18. baroque in flanders and holland
TRANSCRIPT
Warm-Up
• For a variety of reasons, artists throughout history have created works of art that depict domestic (household) space.
•
• Select and fully identify two works of art that depict domestic space. One of your choices must date prior to 1500 C.E., and one must date after 1500 C.E. Using specific visual evidence, analyze how the depiction of domestic space in each work communicates meaning.
• (30 minutes)
Baroque in
Holland
and
Flanders
Historical Context
• 1581, six northern provinces
led by William the Silent
declared their independence
from Spain
– Spain reclaims southern
Netherlands (Flanders)
• The Dutch gain
independence after the Thirty
Years’ War in 1648
• Religion is Reformed
Protestant (Calvin) and is
iconoclastic
– What 2 effects does this
produce in Holland?
Characteristics
• Meaning: Everyday life is idealized
and rosy
• Aesthetic: simple objects, real
people and vanitas arrangments
predominate. Open brush strokes,
earthen tones and warm schemes,
impasto and painterly
• Reason: Life is fleeting, focus on the
impression and the vanity of an object.
Enjoy the people and human
interaction.
• Context: Religious work is couched in
the Baroque understanding of human
experession
Peter Paul Rubens
• 1577-1640 – Born to a prominent Antwerp
Protestant who fled to Germany to escape Spanish persecution
– Converts to Catholicism
• Studies in Italy in 1600 – 8 years absorbing the
Renaissance, Caravaggio and Carracci
• Court Painter in Flanders (1608)
• Theme: The Whole Universe is a stage
Raising of the Cross, 1610
Oil on panel, 460 x 340 cm (centre panel), 460 x 150 cm (wings)
O.-L. Vrouwekathedraal, Antwerp
Marie de Medici, Queen of
France
Peter Paul Rubens
about 1622
Oil on canvas, 130 x 108 cm
Madrid, Museo del Prado
Anthony Van Dyck
• Flemish Baroque
Artist (1599-1641)
– Like most Baroque
artists, develops his
style after touring Italy
– Considered himself a
history painter
– Famous for London
Portraits of Royalty
Portrait of Charles I Hunting. ñ. 1635. Oil
on canvas.
Musee du Louvre, Paris
Rinaldo and
Armida. 1629. Oil on
canvas, 236.5 x 229 cm.
The Baltimore Museum of
Art.
Jan Bruegel the Elder
• Son of Pieter Bruegel
the Elder from the
Mannerist tradition
• Focuses on
allegorical landscapes
typical of Northern
painters
– Maintains the inverted
perspective of
Mannerist painters
• Used Oil on Copper
Allegory of Earth. 1618. Oil
on copper, 46 x 67 cm.
Musee du Louvre, Paris
Frans Snyder, Market Stall. 1614.
The Art Institute of Chicago
• Monday: Hals, Rembrandt, Vermeer – 606-609
• Tuesday: Intro to French Baroque, de La Tour and Poussin – 614-619
• Wednesday: Royal Academy, Louvre, Versailles, St. Paul – 620-625
• Thursday: Intro to Rococo, Watteau, Hogarth – 627-632
• Friday: Italian Rococo – 639-642
Weekly Breakdown
Utrecht School
• Travels to Holland from Antwerp through Rubens – From Ruben’s own
association with Carravaggio
• Strongly Catholic Utrecht prefers the lay Christian realism of Caravaggio over Carracci
• The School is responsible for preserving the style for future masters such as Hals, Rembrandt, and Vermeer
Hendrick Terbrugghen. The Calling of St.
Matthew.
1621. Oil on canvas, 101.5 x 137.2 cm.
Centraal Museum, Utrecht
Frans Hals
• Portrait painter in
Haarlem (1585-1666)
• Ruben’s robust
characters with
Caravaggio’s
dramatic moment
focus
• Twinkling eyes, open
face, crooked smiles,
or contrasting
austerity
Malle Babbe. ñ. 1650. Oil on
canvas. 75 x 63.5 cm.
Gemaldegalerie, Berlin
The Jolly Toper. 1628-30. Oil on canvas.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
The Women Regents of the Old Men's Home at Haarlem. 1664. Oil on canvas, 170.3 x 249 cm.
Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem
Rembrandt van Rijn
Rembrandt: A Summary
• Dutch Painter and Etcher, 1606-1669 – Contact with Caravaggio
through Utrecht School
– Started as a portrait painter
– Rises as large, group portrait painter
– Matures as an expressive, yet classical portrait artist with open brush work
• “A painting is not made to be sniffed.”
Rembrandt: Knowledge
Try to put well in
practice what you
already know; and in
so doing, you will in
good time, discover
the hidden things
which you now
inquire about.
Practice what you
know, and it will help
to make clear what
now you do not know.
Self Portrait with a
Cap, openmouthed,
Etching, 1630
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. 1632. Oil on Canvas, The Hague
Rembrandt van Rijn. The Blinding of
Samson. 1636. Oil on canvas, 2.4 x 3 m.
Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt
Belsazar's Feast, 1635
Rembrandt van Rijn. The Night Watch (The Company of Captain Trans Banning
Cocg). 1642.
Oil on canvas, 3.8 x 4.4 m. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Rembrandt, Christ Preaching (La petite Tombe), c. 1652
etching, engraving, and drypoint
plate: 15.4 x 20.7 cm (6 1/16 x 8 1/8 in.) sheet: 15.9 x 21.1 cm (6
1/4 x 8 5/16 in.)
Rembrandt van Rijn. Self-
Portrait. 1658. Oil on
canvas, 133.6 x 103.8 cm.
The Frick Collection, New York
Rembrandt van Rijn. The Return of
the Prodigal Son. c. 1665.
Oil on canvas, 2.6 x2.1 m.
Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
Warm-Up 2/29/12
Section 1: MC
_____(Number Correct out of 99) x .7079 =
____________(Weighted Section I Score, do not
round)
Section 2: FRQ
Question 1: _________x 2.5
Question 2: _________x 2.5
Question 3: _________x 2.5
Question 4: _________x 2.5
Question 5: _________x 2.5
Question 6: _________x 2.5
Section 1 + Section 2
5: 101-130
4: 73-100
3: 72-58
2: 41-57
1: 0-40
Johannes Vermeer
• Dutch painter (1632-1675) – Focuses on domestic
interior scenes of middle class life
– Category: Genre Painting
– Mediocre popularity gives way to obscurity after death
– Discovered again the 19th century
Major Events/Disasters
• Delft Thunderclap (1654) – 30 tonnes of gunpowder
explode and destroy half the city
– 100 people killed, thousands wounded
• Outbreak of plague (1653-1657)
• “Year of Disaster” (1672) – 3rd Anglo-Dutch War
– Franco-Dutch War
– Dismantling of the Dutch Republic
Jan Vermeer. The
Letter. 1666.
Oil on
canvas, 43.3 x 38.3 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Jan Vermeer. Pearl
Earring. 1665.
Oil on canvas, 43.3 x 38.3 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam