1812, waterloo, and the congress of
TRANSCRIPT
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Outline
Situation in 1811 Objective Moscow Burning City of Doom The long Retreat Coda Reactionary “Congress”
Soundtrack: “The 1812 Overture” by Pytor Tchaikovsky
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Situation in 1811
Napoleon “liberated Poland” from Austria Russia, Prussia with victories in 1805-06 – “Grand Duchy of Warsaw”
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Run Up to Invasion
• Russians see GD Warsaw as a launching point for invasion
• Russian Tsar Alexander I Rejects the Continental System in 1810– Russia has raw materials, but little commercial base– Needs trade to prosper
• This aggravates Napoleon, both sides prepare for war– Russian Church– Russian State
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Napoleon Appeals to Allies
Russia is Backward
Reactionary
People in Bondage
Symbol of Old Europe
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European Grand Armee
Grand Armee in 1812 was about 600,000 men, of which about half were French 100,000 Germans 100,000 Poles Over 25,000 of Austrian, Neapolitans, Italians
Figures vary of how much of the army invaded Russia, but at least 400,000, with about 200,000 in reserve in Poland
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The Push Napoleon’s Troops
invaded Russia in June, 1812.
Russians refuse to fight, trading space for time, fighting only at Borodino Scorched Earth Skirmishes
Napoleon, frustrated, pushed toward Moscow, the ancient Capital of Russia
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Logistics
• Russian Roads were pathetic by W. European standards
• Slows men down• But Especially the supply
train• Army outmarched its
supplies• Long undefended supply
line from Poland to Armee
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Moscow
Napoleon Captures Moscow in September
City is abandoned and burns to the ground’
Without a stable base, Napoleons Men have to abandon the city Head home
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The Long March Home…
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Oh the Humanity..
Charles Joseph Minard’s Famous Diagram depicting the size of the Grand Armee during the Invasion and retreat
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Defeat and Waterloo
Napoleon’s forces are routed at the Battle of Nations in 1813, the Coalition forces capture Paris in 1814, Has to Abdicate
Exile to Elba 100 days: Returns, raises an Army, and is
defeated again at Waterloo by the Duke of Wellington
St Helena
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“Das Lied Vom Ende”
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Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 Meeting of
Represenatives from all five powers
Russia – Tsar Alexander I Prussia – King Fredrick
William III Austria – Klemens von
Metternich France - Talleyrand England - Castlereagh
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Goals of the Powers
Return France to Monarchy Stabilize Europe the “right” way Don’t overly embarrass France
King Louis XVIII Do not want him to fail Set France’s borders to 1792 – France holds onto
some early gains After 100 days though, 1790 with occupation force Bourbon King restored to Spain (1823)
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Anglo-Austrian Arrangement Attempt to prevent Prussian
and Russian gains England argues for decreased
French Navy The Kingdom of the
Netherlands established Flanders and Dutch Republic
Austria gains power in Italy HRE = defunct; Now German
Confederation headed by Austria and Prussia
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Summary
Main Goal of the Congress was to Turn back the clock on Enlightenment Revolution Republicanism
Also spurs nationalism