EBook Models that Work

Dr. David M. HartDirector, Liberty Fund’s Online Library of Liberty

Liberty Fund, inc.

founded in 1960 as a non-profit educational foundation located in Indianapolis, IN.

its aim is to encourage an understanding of, and an ongoing conversation about, liberty in all its manifestations - individual, political, economic, legal

each year LF organizes 160 conferences and publishes 20 books, and hosts 2 websites - the Library of Economics and Liberty, the Online Library of Liberty

The Online Library of Liberty

over 1,500 titles by over 400 authors

designed for scholars, teachers, students, and interested general public - free access for educational purposes

9,000 visits (sessions) per day; 167,000 visits per month; visitors from over 160 countries

in its 2nd year of operation 3.6m pages (html/php) were requested, 3.8m downloads (PDF/mp3); 14,000 GB downloaded

December 2005 winner of a National Endowment for the Humanities “Best of the Humanities on the Web” award

Strengths of the OLL

unique content focussed on a niche market

added educational value

its cost

texts in multiple formats

Content: 3 Core Components

a modified version of the Great Books Program - based on Great Books Program developed at the University of Chicago, the 100 names on the walls of the Seminar Room of Wabash College library

electronic versions of books published by LF - classics about liberty which have gone out of print

other books drawn from the classical liberal and free market tradition

Supporting Material

not just “electronic books sitting on electronic shelves”

we make our material educationally useful with author bios and brief descriptions of all the texts

authors and titles are given meaning by being placed in their historical and intellectual context

authors are placed into “groups” - nationality, historical period, schools of thought, debates

titles are placed into “collections” - disciplines, topics, debates

Cost

the OLL and Econlib are made available free of charge to the public for educational use and to further the aims of Liberty Fund

access via the WWW and on DVD - The Portable Library of Liberty with 700 EBooks

$1m per year budget

we spend tens of thousands of dollars per year to license the electronic rights for important material, e.g. Adam Smith and OUP, David Ricardo and CUP, J.S. Mill and U. Toronto P.

Texts in 3 Different Formats

facsimile PDF of the original so scholars can go back to the text; to display historically interesting and rare editions, e.g. Locke, Shakespeare

XML/HTML: a well-thought out and sophisticated DTD allows us to build an XML repository to serve up HTML versions of the title which can be creatively searched and nicely formated

EBook PDF created from the HTML version - a self-contained version of the book which can be downloaded or distributed on CD/DVD (the Portable Library of Liberty)

Portable Library of Liberty

designed as a promotional item and as a pedagogical tool

contains over 700 titles from the OLL in EBook PDF format

text-based PDF made from the HTML version of our titles

also contains info about author, title, copyright, fair use, links back to OLL

no need to have access to the WWW, self-contained, independently searchable (Acrobat Reader or Preview)

satisfies needs of readers in developing countries

THE ONLINE LIBRARY OF LIBERTY

© Liberty Fund, Inc. 2005

http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/index.php

JOHN LOCKE, (1689)TWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT (1764 ED.)

URL of this E-Book:

URL of original HTML file:

http://oll.libertyfund.org/EBooks/Locke_0057.pdf

http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0057

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

John Locke was an English philosopher who is considered to be

one of the first philosophers of the Enlightenment and the father

of classical liberalism. In his major work

Locke rejects the idea of the divine right of kings,

supports the idea of natural rights (especially of property), and

argues for a limited constitutional government which would

protect individual rights.

Two Treatises of

Government

ABOUT THE BOOK

Locke’s most famous work of political philosophy began as a reply

to Filmer’s defense of the idea of the divine right of kings and

ended up becoming an defense of natural rights, especially

property rights, and of government limited to protecting those

rights. This 1764 edition is famous for being the edition which

was widely read in the American colonies on the eve of the

Revolution.

THE EDITION USED

Two Treatises of Government, ed. Thomas Hollis (London: A. Millar

et al., 1764).

COPYRIGHT INFORMATION

The text of this edition is in the public domain.

FAIR USE STATEMENT

This material is put online to further the educational goals of

Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright

Information section above, this material may be used freely for

educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any

way for profit.

_______________________________________________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

OF GOVERNMENT BOOK I

CHAP. I.

9/11/05 12:34 PMLocke_0057

Page 1 of 100http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/EBook.php?recordID=0057

Liberty Fund’s EBooks 1

successful because they are free? perhaps ...

we give away our EBooks in part as a promotional tool, but also to fulfill our mission statement, to get hard to find or out of print material into the hands of teachers and students, to provide scholarly material to people in developing countries who do not have access to these resources

our EBooks are part of a larger collection, the Online Library of Liberty, which contains facs. PDFs, HTMLs, supporting material - so the EBooks, especially on the Portable Library of Liberty DVD, are designed to lead readers back to the main site to find out more

Liberty Fund’s EBooks 2

our EBooks are derived from sources which are legal, professionally scanned and proofread, coded to a well thought out and sophisticated DTD, and are designed with the needs of scholars and students in mind

they are self-contained versions of our HTML titles which do not need access to the WWW to be read - the PDF package contains all the text, images, glyphs, and other server side includes necessary to read the text

unlike the HTML version they have fixed pagination which allows for unambiguous scholarly citation of the text

Liberty Fund’s EBooks 3

unlike the image-based facs. PDF our EBooks are much smaller in size

using freely available PDF readers like Acrobat Reader or Apple’s Preview our EBooks can be searched rapidly for key words, thus providing our readers with a useful scholarly resource

scholars and students like to “own” their own copy of books, so we encourage them to download a title or request a copy of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD (with 700 titles)

Liberty Fund’s EBooks 4

for readers in developing countries with limited access to the WWW or to traditional libraries, EBooks on CD or DVD give them access to resources they would not otherwise have

until a truly user-friendly, dedicated EBook reader is developed we believe that desktop and laptop computers will be the main way EBooks will be read and that the PDF format is the most ubiquitous and cheapest way to read EBooks

by having all our online texts in XML format we are well positioned to supply content in any new format which might appear in the future

The Most Requested PDF Titles in Early March 2006

Hits/Day Request943.9 /Texts/MillJS0172/Works/Vol16/0223.16.pdf619.3 /Texts/MillJS0172/Works/Vol03/PDFs/0223.03_Pt01_Book3.pdf

485.4 /Texts/MillJS0172/Works/Vol28/0223.28.pdf467.3 /EBooks/Acton_0108.pdf

303.0 /EBooks/Bacon_0415.pdf302.6 /EBooks/Mill_0199.pdf298.0 /EBooks/Bacon_0414.pdf

240.1 /EBooks/Henderson_0145.pdf192.0 /Texts/Erasmus0096/PraiseOfFolly/0136_Bk.pdf119.9 /Texts/Hooker0127/Works/0172-01_Bk.pdf

106.1 /Texts/LFBooks/Mises0184/Money/0070_eBk.pdf102.0 /Texts/Hooker0127/Works/0172-02_Bk.pdf98.3 /EBooks/Hamilton_0084.pdf

96.7 /Texts/Gaius0102/Institutes/0533_Bk.pdf83.6 /Texts/Jefferson0136/Works/0054-08_Bk.pdf80.3 /Texts/LFBooks/Henderson0119/.../0145_eBk.pdf

79.7 /Texts/MillJS0172/Works/Vol02/0223.02.pdf74.0 /Texts/Mohammed0186/Koran/0230_Bk.pdf73.3 /Texts/Clarkson0548/SlaveTrade/0591-01_Bk.pdf

71.9 /Texts/Hammurabi0113/Code/0762_Bk.pdf

The Most Requested PDF Titles by Number of Downloads

Here is a list of the top 20 requested PDF titles over the past 14months. They include 6 works of economics, 6 philosophy, 5 history orpolitical theory, and 3 religion:

Requests Title75,000 Henderson’s Concise Encyclopedia of Economics

61,000 JS Mill, Principles of Political Economy54,273 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations vol. 150,383 Voltaire, Candide

37,945 Cicero, Nature of the Gods37,466 The Federalist

34,915 Mises, Theory of Money and Credit30,796 Tevor-Roper, The Crisis of the 17th Century30,151 Lord Acton, The History of Freedom

29,796 Erasmus, The Praise of Folly27,196 Gaius, The Institutes24,872 Hobbes, Leviathan

23,493 Adam Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments22,185 Banning, Liberty and Order21,041 Cicero, Letters

20,733 John Adams, Writings20,638 The Koran19,312 Mises, Socialism

19,217 Mises, Human Action17,775 Calvin, Institutes

Conclusions

the OLL provides a high quality niche online library to our target audience of scholars, educators, and students in the humanities

EBooks in PDF format are part of a tripartite platform for the delivery of texts: image-based facs. PDF, XML/HTML versions, text-based EBook PDFs

1,500 titles are offered free of charge to the public for educational purposes both via the WWW (all 3 formats) and on DVD (EBook only)

EBook PDFs allow readers to “own” their own self-contained copy of the text