1884

First proper fountain

pen was

invented.

Fountain pena pen that is supplied with ink from a reservoir in its

barrel

1907

Maria Montessori’s

Casa dei Bambini was established.

Maria Montessori was a devoted scientist and

insatiable learner.

•Use of educational films.

•Sidney Pressey’s teaching machines

1920s

Teaching Machinesmechanical device used for presenting a program of IM.

1930s

•Airing of first instructional TV

•16mm sound motion picture was developed

Instructional television (ITV )is the use of television

programs in the field of distance education.

1940s•Movies, filmstrips, radio, and other pictorial devices were used in military trainings.

•Invention of Memex by Vannevar Bush.

•Modern version of ball point pen was invented.

The memex a portmanteau of

"memory" and "index"

1950s

• Skinner’s Programmed Instruction

• Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

Programmed learningThe purpose of programmed

learning is to "manage human learning under controlled

conditions"

Bloom's TaxonomyIt refers to a classification of the

different objectives that educators set for students

(learning objectives).

1960s• Use of whiteboard

•Use of computers in schools

•Systems approach to designing instruction

was introduced

• Instructional films became more

creative and more accessible

• Large scale television availability

Instructional Design (Instructional Systems Design (ISD))

is the practice of maximizing the effectiveness, efficiency and appeal

of instruction and other learning experiences. 

1970s

• Proliferation of instructional design models

•Development of needs

assessment procedures

• Instructional Design is defined “as a

systematic process that is employed to

develop education and training programs in a consistent and reliable

fashion” (Reiser & Dempsey, 2007).

Instructional Design models or theories may be thought

of as frameworks for developing modules or

lessons

1980s

•Digitized communication and networking in education started

•CBI / CBT flourished

1990s•Hypertext and hypermedia influence the field

•Learning management systems (LMS) were used

A learning management system (commonly abbreviated as LMS)

should be able to do the following:

•centralize and automate administration•use self-service and self-guided services•assemble and deliver learning content rapidly•consolidate training initiatives on a scalable web-based platform•support portability and standards•personalize content and enable knowledge reuse.

Some LMSs are Web-based to facilitate access to learning content and administration

2000s•Internet technologies are more integrated in the academe

•Web 2.0 tools

•Web conferencing