1877-1900. 1a,4a,4c jim crow laws poll tax literacy tests grandfather clause booker t....
TRANSCRIPT
Jim Crow Laws Poll tax Literacy tests Grandfather clause Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois Ida B. Wells Las Gorras Blancas
KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE
15th amendment was SUPPOSED to grant all men the rights to vote
BUT◦ Poll tax: tax to vote, poor people could not pay
so they could not vote◦ Literacy test: reading comprehension tests◦ Grandfather Clause: if your grandfather could
vote then you could Allowed poor whites the ability to still vote
As a result, black voter registration in the south plummeted
Limiting Voting Rights
Jim Crow Laws Plessy vs Ferguson
(1896)◦ Upheld
constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws
◦ “Separate but Equal” doesn’t violate 14th amendment
New Laws Force Segregation
African Americans that Oppose Segregation
Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois
Accommodate to segregation
Called for “gradual progress”
Atlanta Compromise speech
Tuskegee Institute
Criticized Washington Demanded IMMEDIATE
equality Niagara Movement NAACP 1909
Perceived threat that Chinese were taking jobs
Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act◦ Prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the
country Chinese used the court system to sue for
their rights
Chinese Immigrants Face Discrimination
Many lost land they had been granted at the end of the Mexican American War◦ They couldn’t prove that it was actually theirs◦ Had no federal representation in Congress
Fighting Back◦ Los Gorras Blancas
Targeted land of big ranchers Cut holes in barbed wire
Mexican American Struggle
Women
Gains Set Backs
Improved education Organized activists
groups◦ Women’s Christian
Temperance Union Pushed Prohibition
◦ National Women’s Suffrage Association Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Didn’t get a Constitutional Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote
Party loyalties were equally divided◦ No group gained control
Presidents of Gilded Age are seen as WEAK◦ Won by small margins◦ Lacked integrity
Most Noteworthy President of the Period◦ Grover Cleveland
Known for his integrity
Balance of Power Creates Stalemate
Lots of political corruption during the time◦ Dishonest politicians
Political Cartoonists raise an alarm to the corruption
Thomas Nast: one the most famous cartoonists of the time◦ Disliked Boss Tweed
Party Boss of the Political Machine, Tammany Hall
Corruption
Politicians awarded government jobs to loyal party workers-not based on their merit◦ Kept the parties powerful
President Garfield is assassinated as a result of not giving in to patronage◦ Chester Arthur steps up as President and
passes…. Pendleton Civil Service Act
◦ Must take an exam to prove merit for government job
◦ Slowed down patronage
The Spoils Systemaka Patronage
Economic Issues
Tariff Monetary Policy
◦ A tax on imported goods ◦ Makes locally made
goods cheaper◦ Republicans
High tariff: promote industry and jobs
◦ Democrats Low tariff: increased costs
of goods to consumers and American farmers can’t sell their goods abroad
Gold Standard vs Bimetallism
Gold: money is backed by the gold we have
Minting Silver: would cause inflation◦ Too much money in
circulation◦ Causes a rise in prices
Falling Prices & Rising Debt◦ Crop prices plummeted
Cost more to produce than they could sell them for◦ Cost of doing business rose
Went in debt to pay for machinery, seed, livestock, etc
Big Business Practices◦ Blame was on
Railroads: charging too much for freight Banks: charging too high interest rates
Farmers Face Many Problems
The Grange◦ Oliver H. Kelley◦ Goals
Providing education on new farming techniques Regulation of railroad rates Regulation of grain elevator rates
◦ Some states pass “Grange Laws” Set maximum freight charges and elevator storage Prompted Congress to establish the ICC
Farmers Organize
Farmer’s Alliance◦ Formed cooperatives to
sell crops◦ Called for “sub-
treasuries” Low interest banks
Farmers Organize, Cont’d
AKA The People’s Party◦ New political party from the grass roots up◦ Farmers
Goals◦ End political corruption◦ Increase the money supply
Free coinage of silver◦ Government ownership of railroads
The Populist Party
1893 Depression◦ Worsened conditions for farmers
1896 Election◦ William Jennings Bryan runs as the Democrat
Ran with the Populist Goals “Cross of Gold” speech
◦ William McKinley ran as Republican Cast Bryan as a potential dictator Supported the Gold Standard Won the election
Economic Crisis & Populism’s Decline