obeyed) home and kept quiet They waited for a So from Kipepele Hill onwards Kapungu and disposition of military and police reshyDestroy the red eanh long time Then the elders wondered was hody pursued by the Matumbi Near sources in Kilwa and the other coastal Destroy This mganga said he would declare war Mwando Hill Kapungu declared I canshy stadons The systematic manner in Destroy against the Germans Why then is he not go on running like a woman Here which the rising was planned and exshyDestroy delaying When will the Europeans go we will face them They fought for two panded over widely separated areas demshy

After all we have already received the hours until two in the afternoon Kashy onstrates how well the leaders knew the And so on as they advanced as if [0 shoot medicine and we are brave men Why pungus slave Manyanya fell dead Ka- disproportion between the real physical

132 Eastem Africa Recorda of Majl Majl laa resources of the administration and what to Zaramo conceptions only God himselt themselves had only spears Hongo then was being perverted by Hongo Then it had been in the habit of demanding and not Kolelo has unlimited power explained his troublesome teaching to Hongo gave orders that eery man must from the natives In my opinion the outshy over life and death It was later said that chem He said that he was a son of God anoint himself with his Usinga medicine break of the rising was made possible before the rising chief Kibasila of and that with his help they would be able anyone who refused was (0 be caught chiefly by the fact which can no longer Kisangire subsequently the main ring to defeat the Europeans fur he had a and killed People began to fear that they be doubted that the more perceptive leader in U7aramo was won tor their medicine which resisted thc penetration would be called witches and all the peoshyamong the coloured peoples had seen cause by the discontented spirits in the of their bullets and in fact they would ple of Kidodi and the people of Jumbe through and correctly weighed the govshy Matumbi Hills by a sham resurrection not be able to fire at all as their bullets Kulumzima went to Hongo to receive his emments bluff in holding whole tribes He was said to have first become full would turn inw water medicine When they had been anointed in check with a handful of men convinced of the rightness of the reh~1 All the Jumbes and old men went to with it he lay in the road and ordered

cause when they showed him a man who Ngwira Ithe Vidunda chief to tell him that everyone should jump over him TIlt Cltief Serrtlory wos probob~I misshy had seen a remarkable likeness to his that a great witch doctor Hongo had without touching him and if anyone

taken Tlte JtOples around tlte Ruiji stein to dead father come pound0 free them from the yoke of the touched him he should be killed ItlJt)e joined becouse mon were rlose~v reloted Europeans and they repeated Hongos Then Hongo expounded his taboos 10 lite lYolUmi ond sltored monv of tlteir Tlte movnnenlltod begun in onswer fJ In words to him lim Ngwira was ery angry which were as follows-No white magic grievonces ond tlteir religious beliefs for exshy religious messoxe of0 propltet 1Ite JOfl(r of when he heard these words for he realshy or witchcraft was to be performed no omple lite Zuromo belietled 11t01 tltt)middot musl lite moji-poGtr Offer Europeon fJrtOpOIIS~ ized that he was an impostor seeking to charms or medicines of any kind must be obey 0 spiril nomed Koltlo 0 messenxer of depended on religious foillt Andos lite IIWimiddot destroy the country Ngwira told them kept in their houses but all destroyed by God 1(onV itlenlied Koltlo willt tlte spiril menl expontied ooroy from tlte RIIiji liil(I that he had travelled pound0 Kilosa ~Ioshy fire No meat was to be eaten unless it Honxo by wltom Kinjikilile oros possessed tiurinx Auxust olld Sepfnnber it fJOS (~Itlin rogoro he had seen the ocean he had had been slaughtered by cutting the First Kolelo ontillten lite God orlto Itod senl comed by propltels Tlttse men collnl InllIIshy walked tolimga Dar es Salaam and Iabshy throat If anyone wanted meat he was to

Itim promised lite Zuromo victory selves Itonxo meSStNxers Tltey corried lItIti ora and everywhere he had seen the go into the bush catch rats and cut their wlticlt tltt) otilllinirumi to tlte people I n(~l strength of the Europeans Hongo must throat If it had not been cut at the throat

In the year 1905 Kolelo also conshy promised unity lIIld intulnerobilill IntI be driven right awav before he could deshy it was unlawful meat and must be thrown cerned himself with politics He (ie coiled on oil blotk men to rise oxoinsl FII1) Stroy the country The DC Kilosa was away It was against the law to drink natur-Jlly the Zar-amo who honour him) peon rule llteirr fJOS 0 revollltiolltIl1 or prepared to find them work so that they strong drink or beer of kimela because clearly decided that there were other more Octllr(te~I a millenniol IIIISJt~ff( (I would be able to get the money fur their these drinks had the colour of blood It needs to satisfy besides famine and so promise 10 rid lite fJord oftlte etiis (~l il(nmiddot tax and although it was certainly hard was strict forbidden to pertorm the the xenophobic movement of that year at croft onti EIIITJpell rule II is like~v fnalln( no good would come of trving to fight the marriage ceremonv until the war was first simply associated itself closely with people ofsoutltern fonzonio Itodlteonl wfh Europeans finished When a man met one of his

But the Jumbes and old men paid no friends his greeting must be PyuuKolelos name KoIeio had forbidden the millmnol teacltinxs before lit 011(1 tiS tilmiddot further payment of taxes to the white tocks on wtcltcroft S 0tlJ litis relil(ious mflishy attention [0 his wise words for they wcre Pyuu and the friend must answer the foreigners in mid July a great tlood tion wos mobilised axoinsl lite GenntllJ II bent on a course of lolly and they went to same words They must call Europeans would come and destroy all whites and lllOS 0 ftfollltionory messoge wtllIse (tIhmiddot the elders and relatives of ~gwira to pershy not Europeans but Warautumshytheir followers Later it was said that the lislted leoders orlto opposed il oftllI IOIlIlt suade them that they must convince Ngshy buchere because their stomachs must earth would open and swallow them that tltnnselves sorept ositle by tlte force ofpoputlr wira of the wisdom of lollowing Hongo be speared Every man that had been no bullets but only water would come belie Tlte followinx occount of0 Itonl(o ()lIIfJ His relatives refused at first tor they had anointed was to pay a present of three

been bought by the Europeans and reshy pence to Hongo Every man was to sewfrom the soldiers guns seen lions from 0 remoll oreo llt-idundo II is 11IIltIIshy

ceived much money but eventually they one pesa into the fold of his loincloth lor would come and destroy the enemy be pOllteric but it sltOflPS very c1eor~v lite lIIiIII too changed their minds this would sharpen his intelligence and not afraid Kolelo spares his black chilshy niol morocter oftlte movement

Hongo appointed himself chief of the to wear on his head a turban made from dren district In Vidunda there was a certain the leaves of a castor oil plant tied up Soon however other voices intershy In that year there arrived in the counshyArab trader and Hongo ordered that he with string and two stalks of mmmavened Now it was not Kolelo who cared try a certain man a great deceher called should be caught and beheaded as he because thus the Europeans would not for his children but God himself who Hongo Hongo asked the people was the servant of the Europeans He be able to see him had previously sent Kolelo Kolelo howshy whether they were prepared to sit down was wounded but slipped from the hands When Hongo saw that his strength wasever had not adequately fulfilled his under the European order to pay the tax of his enemies and ran awav to Ngwira increasing and that many people weretask so that God himself now appeared of three rupees every year and they anshywho hid him in his house and after a few following him he gathered them toshyClearly linked to his new situation was swered that they could not help themshydays sent him secretly to Kilosa to give gether to go and take Kilusa everything said at the time about the selves for how could they fight the Eushythe news to the DO that the country resurrection of the dead since according ropeans with their guns when they

135 134

nV tne end of AIIKllst tnt 1110telllenl nlld sprrod SOlllRords inlo lite Lllkllltdi Volley flNsWords 10 tile JlollmKe Plotoll ondllle volley ofIlle Aiombero itel)wllm tile milshylenniol messoKe was corned by II(JIIKO Rom Illey arrived in lndolnbo in Ille AilomJero Volley tIIey mel Ille Opposilion of Ille local cllit Undole

Bwana Undole heard of the approachshying war of Maji ~Iaji while he was staying at Kumwembe village The war had already reached tlngeta which was near Merera IUndoles capital hen the news was announced Lindole sent one of the elders to Ilngeta to investigate On arrival the envoy luckily met the people who had brought the maji medishycine The natives of Mngeta had already taken the maji and wore small pieces of reed on their heads They advised the visitor to take the maji as well But the visitor wanted first to know what was the meaning of drinking the maji They told him We drink this maji medicine so that European and local wars will not harm us If by bad luck war comes bulshylets and spears will not harm us Bullets and spears will not penetlJte our skins And they told him many more things in order to attract him The man liked their news and wished to get the medicine They told him If you want the medishycine you must pay two cents He paid the cents to those with the medicine for that was what it COSt After he had drunk the medicine they tied small pieces of reed around his head and made him wear one cent and told him he could return home That is the sign of comradeship When you reach home tell all the people that they must dress like you Those who will not dress like this will be taken for Swahili and will be killed He bade his hosts farewell and returned to Mershyera

When he arrived home he explained to his master all that he had seen Further he told him how the maji (omshyrades had promised to isit his country

eastern Africa

After Undole had been told the ncws the follOWing morning he called a mcetshying of all elders and courtiers and exshyplained to them the conditions regarding the maji When the heads of the COUntrv arrived he harangued them saying I d~) not want to hear that in my COUntry there are people who drink the majL Further I do not like to invite the maji carriers into my COUntry ~Iaji Ilaji is a sham medishycine brought by the Ngindo lIpondas And if you agree to drink thc maji do not complain to me later for neither I nor my children will a1ree [0

take this maji Europeans do not want this nonsense

After they had finished their business in Mngeta the waganga of the maji proshyceeded to Mzee Masalika at ~Ikaja There they cheated people includin1 Masalika who was made to drink the of immortality Imaji ya uzima His peoshyple also took the maji although lIndolc had tried very hard to prevent that The waganga then left for llakuwas at Lugoda He drank the maji as well

Few mlers were slrong mONKli 10 sisl to leocllillg and manv wen onxiolls 10 jO(fe il Tile Ngoni rllieft for example joilledelu11 ill Stplemher wllell Ille moj fIIIOS broll111 10 Songeo bl Ngintlo IIonl(O ltd by Omtlli AIIIshyjolo Herr as a lIIission Itocller expltlilf((I one problem was 10 hrillK Clrrislian lOlIttllJ

inlo Ille 11IOf-elnenl

When I saw that it was not safe for me OUt in the open I slept in the hut of an Ngoni who had not yet taken the medishycine I could not sleep however beshycause the yells and Saidi greetings of the Ngoni roused me from my sleep A few even came into the hut but they were friends of mine who were fond of me They had taken the medicine alshyready and urged me to go there as well If you go there they said no harm will come to you If you do not you will be killed But you need not go yourself we will bring you medicine Only you

RecOrds of MaJI Mall

must not leave the hut tomorrow until we arrive for the country now belongs to Hongo and everything which the Ngoni seize they must bring to Hongo-it does not belong to them Everything will now follow Ngoni custom They will kill everyone they find with European clothes Therefore our friend take our advice then vou will he

AIIKllsl 19(1 WlIS Ille 1II0nlll of (irlones Bv its end Gennon form eistetl on~v on lie (()Osland in Ille fOllr powerflll lIIililOI) sttshylions 01 Jollenge Aiosa IrinKa Inti Songeo If Illey amptre 10 ftin tile JllIji IOll ftgllttrs IImllo (uptllre tIIese Slllliolls 011 3(1 AllguSI lie ~bllnKtI and POKoro peoples lried 10 tole Jlallmge A lIIissionol) descrihed Illis gnolesl sinKle lIclion oftile nsinK III I1t111enKe 6omo tile dol IIt1d btflIn ftilll exe(lIlioIlS

Scarcely were the five condemned men hanging on the trees when a messhysenger rushed in with the news that the enemy were approaching Everyone made for the post allotted to him and peered out in the direction of 1son1o from whieh they were supposed to be coming We did not have to wait long before catching sight of the first groups These groups halted in sight of the boma probably waiting for each other Shonlv after seven oclock they adshyvanced on the boma in close columns There must have been over a thousand men Since they came to make an end of all of us we had to defend ourselves and take part in the firing which opened on the attackers at about a thousand metres 1wo machine-guns Europeans alld solshydiers rained death and destruction among the ranks of the advancing enshyemy Although we saw the ranks thin the survivors maintained order for about a quarter of an hour marching closer amidst a hail of bullets But then the ranks broke apan and took cover behind the numerous small rocks Now and again a group rushed our on to the road lifted one of the fallen and quickly fled

again behind the rocks Scurrying from rock to rock they made their retreat Then suddenly the cry rang OUt New enemy on the Gambira side Everyone looked in that direction and there thick clouds of smoke were rising from our three schools and a second column of at least 1200 men was advancing towards us Fire was opened upon them immeshydiately The enemy sought to reach ~Iashyhenge village at the double There they were hidden by the houses and stormed lip the road towards the boma As soon as they reappeared within ran1e they were met by deafening fire The first attackers were only three paces from the firing line when they sank to the ground struck by deadly bullets Those behind them lost courage turned and scanered Forshytunately the attack had been beaten off When no more enemy could be seen the Station Commander climbed down from the top of the boma tower from which he had commanded the defence and distributed champagne

The foillln 10 loke I1llllmfe ws tile tllrnmiddot illg point of tile rising Sew German forces moved into tile libertlttd retls First to rife tile Jlotllmbi ftere also Ilieirst to slIffer

They surrounded the German stockshyade in many files The Ilaji Ilaji warriors shot seeral times but the Germans did not reply Then at fie in the mornshying the European ordered his askari to fire as the tgtlatumbi tried to break into the stockade Oh so many people died that day For they had not known what a machine-gun was They thought that the Germans had run out of ammunition and were beating empty tins to frighten them away Thus the stubborn ones received bullets some in their legs others in their backs and others in their noses Far too many people died that day Great mournshying followed in the whole tgtlatumbi country From then on they fought in small groups waylaying the German askari

137 136

And they were severely beaten as the machine-gun helped the Germans very much They fought up to five in the evening When they realised they were being killed in numbers they tied cryshying Kinjikitile you hae cheated us

In Liwale il was lite same

After the war streams of blood reshymained The whole area between the boma and the Liwale River was covered with blood and the river itself was all blood They had said that the un would spurt water But it was all lies After that nobody had any desire to fiht the Euroshypeans They said Those Wamatumbi cheated us They said the Europeans gun would not lire but how is it that we are now being wiped out So when we heard that the Europeans were coming (0

Liwale we hid ourselves in the bush

By Ortober 19pound Inrte lIIonrns after Ine rising nod slarteri Gennan fOlres uYere xoinshyinK Ine inilialitt vow Ine 1I(lii Jai jifltlm nad 10 rleftnd Inemseltes kl guerrillo (Inion Tne lerms olsurrender frere narsn

The following terms of submission either for individuals or for whole areas are to be imposed accordin to circumshystances

I The surrender of ringleaders and witch-doctors 1 The surrender of all firearms bows arrows and spears If necessary pressure may be exerted on the people by arresting the headmen until the reshyquired weapons have been surrenshydered 3 Besides the tax which he normally pays every man who submits is to pay a fine of three rupees In cases where this is not available the man is to be required to perform paid labour for a productive enterprise of a public corshyporation in order to eam the fine The requirement of fines does not prejudice the right of military com-

Eastern Africa

manders to require especially rcfracshytory tribes to perform compulsory labour e g to construct fonificashytions 4 Major sultans and other intluenrial tribal leaders who declare the submisshysion of the native communities the rule are to be required to provide COIlshy

tingents of several hundred men for punithe and compUlsory l~boLlr for the government on the coast The punitive labour will last thrce (0 six months for each contingent

10 surrender fras biller and a r(~11I 0 letror began in Inc villages

An order was issued that the nlpoundics should capitulate because they tOuld not fight the Europeans Some agreed to surshyrender and went to Kibata Their guns and spears were destroyed and the wcre given pieces of white cloth to be used as the flag of peace The white flags werc (0

be fixed on the tops of their houses or in the ground before their homes On the other hand some people hated and killcd those who had capitulated too soon So the business of ~Iaji ~Iaji began And more askari swarmed the counshytry Askari were then sent to villages to seize food and peoples grain Ilowshyever it was better if white rather than black askari came to the village These African askari killed emiddoteryone children elders and women They ripped open pregnant women and left them [0 die And sometimes they did worse things which 1 cannot tell here for they were really terri ble

As well os Ine asiari Inc Jaji I(~iilihtshyers faced Ine ouxiliaries I1IAom Ine Gmllfllls rtCrtliled from tribes wnicn did nol )oill Ihf rishlg TAe follofyenPinK arcount is JImiddot fI lII(tn

from easlern Unene I1Ino fougAl OKailisr rlf rising in lite Kilombero Valley

Jumbe Pangamasasi the jumbe of Muhanga brought the news Then we

Records of Mall Mall

went at night to tell the Europeans that Pangamasasi had brought news that the Vahonga had reached his country they told him to drink the medicine now he refused-Pangamasasi has come pound0 break the news here We set off when we set off we journeyed until we arrived l[

Muhanga They said The enemies are at Mungeta [in the Kilombero Valley at the foot of the lJzungwa escarpmeml We set off at midnight We wem right over the hill by the time it had dawned we had descended on the other side Those Vahonga had run away they said Here it is too near the hill the people will run imo the hills we will not kill many people Then they withdrew they went to the marsh they went right into the elepham grass We met at Kashypalala Now when we reached them at Kapalala we found some asleep the whole army had gone to lie in ambush in the grass there and then some said We shall go in the morning to our friends actually it is those whom we found asleep and then we captured them When we had caught those people we said Where is thc battle Thev said The battle is on the path which goes to

Ifakara Our leader Swana Fungashyshenzi said-he said I do not want to go there I want to go to ~Iudemu Ian Mbunga headmanl We returned on the road to (takara Now we are going to ~Iudemu We went there and then we heard the noise coming from behind We said People are coming shouting beshyhind where have they come from these people-and we passed on The Euroshypean said Hi you will go with soldier Mpandajumula he will fire a gun After that man has fired a gun the Vambunga will run away )ou you will run after them you will go you will run after them with stabbin spears only

We started at a run we are running we are running after nm a long time our leader said Eeep and we stood still He said Smp I see a lot of enemies We stopped We saw those people were

emerging he saw them and said All to

the right We went to the right and then we just lay down we lay in the grass When we lay there in the grass they began but did not see us Then they looked now they are looking at the Europeans shoeprints the shoeprims of the soldiers they were not on the road Again they returned they were movin back and forth in a roup they returned They are looking for shoeprints there were none there Actually we had hidshyden we were there we were there in the grass where we were lying The Euroshypean then saw that they were really all gathered together the people gathered together were many He passed behind we saw he had gone to the back He said Lez ali and they lifted their uns to their shoulders Fiya-uwoo After the guns had sounded then they all came together the enemy they were coming now they were coming towards us Then they reathed us-soldier ~Iashyjilali Oaudi they stabbed him they reached another soldier Lisasi whom thev speared-then Kais malis malis Thus he has given the order now we are runnin away we are going into the grass we go into the grass because here in the open space we shall all be finished We entered the elephant faSS The commander turned He said Eepl Thus they all turned and put their guns to their shoulders Now the Vambunga are trying to come they are following the tracks which we had made It strikes he is on the ground it strikes he is on the ground They try to come they are unable to pass on the side The Vambunla failed completely Now the battle was getting hot We shot [hey were quite finished they tried to run away out there and we ourselves went out As we looked we saw [hev were quite finished

0 Ine Germans rne leaders of Ine risinK were rebels ro be exeruted So il flfS in Jlalumbi

130 eaatern Africa Recorda of Mall Mall 131 at Ngarambe they slept there and danced During that time they were dressed in should we wait Then the Africans pungu and his friends ran back into Iikinda everyone in his own group The their military auire called Ngumbalvo asked themselves How do we start the Kibata following morning they received medishy Further each one was told where [0 g~ or war How do we make the Germans anshycine and returned to their homes the day to start drilling Thus all gry Let us go and uproot their conan so There at Kibata they began to fight

gathered at Nandete for this type of that war may rise They fought for a whole week Then the From the beginning KinjiJitiles message Iikinda The song was entirely in riddles Arab ran out of ammunition His village

promised aid against European rule As tilt Thus the question what are you carryshy Only a few shoots of conan were afshy was surrounded by warriors Then those peoplt jI()CJtd to Ngarombt so Ihe militancy ing meant what do you want to do fected not the whole field jumbes who had gone to rescue him arshy0 the movtlllml gmRI Fina~v some lime The answer we are carrying peas Ngulumbalyo Mandai and Lindimyo ranged for his escape to Miteja and during I 90S KinjiJitile sent rqgtresenltJtives meant we are carrying bullets and Machela uprooted the first two shoots thence to Kilwa Then they plundered Ihrough tilt surrounding country to mObilise they used peas in their guns during drillshy Then Jumbe Mtemangani lof NandeteJ the shops and all property But KinshytJnd train Iht people To Nandelt in ing Creeping peas are those that sent a leuer [0 Kibata through his wife jikitile had [Old them not to plunder MtJlflmbi he smt a man fIlIIIose title was creep and it meant that they were Namchanjama Niponde She was to reshy That was their mistake MpoJosi marching to the battlefield Creeping port to the akida People of Nandete had

creeping-that was walking that is milshy refused to be sent by Mtemangani to 1 was lite lasl flaquoei 0lilly 1905 and lite The song of Mpokosi during likinda itary marching Destroy the red Kibata The people had returned home Jalumbi flaquore al war Tne ntflPs spretJd

was in the Ngindo language He used to earth-that meant tear the European to prepare for war We waited for the rapidly among lite people 0lite Rlljiji Valley take his fly-whisk and his calabash conshy apart or destroy him akida or his spies to come to Nandete who had already Iteard KinjiJililes message tainer for medicine and he went around Then we were ready War broke out Early in Auguslllte people of Kielti sOlllltem sprinkling them with medicine It was And as they returned from Nampuru Uzoramo weslern UUgUIll and Ungindo like military drilling with muzzle-loadshy to their camp they sang many times They heard that cotton had been upshy joined tlte war Walclting il spread lite Gershyers and under very strict discipline Let us fight him today They sang the rooted in Wolo INandetel The Arab at man Cltief Secrelary Iltougltl Ite delecled Thus Mpokosi would say same song as they marched to the batshy Kibata [Old Jumbe Kapungu to send his siilltd military planning

tlefield wife to investigate the reports of cotton Attention uprooting Jumbe Kapungu refused sayshy The development of the movement

ing If you have heard they have upshy was undoubtedly controlled in a logical What are you carrying promised them proltction agtJillSl European We are at attention KinjiJilile prrpartd tht peopleforwr He

rooted cotton you must realise that this is manner by good strategists tlany susshyWe are carrying peas wetJPons He oered them leadership the beginning of war So how can I send pect that discharged askari were behind Peas Peas of what type orgtJnistJlion unity But he lold Ihem nol 10 a woman [0 make enquiries So my it while others point [0 an Arab as the Creeping peas fipt lilliegtIVt tile order B JIlIy 19J5 no grandfather IKapungu) and my father leader The Acting District Officer of Creeping orrler htJd come and Ihe MtJlflmbi rtrtre i11lshy left for Wolo accompanied by others Kilwa believes that headman Abdalla

They went up to Mundi at Kulitas On Kitambi a Ngindo is to be seen as the seeing Kapungu Kulita told him to hide leading spirit His residence is at

And so on as they marched until At Ngarambe he told them The

Creeping patiml

himself for if the Matumbi heard he was Mtumbei at the south-western foot of Mpokosi ordered Germans will leave War will Start from there they would slaughter him At six in the Matumbi Hills near Hopfers cotton

up-country towards the coast and from the evening the Matumbi called on plantation I have been told that Abdalla Attention the coast into the hinterland There will Kulita and said We have heard that the was once an akida under Kilwa District We are at attention definitely be war But for the time being red earth is here Is this true Kulita Office and enjoyed great confidence Turn towards Donde country (inshy go and work for him If he orders you to denied it saying I cannot support the there Later on grounds unknown to

landl cultivate cotton or to dig his road or to red earth At the first cock Kulita esshy me he was removed from his office as (The warriors turned) carry his load do as he requires Go and corted Kapungu and his men back to akida At all events he possesses an Turn towards the black water [the remain quiet When I am ready I will Kibata But the Matumbi had caught accurate knowledge of German adminshy

ocean) declare the war Those elders returned wind that agents of the akida had come istrative methods and of the availability (They obeyed) home and kept quiet They waited for a So from Kipepele Hill onwards Kapungu and disposition of military and police reshyDestroy the red eanh long time Then the elders wondered was hody pursued by the Matumbi Near sources in Kilwa and the other coastal Destroy This mganga said he would declare war Mwando Hill Kapungu declared I canshy stadons The systematic manner in Destroy against the Germans Why then is he not go on running like a woman Here which the rising was planned and exshyDestroy delaying When will the Europeans go we will face them They fought for two panded over widely separated areas demshy

After all we have already received the hours until two in the afternoon Kashy onstrates how well the leaders knew the And so on as they advanced as if [0 shoot medicine and we are brave men Why pungus slave Manyanya fell dead Ka- disproportion between the real physical

132 Eastem Africa Recorda of Majl Majl laa resources of the administration and what to Zaramo conceptions only God himselt themselves had only spears Hongo then was being perverted by Hongo Then it had been in the habit of demanding and not Kolelo has unlimited power explained his troublesome teaching to Hongo gave orders that eery man must from the natives In my opinion the outshy over life and death It was later said that chem He said that he was a son of God anoint himself with his Usinga medicine break of the rising was made possible before the rising chief Kibasila of and that with his help they would be able anyone who refused was (0 be caught chiefly by the fact which can no longer Kisangire subsequently the main ring to defeat the Europeans fur he had a and killed People began to fear that they be doubted that the more perceptive leader in U7aramo was won tor their medicine which resisted thc penetration would be called witches and all the peoshyamong the coloured peoples had seen cause by the discontented spirits in the of their bullets and in fact they would ple of Kidodi and the people of Jumbe through and correctly weighed the govshy Matumbi Hills by a sham resurrection not be able to fire at all as their bullets Kulumzima went to Hongo to receive his emments bluff in holding whole tribes He was said to have first become full would turn inw water medicine When they had been anointed in check with a handful of men convinced of the rightness of the reh~1 All the Jumbes and old men went to with it he lay in the road and ordered

cause when they showed him a man who Ngwira Ithe Vidunda chief to tell him that everyone should jump over him TIlt Cltief Serrtlory wos probob~I misshy had seen a remarkable likeness to his that a great witch doctor Hongo had without touching him and if anyone

taken Tlte JtOples around tlte Ruiji stein to dead father come pound0 free them from the yoke of the touched him he should be killed ItlJt)e joined becouse mon were rlose~v reloted Europeans and they repeated Hongos Then Hongo expounded his taboos 10 lite lYolUmi ond sltored monv of tlteir Tlte movnnenlltod begun in onswer fJ In words to him lim Ngwira was ery angry which were as follows-No white magic grievonces ond tlteir religious beliefs for exshy religious messoxe of0 propltet 1Ite JOfl(r of when he heard these words for he realshy or witchcraft was to be performed no omple lite Zuromo belietled 11t01 tltt)middot musl lite moji-poGtr Offer Europeon fJrtOpOIIS~ ized that he was an impostor seeking to charms or medicines of any kind must be obey 0 spiril nomed Koltlo 0 messenxer of depended on religious foillt Andos lite IIWimiddot destroy the country Ngwira told them kept in their houses but all destroyed by God 1(onV itlenlied Koltlo willt tlte spiril menl expontied ooroy from tlte RIIiji liil(I that he had travelled pound0 Kilosa ~Ioshy fire No meat was to be eaten unless it Honxo by wltom Kinjikilile oros possessed tiurinx Auxust olld Sepfnnber it fJOS (~Itlin rogoro he had seen the ocean he had had been slaughtered by cutting the First Kolelo ontillten lite God orlto Itod senl comed by propltels Tlttse men collnl InllIIshy walked tolimga Dar es Salaam and Iabshy throat If anyone wanted meat he was to

Itim promised lite Zuromo victory selves Itonxo meSStNxers Tltey corried lItIti ora and everywhere he had seen the go into the bush catch rats and cut their wlticlt tltt) otilllinirumi to tlte people I n(~l strength of the Europeans Hongo must throat If it had not been cut at the throat

In the year 1905 Kolelo also conshy promised unity lIIld intulnerobilill IntI be driven right awav before he could deshy it was unlawful meat and must be thrown cerned himself with politics He (ie coiled on oil blotk men to rise oxoinsl FII1) Stroy the country The DC Kilosa was away It was against the law to drink natur-Jlly the Zar-amo who honour him) peon rule llteirr fJOS 0 revollltiolltIl1 or prepared to find them work so that they strong drink or beer of kimela because clearly decided that there were other more Octllr(te~I a millenniol IIIISJt~ff( (I would be able to get the money fur their these drinks had the colour of blood It needs to satisfy besides famine and so promise 10 rid lite fJord oftlte etiis (~l il(nmiddot tax and although it was certainly hard was strict forbidden to pertorm the the xenophobic movement of that year at croft onti EIIITJpell rule II is like~v fnalln( no good would come of trving to fight the marriage ceremonv until the war was first simply associated itself closely with people ofsoutltern fonzonio Itodlteonl wfh Europeans finished When a man met one of his

But the Jumbes and old men paid no friends his greeting must be PyuuKolelos name KoIeio had forbidden the millmnol teacltinxs before lit 011(1 tiS tilmiddot further payment of taxes to the white tocks on wtcltcroft S 0tlJ litis relil(ious mflishy attention [0 his wise words for they wcre Pyuu and the friend must answer the foreigners in mid July a great tlood tion wos mobilised axoinsl lite GenntllJ II bent on a course of lolly and they went to same words They must call Europeans would come and destroy all whites and lllOS 0 ftfollltionory messoge wtllIse (tIhmiddot the elders and relatives of ~gwira to pershy not Europeans but Warautumshytheir followers Later it was said that the lislted leoders orlto opposed il oftllI IOIlIlt suade them that they must convince Ngshy buchere because their stomachs must earth would open and swallow them that tltnnselves sorept ositle by tlte force ofpoputlr wira of the wisdom of lollowing Hongo be speared Every man that had been no bullets but only water would come belie Tlte followinx occount of0 Itonl(o ()lIIfJ His relatives refused at first tor they had anointed was to pay a present of three

been bought by the Europeans and reshy pence to Hongo Every man was to sewfrom the soldiers guns seen lions from 0 remoll oreo llt-idundo II is 11IIltIIshy

ceived much money but eventually they one pesa into the fold of his loincloth lor would come and destroy the enemy be pOllteric but it sltOflPS very c1eor~v lite lIIiIII too changed their minds this would sharpen his intelligence and not afraid Kolelo spares his black chilshy niol morocter oftlte movement

Hongo appointed himself chief of the to wear on his head a turban made from dren district In Vidunda there was a certain the leaves of a castor oil plant tied up Soon however other voices intershy In that year there arrived in the counshyArab trader and Hongo ordered that he with string and two stalks of mmmavened Now it was not Kolelo who cared try a certain man a great deceher called should be caught and beheaded as he because thus the Europeans would not for his children but God himself who Hongo Hongo asked the people was the servant of the Europeans He be able to see him had previously sent Kolelo Kolelo howshy whether they were prepared to sit down was wounded but slipped from the hands When Hongo saw that his strength wasever had not adequately fulfilled his under the European order to pay the tax of his enemies and ran awav to Ngwira increasing and that many people weretask so that God himself now appeared of three rupees every year and they anshywho hid him in his house and after a few following him he gathered them toshyClearly linked to his new situation was swered that they could not help themshydays sent him secretly to Kilosa to give gether to go and take Kilusa everything said at the time about the selves for how could they fight the Eushythe news to the DO that the country resurrection of the dead since according ropeans with their guns when they

135 134

nV tne end of AIIKllst tnt 1110telllenl nlld sprrod SOlllRords inlo lite Lllkllltdi Volley flNsWords 10 tile JlollmKe Plotoll ondllle volley ofIlle Aiombero itel)wllm tile milshylenniol messoKe was corned by II(JIIKO Rom Illey arrived in lndolnbo in Ille AilomJero Volley tIIey mel Ille Opposilion of Ille local cllit Undole

Bwana Undole heard of the approachshying war of Maji ~Iaji while he was staying at Kumwembe village The war had already reached tlngeta which was near Merera IUndoles capital hen the news was announced Lindole sent one of the elders to Ilngeta to investigate On arrival the envoy luckily met the people who had brought the maji medishycine The natives of Mngeta had already taken the maji and wore small pieces of reed on their heads They advised the visitor to take the maji as well But the visitor wanted first to know what was the meaning of drinking the maji They told him We drink this maji medicine so that European and local wars will not harm us If by bad luck war comes bulshylets and spears will not harm us Bullets and spears will not penetlJte our skins And they told him many more things in order to attract him The man liked their news and wished to get the medicine They told him If you want the medishycine you must pay two cents He paid the cents to those with the medicine for that was what it COSt After he had drunk the medicine they tied small pieces of reed around his head and made him wear one cent and told him he could return home That is the sign of comradeship When you reach home tell all the people that they must dress like you Those who will not dress like this will be taken for Swahili and will be killed He bade his hosts farewell and returned to Mershyera

When he arrived home he explained to his master all that he had seen Further he told him how the maji (omshyrades had promised to isit his country

eastern Africa

After Undole had been told the ncws the follOWing morning he called a mcetshying of all elders and courtiers and exshyplained to them the conditions regarding the maji When the heads of the COUntrv arrived he harangued them saying I d~) not want to hear that in my COUntry there are people who drink the majL Further I do not like to invite the maji carriers into my COUntry ~Iaji Ilaji is a sham medishycine brought by the Ngindo lIpondas And if you agree to drink thc maji do not complain to me later for neither I nor my children will a1ree [0

take this maji Europeans do not want this nonsense

After they had finished their business in Mngeta the waganga of the maji proshyceeded to Mzee Masalika at ~Ikaja There they cheated people includin1 Masalika who was made to drink the of immortality Imaji ya uzima His peoshyple also took the maji although lIndolc had tried very hard to prevent that The waganga then left for llakuwas at Lugoda He drank the maji as well

Few mlers were slrong mONKli 10 sisl to leocllillg and manv wen onxiolls 10 jO(fe il Tile Ngoni rllieft for example joilledelu11 ill Stplemher wllell Ille moj fIIIOS broll111 10 Songeo bl Ngintlo IIonl(O ltd by Omtlli AIIIshyjolo Herr as a lIIission Itocller expltlilf((I one problem was 10 hrillK Clrrislian lOlIttllJ

inlo Ille 11IOf-elnenl

When I saw that it was not safe for me OUt in the open I slept in the hut of an Ngoni who had not yet taken the medishycine I could not sleep however beshycause the yells and Saidi greetings of the Ngoni roused me from my sleep A few even came into the hut but they were friends of mine who were fond of me They had taken the medicine alshyready and urged me to go there as well If you go there they said no harm will come to you If you do not you will be killed But you need not go yourself we will bring you medicine Only you

RecOrds of MaJI Mall

must not leave the hut tomorrow until we arrive for the country now belongs to Hongo and everything which the Ngoni seize they must bring to Hongo-it does not belong to them Everything will now follow Ngoni custom They will kill everyone they find with European clothes Therefore our friend take our advice then vou will he

AIIKllsl 19(1 WlIS Ille 1II0nlll of (irlones Bv its end Gennon form eistetl on~v on lie (()Osland in Ille fOllr powerflll lIIililOI) sttshylions 01 Jollenge Aiosa IrinKa Inti Songeo If Illey amptre 10 ftin tile JllIji IOll ftgllttrs IImllo (uptllre tIIese Slllliolls 011 3(1 AllguSI lie ~bllnKtI and POKoro peoples lried 10 tole Jlallmge A lIIissionol) descrihed Illis gnolesl sinKle lIclion oftile nsinK III I1t111enKe 6omo tile dol IIt1d btflIn ftilll exe(lIlioIlS

Scarcely were the five condemned men hanging on the trees when a messhysenger rushed in with the news that the enemy were approaching Everyone made for the post allotted to him and peered out in the direction of 1son1o from whieh they were supposed to be coming We did not have to wait long before catching sight of the first groups These groups halted in sight of the boma probably waiting for each other Shonlv after seven oclock they adshyvanced on the boma in close columns There must have been over a thousand men Since they came to make an end of all of us we had to defend ourselves and take part in the firing which opened on the attackers at about a thousand metres 1wo machine-guns Europeans alld solshydiers rained death and destruction among the ranks of the advancing enshyemy Although we saw the ranks thin the survivors maintained order for about a quarter of an hour marching closer amidst a hail of bullets But then the ranks broke apan and took cover behind the numerous small rocks Now and again a group rushed our on to the road lifted one of the fallen and quickly fled

again behind the rocks Scurrying from rock to rock they made their retreat Then suddenly the cry rang OUt New enemy on the Gambira side Everyone looked in that direction and there thick clouds of smoke were rising from our three schools and a second column of at least 1200 men was advancing towards us Fire was opened upon them immeshydiately The enemy sought to reach ~Iashyhenge village at the double There they were hidden by the houses and stormed lip the road towards the boma As soon as they reappeared within ran1e they were met by deafening fire The first attackers were only three paces from the firing line when they sank to the ground struck by deadly bullets Those behind them lost courage turned and scanered Forshytunately the attack had been beaten off When no more enemy could be seen the Station Commander climbed down from the top of the boma tower from which he had commanded the defence and distributed champagne

The foillln 10 loke I1llllmfe ws tile tllrnmiddot illg point of tile rising Sew German forces moved into tile libertlttd retls First to rife tile Jlotllmbi ftere also Ilieirst to slIffer

They surrounded the German stockshyade in many files The Ilaji Ilaji warriors shot seeral times but the Germans did not reply Then at fie in the mornshying the European ordered his askari to fire as the tgtlatumbi tried to break into the stockade Oh so many people died that day For they had not known what a machine-gun was They thought that the Germans had run out of ammunition and were beating empty tins to frighten them away Thus the stubborn ones received bullets some in their legs others in their backs and others in their noses Far too many people died that day Great mournshying followed in the whole tgtlatumbi country From then on they fought in small groups waylaying the German askari

137 136

And they were severely beaten as the machine-gun helped the Germans very much They fought up to five in the evening When they realised they were being killed in numbers they tied cryshying Kinjikitile you hae cheated us

In Liwale il was lite same

After the war streams of blood reshymained The whole area between the boma and the Liwale River was covered with blood and the river itself was all blood They had said that the un would spurt water But it was all lies After that nobody had any desire to fiht the Euroshypeans They said Those Wamatumbi cheated us They said the Europeans gun would not lire but how is it that we are now being wiped out So when we heard that the Europeans were coming (0

Liwale we hid ourselves in the bush

By Ortober 19pound Inrte lIIonrns after Ine rising nod slarteri Gennan fOlres uYere xoinshyinK Ine inilialitt vow Ine 1I(lii Jai jifltlm nad 10 rleftnd Inemseltes kl guerrillo (Inion Tne lerms olsurrender frere narsn

The following terms of submission either for individuals or for whole areas are to be imposed accordin to circumshystances

I The surrender of ringleaders and witch-doctors 1 The surrender of all firearms bows arrows and spears If necessary pressure may be exerted on the people by arresting the headmen until the reshyquired weapons have been surrenshydered 3 Besides the tax which he normally pays every man who submits is to pay a fine of three rupees In cases where this is not available the man is to be required to perform paid labour for a productive enterprise of a public corshyporation in order to eam the fine The requirement of fines does not prejudice the right of military com-

Eastern Africa

manders to require especially rcfracshytory tribes to perform compulsory labour e g to construct fonificashytions 4 Major sultans and other intluenrial tribal leaders who declare the submisshysion of the native communities the rule are to be required to provide COIlshy

tingents of several hundred men for punithe and compUlsory l~boLlr for the government on the coast The punitive labour will last thrce (0 six months for each contingent

10 surrender fras biller and a r(~11I 0 letror began in Inc villages

An order was issued that the nlpoundics should capitulate because they tOuld not fight the Europeans Some agreed to surshyrender and went to Kibata Their guns and spears were destroyed and the wcre given pieces of white cloth to be used as the flag of peace The white flags werc (0

be fixed on the tops of their houses or in the ground before their homes On the other hand some people hated and killcd those who had capitulated too soon So the business of ~Iaji ~Iaji began And more askari swarmed the counshytry Askari were then sent to villages to seize food and peoples grain Ilowshyever it was better if white rather than black askari came to the village These African askari killed emiddoteryone children elders and women They ripped open pregnant women and left them [0 die And sometimes they did worse things which 1 cannot tell here for they were really terri ble

As well os Ine asiari Inc Jaji I(~iilihtshyers faced Ine ouxiliaries I1IAom Ine Gmllfllls rtCrtliled from tribes wnicn did nol )oill Ihf rishlg TAe follofyenPinK arcount is JImiddot fI lII(tn

from easlern Unene I1Ino fougAl OKailisr rlf rising in lite Kilombero Valley

Jumbe Pangamasasi the jumbe of Muhanga brought the news Then we

Records of Mall Mall

went at night to tell the Europeans that Pangamasasi had brought news that the Vahonga had reached his country they told him to drink the medicine now he refused-Pangamasasi has come pound0 break the news here We set off when we set off we journeyed until we arrived l[

Muhanga They said The enemies are at Mungeta [in the Kilombero Valley at the foot of the lJzungwa escarpmeml We set off at midnight We wem right over the hill by the time it had dawned we had descended on the other side Those Vahonga had run away they said Here it is too near the hill the people will run imo the hills we will not kill many people Then they withdrew they went to the marsh they went right into the elepham grass We met at Kashypalala Now when we reached them at Kapalala we found some asleep the whole army had gone to lie in ambush in the grass there and then some said We shall go in the morning to our friends actually it is those whom we found asleep and then we captured them When we had caught those people we said Where is thc battle Thev said The battle is on the path which goes to

Ifakara Our leader Swana Fungashyshenzi said-he said I do not want to go there I want to go to ~Iudemu Ian Mbunga headmanl We returned on the road to (takara Now we are going to ~Iudemu We went there and then we heard the noise coming from behind We said People are coming shouting beshyhind where have they come from these people-and we passed on The Euroshypean said Hi you will go with soldier Mpandajumula he will fire a gun After that man has fired a gun the Vambunga will run away )ou you will run after them you will go you will run after them with stabbin spears only

We started at a run we are running we are running after nm a long time our leader said Eeep and we stood still He said Smp I see a lot of enemies We stopped We saw those people were

emerging he saw them and said All to

the right We went to the right and then we just lay down we lay in the grass When we lay there in the grass they began but did not see us Then they looked now they are looking at the Europeans shoeprints the shoeprims of the soldiers they were not on the road Again they returned they were movin back and forth in a roup they returned They are looking for shoeprints there were none there Actually we had hidshyden we were there we were there in the grass where we were lying The Euroshypean then saw that they were really all gathered together the people gathered together were many He passed behind we saw he had gone to the back He said Lez ali and they lifted their uns to their shoulders Fiya-uwoo After the guns had sounded then they all came together the enemy they were coming now they were coming towards us Then they reathed us-soldier ~Iashyjilali Oaudi they stabbed him they reached another soldier Lisasi whom thev speared-then Kais malis malis Thus he has given the order now we are runnin away we are going into the grass we go into the grass because here in the open space we shall all be finished We entered the elephant faSS The commander turned He said Eepl Thus they all turned and put their guns to their shoulders Now the Vambunga are trying to come they are following the tracks which we had made It strikes he is on the ground it strikes he is on the ground They try to come they are unable to pass on the side The Vambunla failed completely Now the battle was getting hot We shot [hey were quite finished they tried to run away out there and we ourselves went out As we looked we saw [hev were quite finished

0 Ine Germans rne leaders of Ine risinK were rebels ro be exeruted So il flfS in Jlalumbi

132 Eastem Africa Recorda of Majl Majl laa resources of the administration and what to Zaramo conceptions only God himselt themselves had only spears Hongo then was being perverted by Hongo Then it had been in the habit of demanding and not Kolelo has unlimited power explained his troublesome teaching to Hongo gave orders that eery man must from the natives In my opinion the outshy over life and death It was later said that chem He said that he was a son of God anoint himself with his Usinga medicine break of the rising was made possible before the rising chief Kibasila of and that with his help they would be able anyone who refused was (0 be caught chiefly by the fact which can no longer Kisangire subsequently the main ring to defeat the Europeans fur he had a and killed People began to fear that they be doubted that the more perceptive leader in U7aramo was won tor their medicine which resisted thc penetration would be called witches and all the peoshyamong the coloured peoples had seen cause by the discontented spirits in the of their bullets and in fact they would ple of Kidodi and the people of Jumbe through and correctly weighed the govshy Matumbi Hills by a sham resurrection not be able to fire at all as their bullets Kulumzima went to Hongo to receive his emments bluff in holding whole tribes He was said to have first become full would turn inw water medicine When they had been anointed in check with a handful of men convinced of the rightness of the reh~1 All the Jumbes and old men went to with it he lay in the road and ordered

cause when they showed him a man who Ngwira Ithe Vidunda chief to tell him that everyone should jump over him TIlt Cltief Serrtlory wos probob~I misshy had seen a remarkable likeness to his that a great witch doctor Hongo had without touching him and if anyone

taken Tlte JtOples around tlte Ruiji stein to dead father come pound0 free them from the yoke of the touched him he should be killed ItlJt)e joined becouse mon were rlose~v reloted Europeans and they repeated Hongos Then Hongo expounded his taboos 10 lite lYolUmi ond sltored monv of tlteir Tlte movnnenlltod begun in onswer fJ In words to him lim Ngwira was ery angry which were as follows-No white magic grievonces ond tlteir religious beliefs for exshy religious messoxe of0 propltet 1Ite JOfl(r of when he heard these words for he realshy or witchcraft was to be performed no omple lite Zuromo belietled 11t01 tltt)middot musl lite moji-poGtr Offer Europeon fJrtOpOIIS~ ized that he was an impostor seeking to charms or medicines of any kind must be obey 0 spiril nomed Koltlo 0 messenxer of depended on religious foillt Andos lite IIWimiddot destroy the country Ngwira told them kept in their houses but all destroyed by God 1(onV itlenlied Koltlo willt tlte spiril menl expontied ooroy from tlte RIIiji liil(I that he had travelled pound0 Kilosa ~Ioshy fire No meat was to be eaten unless it Honxo by wltom Kinjikilile oros possessed tiurinx Auxust olld Sepfnnber it fJOS (~Itlin rogoro he had seen the ocean he had had been slaughtered by cutting the First Kolelo ontillten lite God orlto Itod senl comed by propltels Tlttse men collnl InllIIshy walked tolimga Dar es Salaam and Iabshy throat If anyone wanted meat he was to

Itim promised lite Zuromo victory selves Itonxo meSStNxers Tltey corried lItIti ora and everywhere he had seen the go into the bush catch rats and cut their wlticlt tltt) otilllinirumi to tlte people I n(~l strength of the Europeans Hongo must throat If it had not been cut at the throat

In the year 1905 Kolelo also conshy promised unity lIIld intulnerobilill IntI be driven right awav before he could deshy it was unlawful meat and must be thrown cerned himself with politics He (ie coiled on oil blotk men to rise oxoinsl FII1) Stroy the country The DC Kilosa was away It was against the law to drink natur-Jlly the Zar-amo who honour him) peon rule llteirr fJOS 0 revollltiolltIl1 or prepared to find them work so that they strong drink or beer of kimela because clearly decided that there were other more Octllr(te~I a millenniol IIIISJt~ff( (I would be able to get the money fur their these drinks had the colour of blood It needs to satisfy besides famine and so promise 10 rid lite fJord oftlte etiis (~l il(nmiddot tax and although it was certainly hard was strict forbidden to pertorm the the xenophobic movement of that year at croft onti EIIITJpell rule II is like~v fnalln( no good would come of trving to fight the marriage ceremonv until the war was first simply associated itself closely with people ofsoutltern fonzonio Itodlteonl wfh Europeans finished When a man met one of his

But the Jumbes and old men paid no friends his greeting must be PyuuKolelos name KoIeio had forbidden the millmnol teacltinxs before lit 011(1 tiS tilmiddot further payment of taxes to the white tocks on wtcltcroft S 0tlJ litis relil(ious mflishy attention [0 his wise words for they wcre Pyuu and the friend must answer the foreigners in mid July a great tlood tion wos mobilised axoinsl lite GenntllJ II bent on a course of lolly and they went to same words They must call Europeans would come and destroy all whites and lllOS 0 ftfollltionory messoge wtllIse (tIhmiddot the elders and relatives of ~gwira to pershy not Europeans but Warautumshytheir followers Later it was said that the lislted leoders orlto opposed il oftllI IOIlIlt suade them that they must convince Ngshy buchere because their stomachs must earth would open and swallow them that tltnnselves sorept ositle by tlte force ofpoputlr wira of the wisdom of lollowing Hongo be speared Every man that had been no bullets but only water would come belie Tlte followinx occount of0 Itonl(o ()lIIfJ His relatives refused at first tor they had anointed was to pay a present of three

been bought by the Europeans and reshy pence to Hongo Every man was to sewfrom the soldiers guns seen lions from 0 remoll oreo llt-idundo II is 11IIltIIshy

ceived much money but eventually they one pesa into the fold of his loincloth lor would come and destroy the enemy be pOllteric but it sltOflPS very c1eor~v lite lIIiIII too changed their minds this would sharpen his intelligence and not afraid Kolelo spares his black chilshy niol morocter oftlte movement

Hongo appointed himself chief of the to wear on his head a turban made from dren district In Vidunda there was a certain the leaves of a castor oil plant tied up Soon however other voices intershy In that year there arrived in the counshyArab trader and Hongo ordered that he with string and two stalks of mmmavened Now it was not Kolelo who cared try a certain man a great deceher called should be caught and beheaded as he because thus the Europeans would not for his children but God himself who Hongo Hongo asked the people was the servant of the Europeans He be able to see him had previously sent Kolelo Kolelo howshy whether they were prepared to sit down was wounded but slipped from the hands When Hongo saw that his strength wasever had not adequately fulfilled his under the European order to pay the tax of his enemies and ran awav to Ngwira increasing and that many people weretask so that God himself now appeared of three rupees every year and they anshywho hid him in his house and after a few following him he gathered them toshyClearly linked to his new situation was swered that they could not help themshydays sent him secretly to Kilosa to give gether to go and take Kilusa everything said at the time about the selves for how could they fight the Eushythe news to the DO that the country resurrection of the dead since according ropeans with their guns when they

135 134

nV tne end of AIIKllst tnt 1110telllenl nlld sprrod SOlllRords inlo lite Lllkllltdi Volley flNsWords 10 tile JlollmKe Plotoll ondllle volley ofIlle Aiombero itel)wllm tile milshylenniol messoKe was corned by II(JIIKO Rom Illey arrived in lndolnbo in Ille AilomJero Volley tIIey mel Ille Opposilion of Ille local cllit Undole

Bwana Undole heard of the approachshying war of Maji ~Iaji while he was staying at Kumwembe village The war had already reached tlngeta which was near Merera IUndoles capital hen the news was announced Lindole sent one of the elders to Ilngeta to investigate On arrival the envoy luckily met the people who had brought the maji medishycine The natives of Mngeta had already taken the maji and wore small pieces of reed on their heads They advised the visitor to take the maji as well But the visitor wanted first to know what was the meaning of drinking the maji They told him We drink this maji medicine so that European and local wars will not harm us If by bad luck war comes bulshylets and spears will not harm us Bullets and spears will not penetlJte our skins And they told him many more things in order to attract him The man liked their news and wished to get the medicine They told him If you want the medishycine you must pay two cents He paid the cents to those with the medicine for that was what it COSt After he had drunk the medicine they tied small pieces of reed around his head and made him wear one cent and told him he could return home That is the sign of comradeship When you reach home tell all the people that they must dress like you Those who will not dress like this will be taken for Swahili and will be killed He bade his hosts farewell and returned to Mershyera

When he arrived home he explained to his master all that he had seen Further he told him how the maji (omshyrades had promised to isit his country

eastern Africa

After Undole had been told the ncws the follOWing morning he called a mcetshying of all elders and courtiers and exshyplained to them the conditions regarding the maji When the heads of the COUntrv arrived he harangued them saying I d~) not want to hear that in my COUntry there are people who drink the majL Further I do not like to invite the maji carriers into my COUntry ~Iaji Ilaji is a sham medishycine brought by the Ngindo lIpondas And if you agree to drink thc maji do not complain to me later for neither I nor my children will a1ree [0

take this maji Europeans do not want this nonsense

After they had finished their business in Mngeta the waganga of the maji proshyceeded to Mzee Masalika at ~Ikaja There they cheated people includin1 Masalika who was made to drink the of immortality Imaji ya uzima His peoshyple also took the maji although lIndolc had tried very hard to prevent that The waganga then left for llakuwas at Lugoda He drank the maji as well

Few mlers were slrong mONKli 10 sisl to leocllillg and manv wen onxiolls 10 jO(fe il Tile Ngoni rllieft for example joilledelu11 ill Stplemher wllell Ille moj fIIIOS broll111 10 Songeo bl Ngintlo IIonl(O ltd by Omtlli AIIIshyjolo Herr as a lIIission Itocller expltlilf((I one problem was 10 hrillK Clrrislian lOlIttllJ

inlo Ille 11IOf-elnenl

When I saw that it was not safe for me OUt in the open I slept in the hut of an Ngoni who had not yet taken the medishycine I could not sleep however beshycause the yells and Saidi greetings of the Ngoni roused me from my sleep A few even came into the hut but they were friends of mine who were fond of me They had taken the medicine alshyready and urged me to go there as well If you go there they said no harm will come to you If you do not you will be killed But you need not go yourself we will bring you medicine Only you

RecOrds of MaJI Mall

must not leave the hut tomorrow until we arrive for the country now belongs to Hongo and everything which the Ngoni seize they must bring to Hongo-it does not belong to them Everything will now follow Ngoni custom They will kill everyone they find with European clothes Therefore our friend take our advice then vou will he

AIIKllsl 19(1 WlIS Ille 1II0nlll of (irlones Bv its end Gennon form eistetl on~v on lie (()Osland in Ille fOllr powerflll lIIililOI) sttshylions 01 Jollenge Aiosa IrinKa Inti Songeo If Illey amptre 10 ftin tile JllIji IOll ftgllttrs IImllo (uptllre tIIese Slllliolls 011 3(1 AllguSI lie ~bllnKtI and POKoro peoples lried 10 tole Jlallmge A lIIissionol) descrihed Illis gnolesl sinKle lIclion oftile nsinK III I1t111enKe 6omo tile dol IIt1d btflIn ftilll exe(lIlioIlS

Scarcely were the five condemned men hanging on the trees when a messhysenger rushed in with the news that the enemy were approaching Everyone made for the post allotted to him and peered out in the direction of 1son1o from whieh they were supposed to be coming We did not have to wait long before catching sight of the first groups These groups halted in sight of the boma probably waiting for each other Shonlv after seven oclock they adshyvanced on the boma in close columns There must have been over a thousand men Since they came to make an end of all of us we had to defend ourselves and take part in the firing which opened on the attackers at about a thousand metres 1wo machine-guns Europeans alld solshydiers rained death and destruction among the ranks of the advancing enshyemy Although we saw the ranks thin the survivors maintained order for about a quarter of an hour marching closer amidst a hail of bullets But then the ranks broke apan and took cover behind the numerous small rocks Now and again a group rushed our on to the road lifted one of the fallen and quickly fled

again behind the rocks Scurrying from rock to rock they made their retreat Then suddenly the cry rang OUt New enemy on the Gambira side Everyone looked in that direction and there thick clouds of smoke were rising from our three schools and a second column of at least 1200 men was advancing towards us Fire was opened upon them immeshydiately The enemy sought to reach ~Iashyhenge village at the double There they were hidden by the houses and stormed lip the road towards the boma As soon as they reappeared within ran1e they were met by deafening fire The first attackers were only three paces from the firing line when they sank to the ground struck by deadly bullets Those behind them lost courage turned and scanered Forshytunately the attack had been beaten off When no more enemy could be seen the Station Commander climbed down from the top of the boma tower from which he had commanded the defence and distributed champagne

The foillln 10 loke I1llllmfe ws tile tllrnmiddot illg point of tile rising Sew German forces moved into tile libertlttd retls First to rife tile Jlotllmbi ftere also Ilieirst to slIffer

They surrounded the German stockshyade in many files The Ilaji Ilaji warriors shot seeral times but the Germans did not reply Then at fie in the mornshying the European ordered his askari to fire as the tgtlatumbi tried to break into the stockade Oh so many people died that day For they had not known what a machine-gun was They thought that the Germans had run out of ammunition and were beating empty tins to frighten them away Thus the stubborn ones received bullets some in their legs others in their backs and others in their noses Far too many people died that day Great mournshying followed in the whole tgtlatumbi country From then on they fought in small groups waylaying the German askari

137 136

And they were severely beaten as the machine-gun helped the Germans very much They fought up to five in the evening When they realised they were being killed in numbers they tied cryshying Kinjikitile you hae cheated us

In Liwale il was lite same

After the war streams of blood reshymained The whole area between the boma and the Liwale River was covered with blood and the river itself was all blood They had said that the un would spurt water But it was all lies After that nobody had any desire to fiht the Euroshypeans They said Those Wamatumbi cheated us They said the Europeans gun would not lire but how is it that we are now being wiped out So when we heard that the Europeans were coming (0

Liwale we hid ourselves in the bush

By Ortober 19pound Inrte lIIonrns after Ine rising nod slarteri Gennan fOlres uYere xoinshyinK Ine inilialitt vow Ine 1I(lii Jai jifltlm nad 10 rleftnd Inemseltes kl guerrillo (Inion Tne lerms olsurrender frere narsn

The following terms of submission either for individuals or for whole areas are to be imposed accordin to circumshystances

I The surrender of ringleaders and witch-doctors 1 The surrender of all firearms bows arrows and spears If necessary pressure may be exerted on the people by arresting the headmen until the reshyquired weapons have been surrenshydered 3 Besides the tax which he normally pays every man who submits is to pay a fine of three rupees In cases where this is not available the man is to be required to perform paid labour for a productive enterprise of a public corshyporation in order to eam the fine The requirement of fines does not prejudice the right of military com-

Eastern Africa

manders to require especially rcfracshytory tribes to perform compulsory labour e g to construct fonificashytions 4 Major sultans and other intluenrial tribal leaders who declare the submisshysion of the native communities the rule are to be required to provide COIlshy

tingents of several hundred men for punithe and compUlsory l~boLlr for the government on the coast The punitive labour will last thrce (0 six months for each contingent

10 surrender fras biller and a r(~11I 0 letror began in Inc villages

An order was issued that the nlpoundics should capitulate because they tOuld not fight the Europeans Some agreed to surshyrender and went to Kibata Their guns and spears were destroyed and the wcre given pieces of white cloth to be used as the flag of peace The white flags werc (0

be fixed on the tops of their houses or in the ground before their homes On the other hand some people hated and killcd those who had capitulated too soon So the business of ~Iaji ~Iaji began And more askari swarmed the counshytry Askari were then sent to villages to seize food and peoples grain Ilowshyever it was better if white rather than black askari came to the village These African askari killed emiddoteryone children elders and women They ripped open pregnant women and left them [0 die And sometimes they did worse things which 1 cannot tell here for they were really terri ble

As well os Ine asiari Inc Jaji I(~iilihtshyers faced Ine ouxiliaries I1IAom Ine Gmllfllls rtCrtliled from tribes wnicn did nol )oill Ihf rishlg TAe follofyenPinK arcount is JImiddot fI lII(tn

from easlern Unene I1Ino fougAl OKailisr rlf rising in lite Kilombero Valley

Jumbe Pangamasasi the jumbe of Muhanga brought the news Then we

Records of Mall Mall

went at night to tell the Europeans that Pangamasasi had brought news that the Vahonga had reached his country they told him to drink the medicine now he refused-Pangamasasi has come pound0 break the news here We set off when we set off we journeyed until we arrived l[

Muhanga They said The enemies are at Mungeta [in the Kilombero Valley at the foot of the lJzungwa escarpmeml We set off at midnight We wem right over the hill by the time it had dawned we had descended on the other side Those Vahonga had run away they said Here it is too near the hill the people will run imo the hills we will not kill many people Then they withdrew they went to the marsh they went right into the elepham grass We met at Kashypalala Now when we reached them at Kapalala we found some asleep the whole army had gone to lie in ambush in the grass there and then some said We shall go in the morning to our friends actually it is those whom we found asleep and then we captured them When we had caught those people we said Where is thc battle Thev said The battle is on the path which goes to

Ifakara Our leader Swana Fungashyshenzi said-he said I do not want to go there I want to go to ~Iudemu Ian Mbunga headmanl We returned on the road to (takara Now we are going to ~Iudemu We went there and then we heard the noise coming from behind We said People are coming shouting beshyhind where have they come from these people-and we passed on The Euroshypean said Hi you will go with soldier Mpandajumula he will fire a gun After that man has fired a gun the Vambunga will run away )ou you will run after them you will go you will run after them with stabbin spears only

We started at a run we are running we are running after nm a long time our leader said Eeep and we stood still He said Smp I see a lot of enemies We stopped We saw those people were

emerging he saw them and said All to

the right We went to the right and then we just lay down we lay in the grass When we lay there in the grass they began but did not see us Then they looked now they are looking at the Europeans shoeprints the shoeprims of the soldiers they were not on the road Again they returned they were movin back and forth in a roup they returned They are looking for shoeprints there were none there Actually we had hidshyden we were there we were there in the grass where we were lying The Euroshypean then saw that they were really all gathered together the people gathered together were many He passed behind we saw he had gone to the back He said Lez ali and they lifted their uns to their shoulders Fiya-uwoo After the guns had sounded then they all came together the enemy they were coming now they were coming towards us Then they reathed us-soldier ~Iashyjilali Oaudi they stabbed him they reached another soldier Lisasi whom thev speared-then Kais malis malis Thus he has given the order now we are runnin away we are going into the grass we go into the grass because here in the open space we shall all be finished We entered the elephant faSS The commander turned He said Eepl Thus they all turned and put their guns to their shoulders Now the Vambunga are trying to come they are following the tracks which we had made It strikes he is on the ground it strikes he is on the ground They try to come they are unable to pass on the side The Vambunla failed completely Now the battle was getting hot We shot [hey were quite finished they tried to run away out there and we ourselves went out As we looked we saw [hev were quite finished

0 Ine Germans rne leaders of Ine risinK were rebels ro be exeruted So il flfS in Jlalumbi

135 134

nV tne end of AIIKllst tnt 1110telllenl nlld sprrod SOlllRords inlo lite Lllkllltdi Volley flNsWords 10 tile JlollmKe Plotoll ondllle volley ofIlle Aiombero itel)wllm tile milshylenniol messoKe was corned by II(JIIKO Rom Illey arrived in lndolnbo in Ille AilomJero Volley tIIey mel Ille Opposilion of Ille local cllit Undole

Bwana Undole heard of the approachshying war of Maji ~Iaji while he was staying at Kumwembe village The war had already reached tlngeta which was near Merera IUndoles capital hen the news was announced Lindole sent one of the elders to Ilngeta to investigate On arrival the envoy luckily met the people who had brought the maji medishycine The natives of Mngeta had already taken the maji and wore small pieces of reed on their heads They advised the visitor to take the maji as well But the visitor wanted first to know what was the meaning of drinking the maji They told him We drink this maji medicine so that European and local wars will not harm us If by bad luck war comes bulshylets and spears will not harm us Bullets and spears will not penetlJte our skins And they told him many more things in order to attract him The man liked their news and wished to get the medicine They told him If you want the medishycine you must pay two cents He paid the cents to those with the medicine for that was what it COSt After he had drunk the medicine they tied small pieces of reed around his head and made him wear one cent and told him he could return home That is the sign of comradeship When you reach home tell all the people that they must dress like you Those who will not dress like this will be taken for Swahili and will be killed He bade his hosts farewell and returned to Mershyera

When he arrived home he explained to his master all that he had seen Further he told him how the maji (omshyrades had promised to isit his country

eastern Africa

After Undole had been told the ncws the follOWing morning he called a mcetshying of all elders and courtiers and exshyplained to them the conditions regarding the maji When the heads of the COUntrv arrived he harangued them saying I d~) not want to hear that in my COUntry there are people who drink the majL Further I do not like to invite the maji carriers into my COUntry ~Iaji Ilaji is a sham medishycine brought by the Ngindo lIpondas And if you agree to drink thc maji do not complain to me later for neither I nor my children will a1ree [0

take this maji Europeans do not want this nonsense

After they had finished their business in Mngeta the waganga of the maji proshyceeded to Mzee Masalika at ~Ikaja There they cheated people includin1 Masalika who was made to drink the of immortality Imaji ya uzima His peoshyple also took the maji although lIndolc had tried very hard to prevent that The waganga then left for llakuwas at Lugoda He drank the maji as well

Few mlers were slrong mONKli 10 sisl to leocllillg and manv wen onxiolls 10 jO(fe il Tile Ngoni rllieft for example joilledelu11 ill Stplemher wllell Ille moj fIIIOS broll111 10 Songeo bl Ngintlo IIonl(O ltd by Omtlli AIIIshyjolo Herr as a lIIission Itocller expltlilf((I one problem was 10 hrillK Clrrislian lOlIttllJ

inlo Ille 11IOf-elnenl

When I saw that it was not safe for me OUt in the open I slept in the hut of an Ngoni who had not yet taken the medishycine I could not sleep however beshycause the yells and Saidi greetings of the Ngoni roused me from my sleep A few even came into the hut but they were friends of mine who were fond of me They had taken the medicine alshyready and urged me to go there as well If you go there they said no harm will come to you If you do not you will be killed But you need not go yourself we will bring you medicine Only you

RecOrds of MaJI Mall

must not leave the hut tomorrow until we arrive for the country now belongs to Hongo and everything which the Ngoni seize they must bring to Hongo-it does not belong to them Everything will now follow Ngoni custom They will kill everyone they find with European clothes Therefore our friend take our advice then vou will he

AIIKllsl 19(1 WlIS Ille 1II0nlll of (irlones Bv its end Gennon form eistetl on~v on lie (()Osland in Ille fOllr powerflll lIIililOI) sttshylions 01 Jollenge Aiosa IrinKa Inti Songeo If Illey amptre 10 ftin tile JllIji IOll ftgllttrs IImllo (uptllre tIIese Slllliolls 011 3(1 AllguSI lie ~bllnKtI and POKoro peoples lried 10 tole Jlallmge A lIIissionol) descrihed Illis gnolesl sinKle lIclion oftile nsinK III I1t111enKe 6omo tile dol IIt1d btflIn ftilll exe(lIlioIlS

Scarcely were the five condemned men hanging on the trees when a messhysenger rushed in with the news that the enemy were approaching Everyone made for the post allotted to him and peered out in the direction of 1son1o from whieh they were supposed to be coming We did not have to wait long before catching sight of the first groups These groups halted in sight of the boma probably waiting for each other Shonlv after seven oclock they adshyvanced on the boma in close columns There must have been over a thousand men Since they came to make an end of all of us we had to defend ourselves and take part in the firing which opened on the attackers at about a thousand metres 1wo machine-guns Europeans alld solshydiers rained death and destruction among the ranks of the advancing enshyemy Although we saw the ranks thin the survivors maintained order for about a quarter of an hour marching closer amidst a hail of bullets But then the ranks broke apan and took cover behind the numerous small rocks Now and again a group rushed our on to the road lifted one of the fallen and quickly fled

again behind the rocks Scurrying from rock to rock they made their retreat Then suddenly the cry rang OUt New enemy on the Gambira side Everyone looked in that direction and there thick clouds of smoke were rising from our three schools and a second column of at least 1200 men was advancing towards us Fire was opened upon them immeshydiately The enemy sought to reach ~Iashyhenge village at the double There they were hidden by the houses and stormed lip the road towards the boma As soon as they reappeared within ran1e they were met by deafening fire The first attackers were only three paces from the firing line when they sank to the ground struck by deadly bullets Those behind them lost courage turned and scanered Forshytunately the attack had been beaten off When no more enemy could be seen the Station Commander climbed down from the top of the boma tower from which he had commanded the defence and distributed champagne

The foillln 10 loke I1llllmfe ws tile tllrnmiddot illg point of tile rising Sew German forces moved into tile libertlttd retls First to rife tile Jlotllmbi ftere also Ilieirst to slIffer

They surrounded the German stockshyade in many files The Ilaji Ilaji warriors shot seeral times but the Germans did not reply Then at fie in the mornshying the European ordered his askari to fire as the tgtlatumbi tried to break into the stockade Oh so many people died that day For they had not known what a machine-gun was They thought that the Germans had run out of ammunition and were beating empty tins to frighten them away Thus the stubborn ones received bullets some in their legs others in their backs and others in their noses Far too many people died that day Great mournshying followed in the whole tgtlatumbi country From then on they fought in small groups waylaying the German askari

137 136

And they were severely beaten as the machine-gun helped the Germans very much They fought up to five in the evening When they realised they were being killed in numbers they tied cryshying Kinjikitile you hae cheated us

In Liwale il was lite same

After the war streams of blood reshymained The whole area between the boma and the Liwale River was covered with blood and the river itself was all blood They had said that the un would spurt water But it was all lies After that nobody had any desire to fiht the Euroshypeans They said Those Wamatumbi cheated us They said the Europeans gun would not lire but how is it that we are now being wiped out So when we heard that the Europeans were coming (0

Liwale we hid ourselves in the bush

By Ortober 19pound Inrte lIIonrns after Ine rising nod slarteri Gennan fOlres uYere xoinshyinK Ine inilialitt vow Ine 1I(lii Jai jifltlm nad 10 rleftnd Inemseltes kl guerrillo (Inion Tne lerms olsurrender frere narsn

The following terms of submission either for individuals or for whole areas are to be imposed accordin to circumshystances

I The surrender of ringleaders and witch-doctors 1 The surrender of all firearms bows arrows and spears If necessary pressure may be exerted on the people by arresting the headmen until the reshyquired weapons have been surrenshydered 3 Besides the tax which he normally pays every man who submits is to pay a fine of three rupees In cases where this is not available the man is to be required to perform paid labour for a productive enterprise of a public corshyporation in order to eam the fine The requirement of fines does not prejudice the right of military com-

Eastern Africa

manders to require especially rcfracshytory tribes to perform compulsory labour e g to construct fonificashytions 4 Major sultans and other intluenrial tribal leaders who declare the submisshysion of the native communities the rule are to be required to provide COIlshy

tingents of several hundred men for punithe and compUlsory l~boLlr for the government on the coast The punitive labour will last thrce (0 six months for each contingent

10 surrender fras biller and a r(~11I 0 letror began in Inc villages

An order was issued that the nlpoundics should capitulate because they tOuld not fight the Europeans Some agreed to surshyrender and went to Kibata Their guns and spears were destroyed and the wcre given pieces of white cloth to be used as the flag of peace The white flags werc (0

be fixed on the tops of their houses or in the ground before their homes On the other hand some people hated and killcd those who had capitulated too soon So the business of ~Iaji ~Iaji began And more askari swarmed the counshytry Askari were then sent to villages to seize food and peoples grain Ilowshyever it was better if white rather than black askari came to the village These African askari killed emiddoteryone children elders and women They ripped open pregnant women and left them [0 die And sometimes they did worse things which 1 cannot tell here for they were really terri ble

As well os Ine asiari Inc Jaji I(~iilihtshyers faced Ine ouxiliaries I1IAom Ine Gmllfllls rtCrtliled from tribes wnicn did nol )oill Ihf rishlg TAe follofyenPinK arcount is JImiddot fI lII(tn

from easlern Unene I1Ino fougAl OKailisr rlf rising in lite Kilombero Valley

Jumbe Pangamasasi the jumbe of Muhanga brought the news Then we

Records of Mall Mall

went at night to tell the Europeans that Pangamasasi had brought news that the Vahonga had reached his country they told him to drink the medicine now he refused-Pangamasasi has come pound0 break the news here We set off when we set off we journeyed until we arrived l[

Muhanga They said The enemies are at Mungeta [in the Kilombero Valley at the foot of the lJzungwa escarpmeml We set off at midnight We wem right over the hill by the time it had dawned we had descended on the other side Those Vahonga had run away they said Here it is too near the hill the people will run imo the hills we will not kill many people Then they withdrew they went to the marsh they went right into the elepham grass We met at Kashypalala Now when we reached them at Kapalala we found some asleep the whole army had gone to lie in ambush in the grass there and then some said We shall go in the morning to our friends actually it is those whom we found asleep and then we captured them When we had caught those people we said Where is thc battle Thev said The battle is on the path which goes to

Ifakara Our leader Swana Fungashyshenzi said-he said I do not want to go there I want to go to ~Iudemu Ian Mbunga headmanl We returned on the road to (takara Now we are going to ~Iudemu We went there and then we heard the noise coming from behind We said People are coming shouting beshyhind where have they come from these people-and we passed on The Euroshypean said Hi you will go with soldier Mpandajumula he will fire a gun After that man has fired a gun the Vambunga will run away )ou you will run after them you will go you will run after them with stabbin spears only

We started at a run we are running we are running after nm a long time our leader said Eeep and we stood still He said Smp I see a lot of enemies We stopped We saw those people were

emerging he saw them and said All to

the right We went to the right and then we just lay down we lay in the grass When we lay there in the grass they began but did not see us Then they looked now they are looking at the Europeans shoeprints the shoeprims of the soldiers they were not on the road Again they returned they were movin back and forth in a roup they returned They are looking for shoeprints there were none there Actually we had hidshyden we were there we were there in the grass where we were lying The Euroshypean then saw that they were really all gathered together the people gathered together were many He passed behind we saw he had gone to the back He said Lez ali and they lifted their uns to their shoulders Fiya-uwoo After the guns had sounded then they all came together the enemy they were coming now they were coming towards us Then they reathed us-soldier ~Iashyjilali Oaudi they stabbed him they reached another soldier Lisasi whom thev speared-then Kais malis malis Thus he has given the order now we are runnin away we are going into the grass we go into the grass because here in the open space we shall all be finished We entered the elephant faSS The commander turned He said Eepl Thus they all turned and put their guns to their shoulders Now the Vambunga are trying to come they are following the tracks which we had made It strikes he is on the ground it strikes he is on the ground They try to come they are unable to pass on the side The Vambunla failed completely Now the battle was getting hot We shot [hey were quite finished they tried to run away out there and we ourselves went out As we looked we saw [hev were quite finished

0 Ine Germans rne leaders of Ine risinK were rebels ro be exeruted So il flfS in Jlalumbi

137 136

And they were severely beaten as the machine-gun helped the Germans very much They fought up to five in the evening When they realised they were being killed in numbers they tied cryshying Kinjikitile you hae cheated us

In Liwale il was lite same

After the war streams of blood reshymained The whole area between the boma and the Liwale River was covered with blood and the river itself was all blood They had said that the un would spurt water But it was all lies After that nobody had any desire to fiht the Euroshypeans They said Those Wamatumbi cheated us They said the Europeans gun would not lire but how is it that we are now being wiped out So when we heard that the Europeans were coming (0

Liwale we hid ourselves in the bush

By Ortober 19pound Inrte lIIonrns after Ine rising nod slarteri Gennan fOlres uYere xoinshyinK Ine inilialitt vow Ine 1I(lii Jai jifltlm nad 10 rleftnd Inemseltes kl guerrillo (Inion Tne lerms olsurrender frere narsn

The following terms of submission either for individuals or for whole areas are to be imposed accordin to circumshystances

I The surrender of ringleaders and witch-doctors 1 The surrender of all firearms bows arrows and spears If necessary pressure may be exerted on the people by arresting the headmen until the reshyquired weapons have been surrenshydered 3 Besides the tax which he normally pays every man who submits is to pay a fine of three rupees In cases where this is not available the man is to be required to perform paid labour for a productive enterprise of a public corshyporation in order to eam the fine The requirement of fines does not prejudice the right of military com-

Eastern Africa

manders to require especially rcfracshytory tribes to perform compulsory labour e g to construct fonificashytions 4 Major sultans and other intluenrial tribal leaders who declare the submisshysion of the native communities the rule are to be required to provide COIlshy

tingents of several hundred men for punithe and compUlsory l~boLlr for the government on the coast The punitive labour will last thrce (0 six months for each contingent

10 surrender fras biller and a r(~11I 0 letror began in Inc villages

An order was issued that the nlpoundics should capitulate because they tOuld not fight the Europeans Some agreed to surshyrender and went to Kibata Their guns and spears were destroyed and the wcre given pieces of white cloth to be used as the flag of peace The white flags werc (0

be fixed on the tops of their houses or in the ground before their homes On the other hand some people hated and killcd those who had capitulated too soon So the business of ~Iaji ~Iaji began And more askari swarmed the counshytry Askari were then sent to villages to seize food and peoples grain Ilowshyever it was better if white rather than black askari came to the village These African askari killed emiddoteryone children elders and women They ripped open pregnant women and left them [0 die And sometimes they did worse things which 1 cannot tell here for they were really terri ble

As well os Ine asiari Inc Jaji I(~iilihtshyers faced Ine ouxiliaries I1IAom Ine Gmllfllls rtCrtliled from tribes wnicn did nol )oill Ihf rishlg TAe follofyenPinK arcount is JImiddot fI lII(tn

from easlern Unene I1Ino fougAl OKailisr rlf rising in lite Kilombero Valley

Jumbe Pangamasasi the jumbe of Muhanga brought the news Then we

Records of Mall Mall

went at night to tell the Europeans that Pangamasasi had brought news that the Vahonga had reached his country they told him to drink the medicine now he refused-Pangamasasi has come pound0 break the news here We set off when we set off we journeyed until we arrived l[

Muhanga They said The enemies are at Mungeta [in the Kilombero Valley at the foot of the lJzungwa escarpmeml We set off at midnight We wem right over the hill by the time it had dawned we had descended on the other side Those Vahonga had run away they said Here it is too near the hill the people will run imo the hills we will not kill many people Then they withdrew they went to the marsh they went right into the elepham grass We met at Kashypalala Now when we reached them at Kapalala we found some asleep the whole army had gone to lie in ambush in the grass there and then some said We shall go in the morning to our friends actually it is those whom we found asleep and then we captured them When we had caught those people we said Where is thc battle Thev said The battle is on the path which goes to

Ifakara Our leader Swana Fungashyshenzi said-he said I do not want to go there I want to go to ~Iudemu Ian Mbunga headmanl We returned on the road to (takara Now we are going to ~Iudemu We went there and then we heard the noise coming from behind We said People are coming shouting beshyhind where have they come from these people-and we passed on The Euroshypean said Hi you will go with soldier Mpandajumula he will fire a gun After that man has fired a gun the Vambunga will run away )ou you will run after them you will go you will run after them with stabbin spears only

We started at a run we are running we are running after nm a long time our leader said Eeep and we stood still He said Smp I see a lot of enemies We stopped We saw those people were

emerging he saw them and said All to

the right We went to the right and then we just lay down we lay in the grass When we lay there in the grass they began but did not see us Then they looked now they are looking at the Europeans shoeprints the shoeprims of the soldiers they were not on the road Again they returned they were movin back and forth in a roup they returned They are looking for shoeprints there were none there Actually we had hidshyden we were there we were there in the grass where we were lying The Euroshypean then saw that they were really all gathered together the people gathered together were many He passed behind we saw he had gone to the back He said Lez ali and they lifted their uns to their shoulders Fiya-uwoo After the guns had sounded then they all came together the enemy they were coming now they were coming towards us Then they reathed us-soldier ~Iashyjilali Oaudi they stabbed him they reached another soldier Lisasi whom thev speared-then Kais malis malis Thus he has given the order now we are runnin away we are going into the grass we go into the grass because here in the open space we shall all be finished We entered the elephant faSS The commander turned He said Eepl Thus they all turned and put their guns to their shoulders Now the Vambunga are trying to come they are following the tracks which we had made It strikes he is on the ground it strikes he is on the ground They try to come they are unable to pass on the side The Vambunla failed completely Now the battle was getting hot We shot [hey were quite finished they tried to run away out there and we ourselves went out As we looked we saw [hev were quite finished

0 Ine Germans rne leaders of Ine risinK were rebels ro be exeruted So il flfS in Jlalumbi

139 laB

This is how it took place We the children were called on the day of exshyecmion We stood in the front line Beshyhind us stood women and lastly adult men in the third row Then they brought the victim with much fuss after amiddot trumpet had been blown They made him stand before three piled up empty boxes Then the Bwana 1lkubwa deshyscended from his seat and stood before us to give reasons for the execution of that man Then he would say in a typical German altCent Do you hear you chilshydren And we would answer es our Greatness Then he asked the women Do you all hear you women And they answered IS our Greatness He asked the adult men and they anshyswered in the same manner es our Greatness Then he ordered a sergeant to make the victim mount the three boxes He climbed and they pm a rope round his neck The boxes beneath his feet were pushed away and he hung and died 1saw three such cases with my own eyes

On 27 Fthruary 1906 jorty-tif11I Nl(oni Itadtrs itd on tltt stajfod il Songta olllonl( thtm Nkos Jlputa Gamo paramount cltie 0 sOllthtl7l llnfoni Fr Johannes Hiijlifer wos with them befon their eath

The District Officer let Fr Johannes know that the sultans were to be hanged today He could if necessary see for himshyself whether any of them wished to be baptised (For Fr Johannes had preshyviously sought permission from the Disshytrict Officer to baptise them if possible) Fr Johannes therefore went in[() the gaol or rather into the passage between the gaols in which the condemned men were lodged They had just received sentence and things in the gaol were therefore animated Each still had comshymissions for his dependents [() carry Out As soon as Fr Johannes set foot in the place some of those he knew came to him and asked him [() undertake these

ampiltnlfrn Atlrlca

commissions which he said he was preshypared to do Then he asked some who had already received a certain amount of instruction at Peramiho Do you not wish to be baptised before you die They asked Can we do that When they were assured of this many raised their hands and called out I want to be baptised and I and I A few who had not as yet received any instruction asked what this was all about Fr Johannes told them that if they would only be quiet he would explain it to them Mputa himself then demanded silence and Fr Johannes insHucted them briefly in the essential truths and on baptism and conshytrition Then he asked who wanted [0 be baptised Th irty-one men declared themselves ready for baptism amon~ them Sultan Mpma Seventeen men among whom were numbered a few Muslims wished to know nothin~ of baptism Despite exhortation lIpamshybalymo said briefly 1 will die a pagan Msimanimoto a chief from the nei~hshybourhood of Peramiho also wamcd to

know nothing of baptism for he proshytested that he would die blameless hc had done no wrong Even those who had taken part in the attack on Kigonsera offered themselves for baptism althou~h they had not previously received instrucshytion Some-Fratera for examplcshyshowed themselves especially pleased that they could still be baptised Onc asked whether he would truly rise again The District Officer had allowed half an hour but not all had been baptised when this expired so that he extended it slightly When all were baptised they were called out in threes and their hands bound Then they were led OUt to the gallows which were alongside the gaol outside the boma Some took leave of Fr Johannes with the words Until we meet again As he went out MpU[a who showed genuine contrition said in his bad Swahili BU[ Kinjala led me asshytray

The mood of the condemned men a-

Recorda of Mall Mall

ried Some cheered themselves with the fact that they could at least all die (()shygether Kasembe declared Why should we fear to die My father is dead my mother is dead now do I merely follow them A few began to tremble someshywhat as they were called out and bound Others sat quietly by and one could see from their behaior that they were grieved and reluctant to die On the whole the business sat lightly on many who chattered and laughed as at any other time One asked Fr johannes for a pinch of snuft Since he had none he applied to Sergeant Leder who stood watch to get some from the guard At this others also wamed snuff but no more could be obtained Some began to sing as they were led out A fe howshyever cursed the District Officer esshypecially lIpambalyoto declared that Chabruma would soon come to revenge them Several asked Fr johnannes to tell their families to bury them themshy

bull selves to buy cloth for the purpose and to wrap them in it Bonjoli flatly deshymanded that Fr johannes should arshyrange it so that he was not hanged-from now on he would bc true Fratera praed aloud the Our Father and Hail Mary and said after he had been inshystructed that at the end he would pray Jesus Saviour receive my spirit For one the affair went on too long He wanted to be led out before his tum Fr Johannes remained in the gaol until all had been led out exhorting them to prayer and to a sense of comrition

Thus many found at the end a mershyciful death many who otherwise stood in grave peril of being lost eternally God be thanked for it

A vast crowd had naturally assembled outside to be witnesses of the spectacle

At evening the hanged men were burshyied in a large common grave

The gnat men 0 Ungoni were dead Ollt other men flNn figltlin~or their lives in Kliershyrila warfare throughollt tlte SOlltlt

The war is going on just the same the Wamakonde are to the nonh of Chitanshygali river they have rebelled a~ain in these days and the fighting is there I think it will be many days before the fighting ceases for the rebels on every side would rather die than be under the Germans and many of them have died and their wives and children have been taken for spoil but they will not leave off tighting

Germon forres hod no militar) onSlZer to

Kllemlltl warfon Istead the) uretIlmine One commander Itod rerommentied thif as early as Ortooer J915

In my view only hunger and want can bring about a final submission Military actions alone will remain more or less a drop in the ocean The people will be compelled to abandon their resistance completely only when the food supplies now available hae been consumed their houses have been destroyed bv constant raids and they have been deshyprived of the opportunitmiddot to cultivate new fields

Some officers SlfJ omine f a lilltll solushytion to tht threa 0molt Cllptoin Ridlfer in Son~eo oelieted this

When Fr johannes drew the District Officers attention to the possibly immishynent famine he replied Thats right the fellows can just starve We shall be sure to get food for ourselves If I could I would even prevem them from planting anything This is the onl way that we can make the fellows sick of war

Nine years oton 0 sChoolfirl in Chiwoto Itod expressed Iter bitterness llf Germon rule Now a fRomed woman she rerorded he horror 0staroation

We and all the people in our village are in the same condition we are suffering from famine Since my birth I have never

l 141140 eastern Africa RecOrda of MaJI Mall

seen such scarcity I have seen famine the famine after tlaji tlaji Peoplc uieu were defeated in the years 1905 and nationalism and ollirst their feelings were but not one causing people to die But in in multitudes and bodies were left to rot mixed1906 this famine many are dying some are as there was nobody able to bury them unable to do any work at all they have People slept in the open for there were The movement of Kinjikitile and his

Fifty rears passed before articulale lanzoshymaji went around like TANU You knowno strength their food consists of insects no houses and lions ate one after the nions expressed another viefC of Ille rising in that when tltNU started secreraries and from the woods which they dig up and other There was no seed to plant Durshypublic Addressing Ihe Ifd Nations ill other leaders were posted all over thecook and eat Some they eat without ing famine we ate insects Before 1956 Presidenl Nverere reofnised lite import country In Dar es Salaam TANU had cooking Many have died through eating the war the popUlation was very dense of tile rising on Ihe Kenerafion lItal folloWtd already been known Kinjikitiles words these things from the woods and wild and it was very difficult to find a piece of bUllie also cltilned if as (In inspiration to were known in Ngarambe and theyfruits Some do not die at once but when land on which to grow food If rOll gOt OJ lan1(nion n(lionalisln-111 inspiratioll spread through extensive lands by Jujilathey taste good food like millet maize small piece of land you thanked GoushyflIllich belonged 11I~ 10 tile people or Mtemela It is true that a source of

at once their bodies swell and they feel you only see much bush everywhere or beans etcbull which is their usual tOod there were too many people Now aJas

salvation cannot hide itself from the peoshyThere was no nationalist movement pleill and die but some recover

no nationalist agitators no westernised When TANU began some peopledemagogues or subversive Communists

Tllose wllo lIad foufltl and suffired 11111((

cried This is how llaji Maji began WeFor man ptoples as for Ille JolUINbi tile in hiflerness on IlIeir leaders Jlofumli Ill( who went about rhe country srirring up failed to drive away the Europeans bytrouble against rhe Germans The peoshy

famine marked tile end ofa Wo of lift song tllis song war How can we do this by a mere fifty

ple fought because they did nO[ believe cents Do not believe these they are in rhe white mans right to govern and

There came three years of famine The swindle of Kinjikitile cheats It is another Kinjikitile Not all

civilize the black They rose in a great Those who survived did so by Provishy He deceived people

accepted the news of maji Btl[ those rebellion not through fear of a terrorist

dence It was extremely fierce famshy 10 go to Ngarambe who did not suffered as well The

movement or a superstitious oath but inine and people denied their children and 10 drink the maji

Maji warriors hated and killed them and response to a natural call a call of the

wives It was only those who really loved the German askari did not discrimishy

spirit ringing in the hearts of all meneach other who remained together And For tile eduated men of Ille lilllf lllii

nate-he killed every African he came even these cooked their food under strict Joji ampos a lIideous lesson in Rumprtlll and of all rimes educated or unedushy across This was similar to TANU Some cared to rebel against foreign dominashy

regulations like this Down in the cookshy slrt1lfllI TIme years after tile end of IIII lisshyhave joned others have not but we are

tion It is important to hear this in minding pot was the childs food over which nf (J leorller worote 10 elebralt Ille bitlldm

all independent Is this not sowere laid pieces of wood Above these ofIlle German laiser in order to understand the nature ofsticks was put the wifes food and more a nationalist moement like mine Its Indeed il was so and with independenrsticks were placed The food of the husshy For what reason do the people celeshyfunction is not to create the spirit of reshy men beton to lItink again about the risillg IIband came on top During eating they brate this festival The Lord God bellion but to articulate it and show it a is well to end mere (lie story of Joji Iaji followed a similar procedure The husshy gives the Kaiser strength and power to new technique began in Jfalumbiband started first When he realthed the accomplish all that happens in the land

The struggle against the Germans sticks he knew his wifes food lay immeshy and to govern and order all things so tht

proved to our people the futility of trying Their camp was there at Madukanidiately below the sticks and that his they continue in peace As an examshyto drive out their masters by force That was the headquarters of the warshare stopped above them In the same ple I take this land of German East fshy

itself It would be fitting if that place way when the wife reached the sticks rica our land the land of the black she knew that only the childs share reshy people Formerly its condition was one tnd 611101 of the people Illemselves Thl) were honoured with a national flag For

mained On the other hand if they did of injustice The man with power treated oiso sow a connettion betrJetn Ila)i Ja)i alld that was [he beginning of freedom

not love each other everyone went his unjustly the man who had none Ilu[ way struggling to survie That is why now there is peace everywhere There is some men had [0 marry the same woman none who terrorises for all are under the twice for they had deserted them during Kaisers rule If anyone will not the famine When he searched for his keep the peace and live peacefull in his former wife her parents asked him land-if he seeks to disturb the counshyWhere did you leave her So he had to try-that man will be severely punished pay dowry again This famine was called for the Kaiser lacks nothing he has many Fugufugu There has never been the soldiers His strength and power are like either before or after Maji Maji great You have seen how those rebels Other famines are merely babes before the Maji-Maji or Hongo-Hongo people

l 141140 eastern Africa RecOrda of MaJI Mall

seen such scarcity I have seen famine the famine after tlaji tlaji Peoplc uieu were defeated in the years 1905 and nationalism and ollirst their feelings were but not one causing people to die But in in multitudes and bodies were left to rot mixed1906 this famine many are dying some are as there was nobody able to bury them unable to do any work at all they have People slept in the open for there were The movement of Kinjikitile and his

Fifty rears passed before articulale lanzoshymaji went around like TANU You knowno strength their food consists of insects no houses and lions ate one after the nions expressed another viefC of Ille rising in that when tltNU started secreraries and from the woods which they dig up and other There was no seed to plant Durshypublic Addressing Ihe Ifd Nations ill other leaders were posted all over thecook and eat Some they eat without ing famine we ate insects Before 1956 Presidenl Nverere reofnised lite import country In Dar es Salaam TANU had cooking Many have died through eating the war the popUlation was very dense of tile rising on Ihe Kenerafion lItal folloWtd already been known Kinjikitiles words these things from the woods and wild and it was very difficult to find a piece of bUllie also cltilned if as (In inspiration to were known in Ngarambe and theyfruits Some do not die at once but when land on which to grow food If rOll gOt OJ lan1(nion n(lionalisln-111 inspiratioll spread through extensive lands by Jujilathey taste good food like millet maize small piece of land you thanked GoushyflIllich belonged 11I~ 10 tile people or Mtemela It is true that a source of

at once their bodies swell and they feel you only see much bush everywhere or beans etcbull which is their usual tOod there were too many people Now aJas

salvation cannot hide itself from the peoshyThere was no nationalist movement pleill and die but some recover

no nationalist agitators no westernised When TANU began some peopledemagogues or subversive Communists

Tllose wllo lIad foufltl and suffired 11111((

cried This is how llaji Maji began WeFor man ptoples as for Ille JolUINbi tile in hiflerness on IlIeir leaders Jlofumli Ill( who went about rhe country srirring up failed to drive away the Europeans bytrouble against rhe Germans The peoshy

famine marked tile end ofa Wo of lift song tllis song war How can we do this by a mere fifty

ple fought because they did nO[ believe cents Do not believe these they are in rhe white mans right to govern and

There came three years of famine The swindle of Kinjikitile cheats It is another Kinjikitile Not all

civilize the black They rose in a great Those who survived did so by Provishy He deceived people

accepted the news of maji Btl[ those rebellion not through fear of a terrorist

dence It was extremely fierce famshy 10 go to Ngarambe who did not suffered as well The

movement or a superstitious oath but inine and people denied their children and 10 drink the maji

Maji warriors hated and killed them and response to a natural call a call of the

wives It was only those who really loved the German askari did not discrimishy

spirit ringing in the hearts of all meneach other who remained together And For tile eduated men of Ille lilllf lllii

nate-he killed every African he came even these cooked their food under strict Joji ampos a lIideous lesson in Rumprtlll and of all rimes educated or unedushy across This was similar to TANU Some cared to rebel against foreign dominashy

regulations like this Down in the cookshy slrt1lfllI TIme years after tile end of IIII lisshyhave joned others have not but we are

tion It is important to hear this in minding pot was the childs food over which nf (J leorller worote 10 elebralt Ille bitlldm

all independent Is this not sowere laid pieces of wood Above these ofIlle German laiser in order to understand the nature ofsticks was put the wifes food and more a nationalist moement like mine Its Indeed il was so and with independenrsticks were placed The food of the husshy For what reason do the people celeshyfunction is not to create the spirit of reshy men beton to lItink again about the risillg IIband came on top During eating they brate this festival The Lord God bellion but to articulate it and show it a is well to end mere (lie story of Joji Iaji followed a similar procedure The husshy gives the Kaiser strength and power to new technique began in Jfalumbiband started first When he realthed the accomplish all that happens in the land

The struggle against the Germans sticks he knew his wifes food lay immeshy and to govern and order all things so tht

proved to our people the futility of trying Their camp was there at Madukanidiately below the sticks and that his they continue in peace As an examshyto drive out their masters by force That was the headquarters of the warshare stopped above them In the same ple I take this land of German East fshy

itself It would be fitting if that place way when the wife reached the sticks rica our land the land of the black she knew that only the childs share reshy people Formerly its condition was one tnd 611101 of the people Illemselves Thl) were honoured with a national flag For

mained On the other hand if they did of injustice The man with power treated oiso sow a connettion betrJetn Ila)i Ja)i alld that was [he beginning of freedom

not love each other everyone went his unjustly the man who had none Ilu[ way struggling to survie That is why now there is peace everywhere There is some men had [0 marry the same woman none who terrorises for all are under the twice for they had deserted them during Kaisers rule If anyone will not the famine When he searched for his keep the peace and live peacefull in his former wife her parents asked him land-if he seeks to disturb the counshyWhere did you leave her So he had to try-that man will be severely punished pay dowry again This famine was called for the Kaiser lacks nothing he has many Fugufugu There has never been the soldiers His strength and power are like either before or after Maji Maji great You have seen how those rebels Other famines are merely babes before the Maji-Maji or Hongo-Hongo people