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!2007 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39636C

PIC18F2X1X/4X1XData Sheet

28/40/44-Pin Flash Microcontrollers

with 10-Bit A/D and nanoWatt Technology

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DS39636C-page ii Preliminary !2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

Information contained in this publication regarding device

applications and the like is provided only for your convenience

and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to

ensure that your application meets with your specifications.

MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR

WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR

OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,

INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,

QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR

FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability

arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip

devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at

the buyers risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify andhold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,

suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are

conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip

intellectual property rights.

Trademarks

The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, Accuron,

dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQlogo, microID, MPLAB, PIC,

PICmicro, PICSTART, PRO MATE, PowerSmart, rfPIC, and

SmartShunt are registered trademarks of Microchip

Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.

AmpLab, FilterLab, Linear Active Thermistor, Migratable

Memory, MXDEV, MXLAB, PS logo, SEEVAL, SmartSensor

and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are

registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated

in the U.S.A.

Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,

dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, ECAN,

ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB,

In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, Mindi, MiWi,

MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, PICkit,

PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICLAB, PICtail, PowerCal,

PowerInfo, PowerMate, PowerTool, REAL ICE, rfLAB,

rfPICDEM, Select Mode, Smart Serial, SmartTel, Total

Endurance, UNI/O, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of

Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other

countries.

SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated

in the U.S.A.

All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their

respective companies.

2007, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the

U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.

Printed on recycled paper.

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:

Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the

intended manner and under normal conditions.

There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our

knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchips Data

Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.

Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not

mean that we are guaranteeing the product as unbreakable.

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our

products. Attempts to break Microchips code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts

allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwideheadquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler andTempe, Arizona, Gresham, Oregon and Mountain View, California. TheCompanys quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC

MCUs and dsPICDSCs, KEELOQcode hopping devices, SerialEEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analogproducts. In addition, Microchips quality system for the design andmanufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

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!2007 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS39636C-page 1

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

Power-Managed Modes:

Run: CPU On, Peripherals On

Idle: CPU Off, Peripherals On

Sleep: CPU Off, Peripherals Off

Idle mode Currents Down to 3.0 A Typical Sleep mode Currents Down to 20 nA Typical

Timer1 Oscillator: 1.8 A, 32 kHz, 2V Watchdog Timer: 2.1 A Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up

Peripheral Highlights: High-Current Sink/Source 25 mA/25 mA

Up to 2 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules,One with Auto-Shutdown (28-pin devices)

Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)module (40/44-pin devices only):

- One, two or four PWM outputs

- Selectable polarity

- Programmable dead time

- Auto-shutdown and auto-restart

Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) moduleSupporting 3-Wire SPI (all 4 modes) and I2CMaster and Slave modes

Enhanced Addressable USART module:

- Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN 1.2

- RS-232 operation using internal oscillatorblock (no external crystal required)

- Auto-wake-up on Start bit

- Auto-Baud Detect

10-Bit, Up to 13-Channel Analog-to-DigitalConverter module (A/D):

- Auto-acquisition capability

- Conversion available during Sleep

Dual Analog Comparators with Input Multiplexing

Programmable 16-Level High/Low-VoltageDetection (HLVD) module:

- Supports interrupt on High/Low-Voltage Detection

Flexible Oscillator Structure:

Four Crystal modes, Up to 40 MHz

4x Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Available for Crystaland Internal Oscillators

Two External RC modes, Up to 4 MHz

Two External Clock modes, Up to 40 MHz

Internal Oscillator Block:

- 8 user-selectable frequencies, from 31 kHz to8 MHz

- Provides a complete range of clock speeds

from 31 kHz to 32 MHz when used with PLL- User-tunable to compensate for frequency drift

Secondary Oscillator using Timer1 @ 32 kHz

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor:

- Allows for safe shutdown if peripheral clock stops

Special Microcontroller Features:

C Compiler Optimized Architecture:

- Optional extended instruction set designed tooptimize re-entrant code

100,000 Erase/Write Cycle Flash ProgramMemory Typical

Three Programmable External Interrupts

Four Input Change Interrupts

Priority Levels for Interrupts

8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier

Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT):

- Programmable period from 4 ms to 131s

Single-Supply 5V In-Circuit SerialProgramming (ICSP) via Two Pins

In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via Two Pins

Wide Operating Voltage Range: 2.0V to 5.5V

Programmable Brown-out Reset (BOR) withSoftware Enable Option

28/40/44-Pin Flash Microcontrollers with

10-Bit A/D and nanoWatt Technology

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DS39636C-page 2 Preliminary !2007 Microchip Technology Inc.

Device

Program MemoryData

MemoryI/O

10-BitA/D (ch)

CCP/ECCP(PWM)

MSSP

EUSART

Comp.Timers8/16-BitFlash

(bytes)# Single-WordInstructions

SRAM(bytes)

SPIMasterI2C

PIC18F2410 16K 8192 768 25 10 2/0 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F2510 32K 16384 1536 25 10 2/0 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F2515 48K 24576 3968 25 10 2/0 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F2610 64K 32768 3968 25 10 2/0 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F4410 16K 8192 768 36 13 1/1 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F4510 32K 16384 1536 36 13 1/1 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F4515 48K 24576 3968 36 13 1/1 Y Y 1 2 1/3

PIC18F4610 64K 32768 3968 36 13 1/1 Y Y 1 2 1/3

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Pin Diagrams

10

11

2

3

4

56

1

8

7

9

12

13

14 15

16

17

18

19

20

2324

25

26

27

28

22

21

MCLR/VPP/RE3

RA0/AN0

RA1/AN1

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT

RA5/AN4/SS/HLVDIN/C2OUT

VSS

OSC1/CLKI/RA7

OSC2/CLKO/RA6

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2(1)

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCL

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB6//KBI2/PGC

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB4/KBI0/AN11

RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

RB2/INT2/AN8

RB1/INT1/AN10

RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

VDD

VSS

RC7/RX/DT

RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

28-pin SPDIP, SOIC

Note 1: RB3 is the alternate pin for CCP2 multiplexing.

1011

2

3

6

1

18

19

20

21

22

12131415

87

16

17

232425262728

9

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

5

4

RB

7/KBI3/PGD

RB

6/KBI2/PGC

RB

5/KBI1/PGM

RB

4KBI0/AN11

RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

RB2/INT2/AN8RB1/INT1/AN10

RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

VDD

VSS

RC7/RX/DT

RC6/T

X/CK

RC5

/SDO

RC4/SD

I/SDA

MCLR/VPP/RE3

RA

0/AN0

RA

1/AN1

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT


VSS

OSC1/CLKI/RA7

OSC2/CLKO/RA6

RC1/T1OSI/CC

P2

(1)

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK

/SCL

28-pin QFN

PIC18F2X1X

PIC18F2410PIC18F2510

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB4/KBI0/AN11

RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

RB2/INT2/AN8

RB1/INT1/AN10

RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

VDD

VSSRD7/PSP7/P1D

RD6/PSP6/P1C

RD5/PSP5/P1B

RD4/PSP4

RC7/RX/DT

RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

RD3/PSP3

RD2/PSP2

MCLR/VPP/RE3

RA0/AN0

RA1/AN1RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT


RE0/RD/AN5

RE1/WR/AN6

RE2/CS/AN7VDD

VSS

OSC1/CLKI/RA7

OSC2/CLKO/RA6

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 (1)

RC2/CCP1/P1A

RC3/SCK/SCL

RD0/PSP0

RD1/PSP1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1011

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

3130

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

40-pin PDIP

PIC18F4X1X

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Pin Diagrams (Cont.d)

Note 1: RB3 is the alternate pin for CCP2 multiplexing.

1011

2345

6

1

18

19

20

2122

1213

14

15

38

87

44

43

4241

40

39

16

17

2930313233

232425

26

27

28

36

34

35

9

37

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

MCLR/VPP/RE3

RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB4/KBI0/AN11

NC

RC6/TX

/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

RD3/PSP3

RD2/PSP2

RD1/PSP1

RD0/PSP0

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC2/CCP1/P1A

RC1/T1

OSI/CCP2

(1)

RC0/T1

OSO/T13CKI

OSC2/CLKO/RA6OSC1/CLKI/RA7VSSVSSVDDVDD

RE2/CS/AN7RE1/WR/AN6RE0/RD/AN5RA5/AN4/SS/HLVDIN/C2OUTRA4/T0CKI/C1OUT

RC7/RX/DTRD4/PSP4

RD5/PSP5/P1BRD6/PSP6/P1CRD7/PSP7/P1D

VSSVDDVDD

RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12RB1/INT1/AN10RB2/INT2/AN8

44-pin QFN

1011

2345

6

1

18

19

20

2122

1213

14

15

38

87

44

43

4241

40

39

16

17

2930313233

232425

26

27

28

36

34

35

9

37

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

MCLR/VPP/RE3

NC

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB4/KBI0/AN11

NC

RC6/TX/CK

RC5/SDO

RC4/SDI/SDA

RD3/PSP3

RD2/PSP2

RD1/PSP1

RD0/PSP0

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC2/CCP1/P1A

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

(1)

NC

NCRC0/T1OSO/T13CKIOSC2/CLKO/RA6OSC1/CLKI/RA7VSSVDDRE2/CS/AN7RE1/WR/AN6RE0/RD/AN5RA5/AN4/SS/HLVDIN/C2OUTRA4/T0CKI/C1OUT

RC7/RX/DTRD4/PSP4


VSSVDD

RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12


RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

44-pin TQFP

PIC18F4X1X

PIC18F4X1X

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

Table of Contents

1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.0 Oscillator Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

3.0 Power-Managed Modes ............................................................................................................................................................. 33

4.0 Reset.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41

5.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................. 53

6.0 Flash Program Memory.............................................................................................................................................................. 75

7.0 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier............................................................................................................................................................ 798.0 Interrupts .................................................................................................................................................................................... 81

9.0 I/O Ports ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 95

10.0 Timer0 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 113

11.0 Timer1 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 117

12.0 Timer2 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 123

13.0 Timer3 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 125

14.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Modules ................................................................................................................................. 129

15.0 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) Module................................................................................................................ 137

16.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module .................................................................................................................... 151

17.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART)....................................................................................... 191

18.0 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ..................................................................................................................... 211

19.0 Comparator Module.................................................................................................................................................................. 221

20.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module ................................................................................................................................... 227

21.0 High/Low-Voltage Detect (HLVD)............................................................................................................................................. 231

22.0 Special Features of the CPU.................................................................................................................................................... 23723.0 Instruction Set Summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 257

24.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 307

25.0 Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................................... 311

26.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs And Tables ...................................................................................................................... 349

27.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 351

Appendix A: Revision History............................................................................................................................................................. 359

Appendix B: Device Differences ........................................................................................................................................................ 359

Appendix C: Conversion Considerations ........................................................................................................................................... 360

Appendix D: Migration From Baseline to Enhanced Devices ............................................................................................................ 360

Appendix E: Migration From Mid-Range to Enhanced Devices......................................................................................................... 361

Appendix F: Migration From High-End to Enhanced Devices............................................................................................................ 361

Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 363

The Microchip Web Site..................................................................................................................................................................... 373

Customer Change Notification Service .............................................................................................................................................. 373

Customer Support.............................................................................................................................................................................. 373

Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 374

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X Product Identification System............................................................................................................................. 375
http://devtool_110306.pdf/http://devtool_110306.pdf/

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TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS

It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip

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enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced.

If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via

E-mail at [email protected] fax the Reader Response Formin the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150. Wewelcome your feedback.

Most Current Data Sheet

To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at:

http://www.microchip.com

You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).

Errata

An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for currentdevices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revisionof silicon and revision of document to which it applies.

To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:

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When contacting a sales office, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you areusing.

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW

This document contains device specific information for

the following devices:

This family offers the advantages of all PIC18

microcontrollers namely, high computational

performance at an economical price with the addition

of high-endurance, Flash program memory. On top of

these features, the PIC18F2X1X/4X1X family introduces

design enhancements that make these microcontrollers

a logical choice for many high-performance, powersensitive applications.

1.1 New Core Features

1.1.1 nanoWatt TECHNOLOGY

All of the devices in the PIC18F2X1X/4X1X family

incorporate a range of features that can significantly

reduce power consumption during operation. Key

items include:

Alternate Run Modes:By clocking the controller

from the Timer1 source or the internal oscillator

block, power consumption during code execution

can be reduced by as much as 90%.

Multiple Idle Modes:The controller can also run

with its CPU core disabled but the peripherals still

active. In these states, power consumption can be

reduced even further, to as little as 4% of normal

operation requirements.

On-the-fly Mode Switching:The power-

managed modes are invoked by user code during

operation, allowing the user to incorporate power-

saving ideas into their applications software

design.

Lower Consumption in Key Modules: The

power requirements for both Timer1 and the

Watchdog Timer have been minimized. See

Section 25.0 Electrical Characteristicsforvalues.

1.1.2 MULTIPLE OSCILLATOR OPTIONSAND FEATURES

All of the devices in the PIC18F2X1X/4X1X family offer

ten different oscillator options, allowing users a wide

range of choices in developing application hardware.

These include:

Four Crystal modes, using crystals or ceramicresonators

Two External Clock modes, offering the option of

using two pins (oscillator input and a divide-by-4

clock output) or one pin (oscillator input, with the

second pin reassigned as general I/O)

Two External RC Oscillator modes with the same

pin options as the External Clock modes

An internal oscillator block which provides an

8 MHz clock and an INTRC source (approxi-

mately 31 kHz), as well as a range of 6 user

selectable clock frequencies, between 125 kHz to

4 MHz, for a total of 8 clock frequencies. This

option frees the two oscillator pins for use as

additional general purpose I/O.

A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier,

available to both the high-speed crystal and Inter-

nal Oscillator modes, which allows clock speeds of

up to 40 MHz. Used with the internal oscillator, the

PLL gives users a complete selection of clock

speeds, from 31 kHz to 32 MHz all without using

an external crystal or clock circuit.

Besides its availability as a clock source, the internal

oscillator block provides a stable reference source that

gives the family additional features for robust

operation:

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor:This option constantly

monitors the main clock source against a

reference signal provided by the internal

oscillator. If a clock failure occurs, the controller is

switched to the internal oscillator block, allowing

for continued low-speed operation or a safe

application shutdown.

Two-Speed Start-up:This option allows the

internal oscillator to serve as the clock source

from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep

mode, until the primary clock source is available.

PIC18F2410 PIC18LF2410


PIC18F2515 PIC18LF2515 PIC18F2610 PIC18LF2610





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1.2 Other Special Features

Memory Endurance: The Flash cells for program

memory are rated to 100,000 erase/write cycles.

Data retention without refresh is conservatively

estimated to be greater than 40 years.

Extended Instruction Set: The PIC18F2X1X/

4X1X family introduces an optional extension tothe PIC18 instruction set, which adds 8 new

instructions and an Indexed Addressing mode.

This extension, enabled as a device configuration

option, has been specifically designed to optimize

re-entrant application code originally developed in

high-level languages, such as C.

Enhanced CCP Module:In PWM mode, this

module provides 1, 2 or 4 modulated outputs for

controlling half-bridge and full-bridge drivers.

Other features include Auto-Shutdown, for

disabling PWM outputs on interrupt or other select

conditions and Auto-Restart, to reactivate outputs

once the condition has cleared.

Enhanced Addressable USART:This serialcommunication module is capable of standard

RS-232 operation and provides support for the LIN

bus protocol. Other enhancements include auto-

matic baud rate detection and a 16-bit Baud Rate

Generator for improved resolution. When the

microcontroller is using the internal oscillator

block, the USART provides stable operation for

applications that talk to the outside world without

using an external crystal (or its accompanying

power requirement).

10-bit A/D Converter:This module incorporates

programmable acquisition time, allowing for a

channel to be selected and a conversion to beinitiated without waiting for a sampling period and

thus, reduce code overhead.

Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT):This

enhanced version incorporates a 16-bit prescaler,

allowing an extended time-out range that is stable

across operating voltage and temperature. See

Section 25.0 Electrical Characteristicsfor

time-out periods.

1.3 Details on Individual FamilyMembers

Devices in the PIC18F2X1X/4X1X family are available

in 28-pin and 40/44-pin packages. Block diagrams for

the two groups are shown inFigure 1-1and Figure 1-2.

The devices are differentiated from each other in five

ways:

1. Flash program memory

16 Kbytes for PIC18F2410/4410 devices




2. A/D channels (10 for 28-pin devices, 13 for

40/44-pin devices).

3. I/O ports (3 bidirectional ports on 28-pin devices,

5 bidirectional ports on 40/44-pin devices).

4. CCP and Enhanced CCP implementation (28-pin

devices have 2 standard CCP modules; 40/44-pin

devices have one standard CCP module and oneECCP module).

5. Parallel Slave Port (present only on 40/44-pin

devices).

All other features for devices in this family are identical.

These are summarized in Table 1-1.

The pinouts for all devices are listed in Table 1-3and

Table 1-4.

Like all Microchip PIC18 devices, members of the

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X family are available as both

standard and low-voltage devices. Standard devices

with Flash memory, designated with an F in the part

number (such as PIC18F2610), accommodate an

operating VDD range of 4.2V to 5.5V. Low-voltage

parts, designated by LF (such as PIC18LF2610),

function over an extended VDDrange of 2.0V to 5.5V.

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TABLE 1-1: DEVICE FEATURES (PIC18F2410/2415/2510/2515/2610)

Features PIC18F2410 PIC18F2510 PIC18F2515 PIC18F2610

Operating Frequency DC 40 MHz DC 40 MHz DC 40 MHz DC 40 MHz

Program Memory (Bytes) 16384 32768 49152 65536

Program Memory

(Instructions)

8192 16384 24576 32768

Data Memory (Bytes) 768 1536 3968 3968

Interrupt Sources 18 18 18 18

I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, (E) Ports A, B, C, (E) Ports A, B, C, (E) Ports A, B, C, (E)

Timers 4 4 4 4

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2 2 2 2

Enhanced

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules

0 0 0 0

Serial Communications MSSP,

Enhanced USART

MSSP,

Enhanced USART

MSSP,

Enhanced USART

MSSP,

Enhanced USART

Parallel Communications (PSP) No No No No

10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 10 Input Channels 10 Input Channels 10 Input Channels 10 Input Channels

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR,

RESETInstruction,Stack Full,

Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

Programmable

High/Low-Voltage Detect

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Programmable

Brown-out Reset

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Instruction Set 75 Instructions;

83 with Extended

Instruction Set enabled

75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


Packages 28-pin SPDIP

28-pin SOIC28-pin QFN

28-pin SPDIP

28-pin SOIC28-pin QFN

28-pin SPDIP

28-pin SOIC

28-pin SPDIP

28-pin SOIC

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TABLE 1-2: DEVICE FEATURES (PIC18F4410/4415/4510/4515/4610)

Features PIC18F4410 PIC18F4510 PIC18F4515 PIC18F4610

Operating Frequency DC 40 MHz DC 40 MHz DC 40 MHz DC 40 MHz

Program Memory (Bytes) 16384 32768 49152 65536

Program Memory

(Instructions)

8192 16384 24576 32768

Data Memory (Bytes) 768 1536 3968 3968

Interrupt Sources 19 19 19 19

I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E Ports A, B, C, D, E Ports A, B, C, D, E Ports A, B, C, D, E

Timers 4 4 4 4

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 1 1 1 1

Enhanced

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules

1 1 1 1

Serial Communications MSSP,

Enhanced USART

MSSP,

Enhanced USART

MSSP,

Enhanced USART

MSSP,

Enhanced USART

Parallel Communications (PSP) Yes Yes Yes Yes

10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module 13 Input Channels 13 Input Channels 13 Input Channels 13 Input Channels

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

POR, BOR,


Stack Underflow

(PWRT, OST),

MCLR (optional),

WDT

Programmable

High/Low-Voltage Detect

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Programmable

Brown-out Reset

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Instruction Set 75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


75 Instructions;

83 with Extended


Packages 40-pin PDIP

44-pin QFN44-pin TQFP

40-pin PDIP


40-pin PDIP


40-pin PDIP


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FIGURE 1-1: PIC18F2410/2415/2510/2515/2610 (28-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM

InstructionDecode and

Control

PORTA

PORTB

PORTC

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT


RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKIRC1/T1OSI/CCP2(1)

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCLRC4/SDI/SDA

RC5/SDO

RC6/TX/CK

RC7/RX/DT

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA1/AN1

RA0/AN0

RB1/INT1/AN10

Data Latch

Data Memory(.7, 1.5, 3.9

Address Latch

Data Address

12

AccessBSR FSR0

FSR1

FSR2

inc/declogic

Address

4 12 4

PCH PCL

PCLATH

8

31 Level Stack

Program Counter

PRODLPRODH

8 x 8 Multiply

8

BITOP88

ALU

Address Latch

Program Memory(16/32/48/64

Data Latch

20

8

8

Table Pointer

inc/dec logic

21

8

Data Bus

Table Latch8

IR

12

3

ROM Latch

RB2/INT2/AN8RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

PCLATU

PCU

OSC2/CLKO(3)/RA6

Note 1: CCP2 is multiplexed with RC1 when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set, or RB3 when CCP2MX is not set.

2: RE3 is only available when MCLR functionality is disabled.

3: OSC1/CLKI and OSC2/CLKO are only available in select oscillator modes and when these pins are not being used as digital I/O.Refer to Section 2.0 Oscillator Configurationsfor additional information.

RB4/KBI0/AN11

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB7/KBI3/PGD

EUSARTComparator MSSP 10-bitADC

Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0

CCP2

HLVD

CCP1

BOR

W

Instruction Bus

STKPTR Bank

8

State MachineControl Signals

Decode

8

8Power-up

Timer

OscillatorStart-up Timer

Power-onReset

WatchdogTimer

OSC1(3)

OSC2

(3)

VDD,

Brown-outReset

InternalOscillator

Fail-SafeClock Monitor

Precision

ReferenceBand Gap

VSS

MCLR(2)

Block

INTRCOscillator

8 MHzOscillator

Single-SupplyProgramming

In-CircuitDebugger

T1OSO

OSC1/CLKI(3)/RA7

T1OSI

PORTE

MCLR/VPP/RE3(2)

Kbytes)

Kbytes)

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FIGURE 1-2: PIC18F4410/4415/4510/4515/4610 (40/44-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM

InstructionDecode and

Control

Data Latch

Data Memory(.7, 1.5, 3.9

Address Latch

Data Address

12

AccessBSR FSR0

FSR1

FSR2

inc/declogic

Address

4 12 4

PCH PCL

PCLATH

8

31 Level Stack

Program Counter

PRODLPRODH

8 x 8 Multiply

8

BITOP88

ALU

Address Latch

Program Memory(16/32/48/64

Data Latch

20

8

8

Table Pointer

inc/dec logic

21

8

Data Bus

Table Latch8

IR

12

3

ROM Latch

PORTD

RD0/PSP0

PCLATU

PCU

PORTE

MCLR/VPP/RE3(2)RE2/CS/AN7

RE0/RD/AN5

RE1/WR/AN6

Note 1: CCP2 is multiplexed with RC1 when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set, or RB3 when CCP2MX is not set.

2: RE3 is only available when MCLR functionality is disabled.

3: OSC1/CLKI and OSC2/CLKO are only available in select oscillator modes and when these pins are not being used as digital I/O.Refer to Section 2.0 Oscillator Configurationsfor additional information.

:RD4/PSP4

EUSARTComparator MSSP 10-bitADC

Timer2Timer1 Timer3Timer0

CCP2

HLVD

ECCP1

BOR

W

Instruction Bus

STKPTR Bank

8

State MachineControl Signals

Decode

8

8Power-up

Timer

OscillatorStart-up Timer

Power-onReset

WatchdogTimer

OSC1(3)

OSC2(3)

VDD,

Brown-outReset

InternalOscillator

Fail-SafeClock Monitor

Precision

ReferenceBand Gap

VSS

MCLR(2)

Block

INTRCOscillator

8 MHzOscillator

Single-SupplyProgramming

In-CircuitDebugger

T1OSI

T1OSO


PORTA

PORTB

PORTC

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT


RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKIRC1/T1OSI/CCP2(1)

RC2/CCP1/P1A

RC3/SCK/SCLRC4/SDI/SDA

RC5/SDORC6/TX/CK

RC7/RX/DT

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA1/AN1RA0/AN0


RB3/AN9/CCP2(1)

OSC2/CLKO(3)/RA6

RB4/KBI0/AN11RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB7/KBI3/PGD

OSC1/CLKI(3)/RA7

Kbytes)

Kbytes)

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F2410/2415/2510/2515/2610 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS

Pin Name

Pin NumberPin

Type

Buffer

TypeDescriptionSPDIP,

SOICQFN

MCLR/VPP/RE3

MCLR

VPP

RE3

1 26

I

P

I

ST

ST

Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (input).

Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-lowReset to the device.

Programming voltage input.

Digital input.

OSC1/CLKI/RA7

OSC1

CLKI

RA7

9 6

I

I

I/O

ST

CMOS

TTL

Oscillator crystal or external clock input.

Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.

ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS otherwise.

External clock source input. Always associated with pin

function OSC1. (See related OSC1/CLKI, OSC2/CLKO

pins.)

General purpose I/O pin.

OSC2/CLKO/RA6

OSC2

CLKO

RA6

10 7

O

O

I/O

TTL

Oscillator crystal or clock output.

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or

resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO, which has 1/4 the

frequency of OSC1 and denotes the instruction cycle rate.


Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I = Input

O = Output P = Power

Note 1: Default assignment for CCP2 when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.

2: Alternate assignment for CCP2 when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.

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PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.

RA0/AN0RA0

AN0

2 27I/O

I

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 0.

RA1/AN1

RA1

AN1

3 28

I/O

I

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 1.

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA2

AN2

VREF-

CVREF

4 1

I/O

I

I

O

TTL

Analog

Analog

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 2.

A/D reference voltage (low) input.

Comparator reference voltage output.

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA3AN3

VREF+

5 2

I/OI

I

TTLAnalog

Analog

Digital I/O.Analog input 3.

A/D reference voltage (high) input.

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT

RA4

T0CKI

C1OUT

6 3

I/O

I

O

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

Timer0 external clock input.

Comparator 1 output.

RA5/AN4/SS/HLVDIN/

C2OUT

RA5

AN4

SS

HLVDIN

C2OUT

7 4

I/O

I

I

I

O

TTL

Analog

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 4.

SPI slave select input.

High/Low-Voltage Detect input.

Comparator 2 output.RA6 See the OSC2/CLKO/RA6 pin.

RA7 See the OSC1/CLKI/RA7 pin.

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F2410/2415/2510/2515/2610 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin NumberPin

Type

Buffer


SOICQFN






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PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software

programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.

RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

RB0

INT0

FLT0

AN12

21 18

I/O

I

I

I

TTL

ST

ST

Analog

Digital I/O.

External interrupt 0.

PWM Fault input for CCP1.

Analog input 12.

RB1/INT1/AN10

RB1

INT1

AN10

22 19

I/O

I

I

TTL

ST

Analog

Digital I/O.


Analog input 10.

RB2/INT2/AN8

RB2

INT2

AN8

23 20

I/O

I

I

TTL

ST

Analog

Digital I/O.


Analog input 8.RB3/AN9/CCP2

RB3

AN9

CCP2(1)

24 21

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

Analog

ST

Digital I/O.

Analog input 9.

Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.

RB4/KBI0/AN11

RB4

KBI0

AN11

25 22

I/O

I

I

TTL

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

Analog input 11.

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB5

KBI1

PGM

26 23

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

TTL

ST

Digital I/O.


Low-Voltage ICSP Programming enable pin.

RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB6

KBI2

PGC

27 24

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

TTL

ST

Digital I/O.


In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming clock pin.

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB7

KBI3

PGD

28 25

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

TTL

ST

Digital I/O.


In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming data pin.


Pin Name

Pin NumberPin

Type

Buffer


SOICQFN






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PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKIRC0

T1OSO

T13CKI

11 8I/O

O

I

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator output.

Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC1

T1OSI

CCP2(2)

12 9

I/O

I

I/O

ST

Analog

ST

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator input.


RC2/CCP1

RC2

CCP1

13 10

I/O

I/O

ST

ST

Digital I/O.


RC3/SCK/SCL

RC3SCK

SCL

14 11

I/OI/O

I/O

STST

ST

Digital I/O.Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C mode.

RC4/SDI/SDA

RC4

SDI

SDA

15 12

I/O

I

I/O

ST

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

SPI data in.

I2C data I/O.

RC5/SDO

RC5

SDO

16 13

I/O

O

ST

Digital I/O.

SPI data out.

RC6/TX/CK

RC6

TX

CK

17 14

I/O

O

I/O

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

EUSART asynchronous transmit.

EUSART synchronous clock (see related RX/DT).

RC7/RX/DT

RC7

RX

DT

18 15

I/O

I

I/O

ST

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

EUSART asynchronous receive.

EUSART synchronous data (see related TX/CK).

RE3 See MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin.

VSS 8, 19 5, 16 P Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 20 17 P Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.


Pin Name

Pin NumberPin

Type

Buffer


SOICQFN






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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

TABLE 1-4: PIC18F4410/4415/4510/4515/4610 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS

Pin NamePin Number Pin

Type

Buffer

TypeDescription

PDIP QFN TQFP

MCLR/VPP/RE3

MCLR

VPP

RE3

1 18 18

I

P

I

ST

ST

Master Clear (input) or programming voltage (input).

Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low

Reset to the device.Programming voltage input.

Digital input.

OSC1/CLKI/RA7

OSC1

CLKI

RA7

13 32 30

I

I

I/O

ST

CMOS

TTL

Oscillator crystal or external clock input.

Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.

ST buffer when configured in RC mode;

analog otherwise.

External clock source input. Always associated with

pin function OSC1. (See related OSC1/CLKI,

OSC2/CLKO pins.)


OSC2/CLKO/RA6

OSC2

CLKO

RA6

14 33 31

O

O

I/O

TTL

Oscillator crystal or clock output.

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal

or resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.

In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO, whichhas 1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes

the instruction cycle rate.







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PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.

RA0/AN0

RA0AN0

2 19 19

I/OI

TTLAnalog

Digital I/O.Analog input 0.

RA1/AN1

RA1

AN1

3 20 20

I/O

I

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 1.

RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF

RA2

AN2

VREF-

CVREF

4 21 21

I/O

I

I

O

TTL

Analog

Analog

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 2.

A/D reference voltage (low) input.

Comparator reference voltage output.

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA3

AN3

VREF+

5 22 22

I/O

I

I

TTL

Analog

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 3.

A/D reference voltage (high) input.

RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT

RA4

T0CKI

C1OUT

6 23 23

I/O

I

O

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

Timer0 external clock input.


RA5/AN4/SS/HLVDIN/

C2OUT

RA5

AN4

SS

HLVDIN

C2OUT

7 24 24

I/O

I

I

I

O

TTL

Analog

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Analog input 4.

SPI slave select input.

High/Low-Voltage Detect input.


RA6 See the OSC2/CLKO/RA6 pin.RA7 See the OSC1/CLKI/RA7 pin.



Type

Buffer

TypeDescription

PDIP QFN TQFP






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PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be

software programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all

inputs.RB0/INT0/FLT0/AN12

RB0

INT0

FLT0

AN12

33 9 8

I/O

I

I

I

TTL

ST

ST

Analog

Digital I/O.


PWM Fault input for Enhanced CCP1.

Analog input 12.

RB1/INT1/AN10

RB1

INT1

AN10

34 10 9

I/O

I

I

TTL

ST

Analog

Digital I/O.


Analog input 10.

RB2/INT2/AN8

RB2

INT2

AN8

35 11 10

I/O

I

I

TTL

ST

Analog

Digital I/O.


Analog input 8.

RB3/AN9/CCP2

RB3

AN9

CCP2(1)

36 12 11

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

Analog

ST

Digital I/O.

Analog input 9.


RB4/KBI0/AN11

RB4

KBI0

AN11

37 14 14

I/O

I

I

TTL

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.


Analog input 11.

RB5/KBI1/PGM

RB5

KBI1

PGM

38 15 15

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

TTL

ST

Digital I/O.


Low-Voltage ICSP Programming enable pin.RB6/KBI2/PGC

RB6

KBI2

PGC

39 16 16

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

TTL

ST

Digital I/O.


In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming

clock pin.

RB7/KBI3/PGD

RB7

KBI3

PGD

40 17 17

I/O

I

I/O

TTL

TTL

ST

Digital I/O.


In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming

data pin.



Type

Buffer

TypeDescription

PDIP QFN TQFP



O = Output P = PowerNote 1: Default assignment for CCP2 when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.


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PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI

RC0T1OSO

T13CKI

15 34 32

I/OO

I

ST

ST

Digital I/O.Timer1 oscillator output.

Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC1

T1OSI

CCP2(2)

16 35 35

I/O

I

I/O

ST

CMOS

ST

Digital I/O.

Timer1 oscillator input.


RC2/CCP1/P1A

RC2

CCP1

P1A

17 36 36

I/O

I/O

O

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

Capture1 input/Compare1 output/PWM1 output.

Enhanced CCP1 output.

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC3

SCK

SCL

18 37 37

I/O

I/O

I/O

ST

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

Synchronous serial clock input/output forSPI mode.

Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C mode.

RC4/SDI/SDA

RC4

SDI

SDA

23 42 42

I/O

I

I/O

ST

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

SPI data in.

I2C data I/O.

RC5/SDO

RC5

SDO

24 43 43

I/O

O

ST

Digital I/O.

SPI data out.

RC6/TX/CK

RC6

TXCK

25 44 44

I/O

OI/O

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

EUSART asynchronous transmit.EUSART synchronous clock (see related RX/DT).

RC7/RX/DT

RC7

RX

DT

26 1 1

I/O

I

I/O

ST

ST

ST

Digital I/O.

EUSART asynchronous receive.

EUSART synchronous data (see related TX/CK).



Type

Buffer

TypeDescription

PDIP QFN TQFP






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PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port or a Parallel Slave

Port (PSP) for interfacing to a microprocessor port.

These pins have TTL input buffers when PSP moduleis enabled.

RD0/PSP0

RD0

PSP0

19 38 38

I/O

I/O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.

Parallel Slave Port data.

RD1/PSP1

RD1

PSP1

20 39 39

I/O

I/O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.


RD2/PSP2

RD2

PSP2

21 40 40

I/O

I/O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.


RD3/PSP3

RD3PSP3

22 41 41

I/OI/O STTTL Digital I/O.Parallel Slave Port data.

RD4/PSP4

RD4

PSP4

27 2 2

I/O

I/O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.


RD5/PSP5/P1B

RD5

PSP5

P1B

28 3 3

I/O

I/O

O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.



RD6/PSP6/P1C

RD6

PSP6

P1C

29 4 4

I/O

I/O

O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.



RD7/PSP7/P1D

RD7

PSP7

P1D

30 5 5

I/O

I/O

O

ST

TTL

Digital I/O.





Type

Buffer

TypeDescription

PDIP QFN TQFP






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PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.

RE0/RD/AN5

RE0RD

AN5

8 25 25

I/OI

I

STTTL

Analog

Digital I/O.Read control for Parallel Slave Port

(see also WR and CS pins).

Analog input 5.

RE1/WR/AN6

RE1

WR

AN6

9 26 26

I/O

I

I

ST

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Write control for Parallel Slave Port

(see CS and RD pins).

Analog input 6.

RE2/CS/AN7

RE2

CS

AN7

10 27 27

I/O

I

I

ST

TTL

Analog

Digital I/O.

Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port

(see related RD and WR).

Analog input 7.RE3 See MCLR/VPP/RE3 pin.

VSS 12, 31 6, 30,

31

6, 29 P Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD 11, 32 7, 8,

28, 29

7, 28 P Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

NC 13 12, 13,

33, 34

No connect.



Type

Buffer

TypeDescription

PDIP QFN TQFP






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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

2.0 OSCILLATORCONFIGURATIONS

2.1 Oscillator Types

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X devices can be operated in ten

different oscillator modes. The user can program the

Configuration bits, FOSC3:FOSC0, in ConfigurationRegister 1H to select one of these ten modes:

1. LP Low-Power Crystal

2. XT Crystal/Resonator

3. HS High-Speed Crystal/Resonator

4. HSPLL High-Speed Crystal/Resonator

with PLL enabled

5. RC External Resistor/Capacitor with

FOSC/4 output on RA6

6. RCIO External Resistor/Capacitor with I/O

on RA6

7. INTIO1 Internal Oscillator with FOSC/4 output

on RA6 and I/O on RA78. INTIO2 Internal Oscillator with I/O on RA6

and RA7

9. EC External Clock with FOSC/4 output

10. ECIO External Clock with I/O on RA6

2.2 Crystal Oscillator/CeramicResonators

In XT, LP, HS or HSPLL Oscillator modes, a crystal or

ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1 and

OSC2 pins to establish oscillation. Figure 2-1 shows

the pin connections.

The oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cutcrystal.

FIGURE 2-1: CRYSTAL/CERAMICRESONATOR OPERATION

(XT, LP, HS OR HSPLLCONFIGURATION)

TABLE 2-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FORCERAMIC RESONATORS

Note: Use of a series cut crystal may give a

frequency out of the crystal manufacturers

specifications.

Typical Capacitor Values Used:

Mode Freq OSC1 OSC2

XT 3.58 MHz

4.19 MHz

4 MHz

4 MHz

15 pF

15 pF

30 pF

50 pF

15 pF

15 pF

30 pF

50 pF

Capacitor values are for design guidance only.

Different capacitor values may be required to produce

acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test

the performance of the oscillator over the expectedVDDand temperature range for the application.

See the notes following Table 2-2 for additional

information.

Note: When using resonators with frequencies

above 3.5 MHz, the use of HS mode,

rather than XT mode, is recommended.

HS mode may be used at any VDD for

which the controller is rated. If HS is

selected, it is possible that the gain of the

oscillator will overdrive the resonator.

Therefore, a series resistor should be

placed between the OSC2 pin and the

resonator. As a good starting point, the

recommended value of RSis 330.

Note 1: SeeTable 2-1and Table 2-2for initial values of

C1 and C2.

2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT

strip cut crystals.

3: RFvaries with the oscillator mode chosen.

C1(1)

C2(1)

XTAL

OSC2

OSC1

RF(3)

Sleep

To

Logic

PIC18FXXXXRS(2)

Internal

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2.4 RC Oscillator

For timing insensitive applications, the RC and

RCIO device options offer additional cost savings.

The actual oscillator frequency is a function of several

factors:

supply voltage

values of the external resistor (REXT) andcapacitor (CEXT)

operating temperature

Given the same device, operating voltage and tempera-

ture and component values, there will also be unit-to-unit

frequency variations. These are due to factors such as:

normal manufacturing variation

difference in lead frame capacitance between

package types (especially for low CEXTvalues)

variations within the tolerance of limits of REXT

and CEXT

In the RC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency

divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signalmay be used for test purposes or to synchronize other

logic. Figure 2-5 shows how the R/C combination is

connected.

FIGURE 2-5: RC OSCILLATOR MODE

The RCIO Oscillator mode (Figure 2-6) functions like

the RC mode, except that the OSC2 pin becomes an

additional general purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin

becomes bit 6 of PORTA (RA6).

FIGURE 2-6: RCIO OSCILLATOR MODE

2.5 PLL Frequency Multiplier

A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an

option for users who wish to use a lower frequency

oscillator circuit or to clock the device up to its highest

rated frequency from a crystal oscillator. This may be

useful for customers who are concerned with EMI due

to high-frequency crystals or users who require higherclock speeds from an internal oscillator.

2.5.1 HSPLL OSCILLATOR MODE

The HSPLL mode makes use of the HS mode oscillator

for frequencies up to 10 MHz. A PLL then multiplies the

oscillator output frequency by 4 to produce an internal

clock frequency up to 40 MHz. The PLLEN bit is not

available in this oscillator mode.

The PLL is only available to the crystal oscillator when

the FOSC3:FOSC0 Configuration bits are programmed

for HSPLL mode (= 0110).

FIGURE 2-7: PLL BLOCK DIAGRAM(HS MODE)

2.5.2 PLL AND INTOSC

The PLL is also available to the internal oscillator block

in selected oscillator modes. In this configuration, the

PLL is enabled in software and generates a clock

output of up to 32 MHz. The operation of INTOSC with

the PLL is described in Section 2.6.4 PLL in INTOSCModes.

OSC2/CLKO

CEXT

REXT

PIC18FXXXX

OSC1

FOSC/4

Internal

Clock

VDD

VSS

Recommended values: 3 kREXT100 kCEXT> 20 pF

CEXT

REXT

PIC18FXXXX

OSC1Internal

Clock

VDD

VSS

Recommended values: 3 kREXT100 kCEXT> 20 pF

I/O (OSC2)RA6

MUX

VCO

LoopFilter

Crystal

Osc

OSC2

OSC1

PLL Enable

FIN

FOUT

SYSCLK

PhaseComparator

HS Oscillator Enable

4

(from Configuration Register 1H)

HS Mode

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X


2.6 Internal Oscillator Block

The PIC18F2X1X/4X1X devices include an internal

oscillator block which generates two different clock

signals; either can be used as the microcontrollers

clock source. This may eliminate the need for external

oscillator circuits on the OSC1 and/or OSC2 pins.

The main output (INTOSC) is an 8 MHz clock source,which can be used to directly drive the device clock. It

also drives a postscaler, which can provide a range of

clock frequencies from 31 kHz to 4 MHz. The INTOSC

output is enabled when a clock frequency from 125 kHz

to 8 MHz is selected.

The other clock source is the internal RC oscillator

(INTRC), which provides a nominal 31 kHz output.

INTRC is enabled if it is selected as the device clock

source; it is also enabled automatically when any of the

following are enabled:

Power-up Timer

Fail-Safe Clock Monitor

Watchdog Timer

Two-Speed Start-up

These features are discussed in greater detail in

Section 22.0 Special Features of the CPU.

The clock source frequency (INTOSC direct, INTRC

direct or INTOSC postscaler) is selected by configuring

the IRCF bits of the OSCCON register (page 30).

2.6.1 INTIO MODES

Using the internal oscillator as the clock source elimi-

nates the need for up to two external oscillator pins,

which can then be used for digital I/O. Two distinct

configurations are available:

In INTIO1 mode, the OSC2 pin outputs FOSC/4,

while OSC1 functions as RA7 for digital input and

output.

In INTIO2 mode, OSC1 functions as RA7 and

OSC2 functions as RA6, both for digital input and

output.

2.6.2 INTOSC OUTPUT FREQUENCY

The internal oscillator block is calibrated at the factory

to produce an INTOSC output frequency of 8.0 MHz.

The INTRC oscillator operates independently of the

INTOSC source. Any changes in INTOSC across

voltage and temperature are not necessarily reflectedby changes in INTRC and vice versa.

2.6.3 OSCTUNE REGISTER

The internal oscillators output has been calibrated at

the factory but can be adjusted in the users applica-

tion. This is done by writing to the OSCTUNE register

(Register 2-1). The tuning sensitivity is constant

throughout the tuning range.

When the OSCTUNE register is modified, the INTOSC

frequency will begin shifting to the new frequency. The

INTRC clock will reach the new frequency within

8 clock cycles (approximately 8 * 32 s = 256 s). TheINTOSC clock will stabilize within 1 ms. Code execu-

tion continues during this shift. There is no indication

that the shift has occurred.

The OSCTUNE register also implements the INTSRCand PLLEN bits, which control certain features of the

internal oscillator block. The INTSRC bit allows users

to select which internal oscillator provides the clock

source when the 31 kHz frequency option is selected.

This is covered in greater detail in Section 2.7.1

Oscillator Control Register.

The PLLEN bit controls the operation of the frequency

multiplier, PLL, in Internal Oscillator modes.

2.6.4 PLL IN INTOSC MODES

The 4x frequency multiplier can be used with the

internal oscillator block to produce faster device clock

speeds than are normally possible with an internaloscillator. When enabled, the PLL produces a clock

speed of up to 32 MHz.

Unlike HSPLL mode, the PLL is controlled through

software. The control bit, PLLEN (OSCTUNE), is

used to enable or disable its operation.

The PLL is available when the device is configured to

use the internal oscillator block as its primary clock

source (FOSC3:FOSC0 = 1001or 1000). Additionally,the PLL will only function when the selected output fre-

quency is either 4 MHz or 8 MHz (OSCCON =111or 110). If both of these conditions are not met, the PLLis disabled.

The PLLEN control bit is only functional in thoseinternal Oscillator modes where the PLL is available. In

all other modes, it is forced to 0 and is effectivelyunavailable.

2.6.5 INTOSC FREQUENCY DRIFT

The factory calibrates the internal oscillator block

output (INTOSC) for 8 MHz. However, this frequency

may drift as VDDor temperature changes, which can

affect the controller operation in a variety of ways. It is

possible to adjust the INTOSC frequency by modifying

the value in the OSCTUNE register. This has no effect

on the INTRC clock source frequency.

Tuning the INTOSC source requires knowing when tomake the adjustment, in which direction it should be

made and in some cases, how large a change is

needed. Three compensation techniques are

discussed in Section 2.6.5.1 Compensating with

the USART, Section 2.6.5.2 Compensating with

the Timers and Section 2.6.5.3 Compensating

with the CCP Module in Capture Mode, but other

techniques may be used.

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2.7 Clock Sources and OscillatorSwitching

Like previous PIC18 devices, the PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

family includes a feature that allows the device clock

source to be switched from the main oscillator to an

alternate low-frequency clock source. PIC18F2X1X/

4X1X devices offer two alternate clock sources. Whenan alternate clock source is enabled, the various

power-managed operating modes are available.

Essentially, there are three clock sources for these

devices:

Primary oscillators

Secondary oscillators

Internal oscillator block

The primary oscillators include the External Crystal

and Resonator modes, the External RC modes, the

External Clock modes and the internal oscillator block.

The particular mode is defined by the FOSC3:FOSC0

Configuration bits. The details of these modes are

covered earlier in this chapter.

The secondary oscillatorsare those external sources

not connected to the OSC1 or OSC2 pins. These

sources may continue to operate even after the

controller is placed in a power-managed mode.

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X devices offer the Timer1 oscillator

as a secondary oscillator. This oscillator, in all power-

managed modes, is often the time base for functions

such as a real-time clock.

Most often, a 32.768 kHz watch crystal is connected

between the RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI and RC1/T1OSI

pins. Like the LP mode oscillator circuit, loading

capacitors are also connected from each pin to ground.

The Timer1 oscillator is discussed in greater detail in

Section 11.3 Timer1 Oscillator.

In addition to being a primary clock source, the internal

oscillator block is available as a power-managed

mode clock source. The INTRC source is also used as

the clock source for several special features, such as

the WDT and Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.

The clock sources for the PIC18F2X1X/4X1X devicesare shown in Figure 2-8. See Section 22.0 Special

Features of the CPUfor Configuration register details.

FIGURE 2-8: PIC18F2X1X/4X1X CLOCK DIAGRAM

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

4 x PLL

FOSC3:FOSC0

Secondary Oscillator

T1OSCENEnableOscillator

T1OSO

T1OSI

Clock Source Option

for other Modules

OSC1

OSC2

Sleep HSPLL, INTOSC/PLL

LP, XT, HS, RC, EC

T1OSC

CPU

Peripherals

IDLEN

Postscaler

MU

X

MUX

8 MHz

4 MHz

2 MHz

1 MHz

500 kHz

125 kHz

250 kHz

OSCCON

111

110

101

100

011

010

001

00031 kHz

INTRCSource

InternalOscillator

Block

WDT, PWRT, FSCM

8 MHz

Internal Oscillator

(INTOSC)

OSCCON

ClockControl

OSCCON

Source8 MHz

31 kHz (INTRC)

OSCTUNE

01

OSCTUNE

and Two-Speed Start-up

Primary Oscillator

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

2.7.1 OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER

The OSCCON register (Register 2-2) controls several

aspects of the device clocks operation, both in full

power operation and in power-managed modes.

The System Clock Select bits, SCS1:SCS0, select the

clock source. The available clock sources are the

primary clock (defined by the FOSC3:FOSC0 Configu-ration bits), the secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator) and

the internal oscillator block. The clock source changes

immediately after one or more of the bits is written to,

following a brief clock transition interval. The SCS bits

are cleared on all forms of Reset.

The Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits

(IRCF2:IRCF0) select the frequency output of the

internal oscillator block to drive the device clock. The

choices are the INTRC source, the INTOSC source

(8 MHz) or one of the frequencies derived from the

INTOSC postscaler (31.25 kHz to 4 MHz). If the

internal oscillator block is supplying the device clock,

changing the states of these bits will have an immedi-

ate change on the internal oscillators output. Ondevice Resets, the default output frequency of the

internal oscillator block is set at 1 MHz.

When a nominal output frequency of 31 kHz is selected

(IRCF2:IRCF0 = 000), users may choose which inter-nal oscillator acts as the source. This is done with the

INTSRC bit in the OSCTUNE register (OSCTUNE).

Setting this bit selects INTOSC as a 31.25 kHz clock

source by enabling the divide-by-256 output of the

INTOSC postscaler. Clearing INTSRC selects INTRC

(nominally 31 kHz) as the clock source.

This option allows users to select the tunable and more

precise INTOSC as a clock source, while maintaining

power savings with a very low clock speed. Regardlessof the setting of INTSRC, INTRC always remains the

clock source for features such as the Watchdog Timer

and the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.

The OSTS, IOFS and T1RUN bits indicate which clock

source is currently providing the device clock. The

OSTS bit indicates that the Oscillator Start-up Timer

has timed out and the primary clock is providing the

device clock in Primary Clock modes. The IOFS bit

indicates when the internal oscillator block has stabi-

lized and is providing the device clock in RC Clock

modes. The T1RUN bit (T1CON) indicates when

the Timer1 oscillator is providing the device clock in

Secondary Clock modes. In power-managed modes,only one of these three bits will be set at any time. If

none of these bits are set, the INTRC is providing the

clock or the internal oscillator block has just started and

is not yet stable.

The IDLEN bit determines if the device goes into Sleep

mode or one of the Idle modes when the SLEEPinstruction is executed.

The use of the flag and control bits in the OSCCON

register is discussed in more detail in Section 3.0

Power-Managed Modes.

2.7.2 OSCILLATOR TRANSITIONSPIC18F2X1X/4X1X devices contain circuitry to prevent

clock glitches when switching between clock sources.

A short pause in the device clock occurs during the

clock switch. The length of this pause is the sum of two

cycles of the old clock source and three to four cycles

of the new clock source. This formula assumes that the

new clock source is stable.

Clock transitions are discussed in greater detail in

Section 3.1.2 Entering Power-Managed Modes.

Note 1: The Timer1 oscillator must be enabled toselect the secondary clock source. The

Timer1 oscillator is enabled by setting the

T1OSCEN bit in the Timer1 Control regis-

ter (T1CON). If the Timer1 oscillator

is not enabled, then any attempt to select

a secondary clock source will be ignored.

2: It is recommended that the Timer1

oscillator be operating and stable before

selecting the secondary clock source or a

very long delay may occur while the

Timer1 oscillator starts.

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REGISTER 2-2: OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER

R/W-0 R/W-1 R/W-0 R/W-0 R(1) R-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

IDLEN IRCF2 IRCF1 IRCF0 OSTS IOFS SCS1 SCS0

bit 7 bit 0

bit 7 IDLEN:Idle Enable bit

1= Device enters Idle mode on SLEEPinstruction0= Device enters Sleep mode on SLEEPinstruction

bit 6-4 IRCF2:IRCF0:Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bits

111= 8 MHz (INTOSC drives clock directly)110= 4 MHz101= 2 MHz100= 1 MHz(3)

011= 500 kHz010= 250 kHz001= 125 kHz000= 31 kHz (from either INTOSC/256 or INTRC directly)(2)

bit 3 OSTS:Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit(1)

1= Oscillator start-up time-out timer has expired; primary oscillator is running0= Oscillator start-up time-out timer is running; primary oscillator is not ready

bit 2 IOFS:INTOSC Frequency Stable bit

1= INTOSC frequency is stable0= INTOSC frequency is not stable

bit 1-0 SCS1:SCS0:System Clock Select bits

1x= Internal oscillator block01= Secondary (Timer1) oscillator00= Primary oscillator

Note 1: Reset state depends on state of the IESO Configuration bit.

2: Source selected by the INTSRC bit (OSCTUNE), see text.

3: Default output frequency of INTOSC on Reset.

Legend:

R = Readable bit W = Writable bit U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR 1 = Bit is set 0 = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

2.8 Effects of Power-Managed Modeson the Various Clock Sources

When PRI_IDLE mode is selected, the designated

primary oscillator continues to run without interruption.

For all other power-managed modes, the oscillator

using the OSC1 pin is disabled. The OSC1 pin (and

OSC2 pin, if used by the oscillator) will stop oscillating.In Secondary Clock modes (SEC_RUN and

SEC_IDLE), the Timer1 oscillator is operating and

providing the device clock. The Timer1 oscillator may

also run in all power-managed modes if required to

clock Timer1 or Timer3.

In Internal Oscillator modes (RC_RUN and RC_IDLE),

the internal oscillator block provides the device clock

source. The 31 kHz INTRC output can be used directly

to provide the clock and may be enabled to support

various special features, regardless of the power-

managed mode (see Section 22.2 Watchdog Timer

(WDT), Section 22.3 Two-Speed Start-up and

Section 22.4 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor for moreinformation on WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and Two-

Speed Start-up). The INTOSC output at 8 MHz may be

used directly to clock the device or may be divided

down by the postscaler. The INTOSC output is disabled

if the clock is provided directly from the INTRC output.

If the Sleep mode is selected, all clock sources are

stopped. Since all the transistor switching currents

have been stopped, Sleep mode achieves the lowest

current consumption of the device (only leakage

currents).

Enabling any on-chip feature that will operate during

Sleep will increase the current consumed during Sleep.

The INTRC is required to support WDT operation. The

Timer1 oscillator may be operating to support a real-

time clock. Other features may be operating that do not

require a device clock source (i.e., SSP slave, PSP,

INTn pins and others). Peripherals that may add

significant current consumption are listed in

Section 25.2 DC Characteristics.

2.9 Power-up Delays

Power-up delays are controlled by two timers, so that

no external Reset circuitry is required for most applica-

tions. The delays ensure that the device is kept in

Reset until the device power supply is stable under nor-

mal circumstances and the primary clock is operating

and stable. For additional information on power-up

delays, see Section 4.5 Device Reset Timers.

The first timer is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which

provides a fixed delay on power-up (parameter 33,

Table 25-10). It is enabled by clearing (= 0) thePWRTEN Configuration bit.

The second timer is the Oscillator Start-up Timer

(OST), intended to keep the chip in Reset until thecrystal oscillator is stable (LP, XT and HS modes). The

OST does this by counting 1024 oscillator cycles

before allowing the oscillator to clock the device.

When the HSPLL Oscillator mode is selected, the

device is kept in Reset for an additional 2 ms, following

the HS mode OST delay, so the PLL can lock to the

incoming clock frequency.

There is a delay of interval TCSD (parameter 38,

Table 25-10), following POR, while the controller

becomes ready to execute instructions. This delay runs

concurrently with any other delays. This may be the

only delay that occurs when any of the EC, RC or INTIO

modes are used as the primary clock source.

TABLE 2-3: OSC1 AND OSC2 PIN STATES IN SLEEP MODE

Oscillator Mode OSC1 Pin OSC2 Pin

RC, INTIO1 Floating, external resistor should pull high At logic low (clock/4 output)

RCIO Floating, external resistor should pull high Configured as PORTA, bit 6

INTIO2 Configured as PORTA, bit 7 Configured as PORTA, bit 6

ECIO Floating, pulled by external clock Configured as PORTA, bit 6

EC Floating, pulled by external clock At logic low (clock/4 output)

LP, XT and HS Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent

voltage level

Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent

voltage levelNote: See Table 4-2in Section 4.0 Resetfor time-outs due to Sleep and MCLR Reset.

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NOTES:

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PIC18F2X1X/4X1X

3.0 POWER-MANAGED MODES

PIC18F2X1X/4X1X devices offer a total of seven oper-

ating modes for more efficient power management.

These modes provide a variety of options for selective

power conservation in applications where resources

may be limited (i.e., battery-powered devices).

There are three categories of power-managed modes:

Run modes

Idle modes

Sleep mode

These categories define which portions of the device

are clocked and sometimes, what speed. The Run and

Idle modes may use any of the three available clock

sources (primary, secondary or internal oscillator

block); the Sleep mode does not use a clock source.

The power-managed modes include several power-

saving features offered on previous PICdevices. One

is the clock switching feature, offered in other PIC18

devices, allowing the controller to use the Timer1 oscil-lator in place of the primary oscillator. Also included is

the Sleep mode, offered by all PIC devices, where all

device clocks are stopped.

3.1 Selecting Power-Managed Modes

Selecting a power-managed mode requires two

decisions: if the CPU is to be clocked or not and the

selection of a clock source. The IDLEN bit

(OSCCON) controls CPU clocking, while the

SCS1:SCS0 bits (OSCCON) select the clock

source. The individual modes, bit settings, clock sources

and affected modules are summarized in Table 3-1.

3.1.1 CLOCK SOURCES

The SCS1:SCS0 bits allow the selection of one of three

clock sources for power-managed modes. They are:

the primary clock, as defined by the

FOSC3:FOSC0 Configuration bits

the secondary clock (the Timer1 oscillator)

the internal oscillator block (for RC modes)

3.1.2 ENTERING POWER-MANAGEDMODES

Switching from one power-managed mode to another

begins by loading the OSCCON register. The

SCS1:SCS0 bits select the clock source and determine

which Run or Idle mode is to be used. Changing these

bits causes an immediate switch to the new clock

source, assuming that it is running. The switch may

also be subject to clock transition delays. These are

discussed in Section 3.1.3 Clock Transitions and

Status Indicatorsand subsequent sections.

Entry to the power-managed Idle or Sleep modes istriggered by the execution of a SLEEPinstruction. Theactual mode that results depends on the status of the

IDLEN bit.

Depending on the current mode and the mode being

switched to, a change to a power-managed mode does

not always require setting all of these bits. Many

transitions may be done by changing the oscillator select

bits, or changing the ID

18f2x1x

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