1865-1877

RECONSTRUCTION

REVIEW OF THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)

• Between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy)

• Over Slavery & States Rights

• Appomattox April 9, 1865

• Gen. Robert E. Lee (South) & Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (North) met at the Appomattox Court House; General Lee surrenders resulting in Northern victory of the war

• 360,000 Union Soldiers and 260,000 Confederate Soldiers Died

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE CIVIL WAR Union enlisted black soldiers in conquered areas of

the South They made up 1/10 of Union Army by end of war Unequal treatment in Army 54th Massachusetts

One of the 1st African American units in the War Fort Wagner William Harvey Carney – 1st African American to

receive Medal of Honor

THE WAR ENDS IN 1865… SO NOW WHAT????

• Economic problems

• Political changes – Federal power increased

• 13th Amendment – Abolishing slavery

• Lincoln is Assassinated by John Wiles Booth on April 14, 1865

• …… Reconstruction

LINCOLN’S PLAN• 10% Plan – Governments would pardon all

Confederates (except high-ranking officials)

• Once 10% of a state’s population who had voted in 1860 had given an oath of allegiance to the union that state could form a new state gov’t and send representatives and senators to Congress.

• Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Virginia accepted the plan

RADICAL REPUBLICANS• Led by Charles Sumner of Massachusetts and

Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania

• Wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders

• Wanted African Americans to get full citizenship and the right to Vote.

JOHNSON’S PLAN• Like Lincoln’s Plan

• Excluded high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern Landowners from taking to oath.

• All 7 remaining states accepted Johnson’s Plan (except Texas)

CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

SOCIETAL RECONSTRUCTION

• Postwar South

• Economically Devastated

• Property Value plummeted

• Small farms were ruined

• Government started public works programs to repair the physical damage of the war and to provide social services.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH

• 13th amendment gave them freedom, 15th amendment gave them the right to vote

• Many white southerners refused to accept African American’s new status

• African Americans founded their own churches

• The First real Public school systems in the south were during Reconstruction – African Americans get an education

• Sharecropping and Tenant Farming

• No Land of their own

THE FALL OF RECONSTRUCTION • Problems and Resentment between white southerners and African Americans