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Dr. Deryck D. Pattron, Ph.D.Pubic Health Scientist & Consultant

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Environmental conflicts Environmental law Dispute resolution

All Rights Reserved (c) 2009

Dr. Deryck D. Pattron 2

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Conflict Differing values, actions ordirections

Environmental conflicts Disagreement over alternative uses

of available resources



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Two main ways:1. Environmental Laws

2. Dispute Resolution



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DefinitionComplex and interlocking body ofstatutes that operate to regulate theinteraction of human activity andenvironmentalism



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Concerned with: Air quality

Water quality

Global climate change

Agricultural biodiversity

Waste management

Sustainable development

other



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1.Common Law

2.Statutory Law



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Based on precedent and/or past legal decision

Application of common law:

Tort-A claim brought by an injured plaintiff Types of redress

Injunction or court refrain order

Compensation

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1.Nuisance

2.Trespass

3.Negligence



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oDefinitionA class of wrongs that arise from

the unreasonable, unwarrantable,or unlawful use of a persons own

property that produces annoyance,

inconvenience, or material injury

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o Definition

The uninvited entry of a person,

agent or object onto another

persons property, including

ones own body

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o DefinitionWillful disrespect for the rights of a

persons property, person or thing

Strict liability

The responsibility of the manufacturer toassume responsibility for goods and

services under his jurisdiction

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The body of acts passed by alocal/state legislature

Govern how environment andhuman health are protected andhow resources should be managed



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Clean Air Act (1970)

Clean Water Act (1972)

National Environmental Policy Act (1969) Endangered Species Act (1973)

Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

(1976)



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Public Health Ordinance of 1917 Yellow Fever Regulations of 1979 Litter Act 27 of 1973 Food & Drugs Act & Regulations of 1960 Pesticides & Toxic Chemicals Act of

1979/2005 Municipal Corporations Act (Abattoir Bye

Laws) Occupation Safety & Health Act of 2004 Environmental Management Authority Act of

2000.All Rights Reserved (c) 2009


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Member of Parliament proposes bill

Approval of bill by both houses of Parliament

Bill goes to President forsignature

If approved, bill is called an Act

Published in the local Gazette

Parliament authorizes Govt agencies to createRegulations

Public review & revision

Legislation returns to Parliament for acceptance and is thenpublished in the local Gazette

Bill can go through upto several revisions

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The process by which disputing parties reach amutually acceptable solution to a problem.

Reasons for dispute resolution costly lawsuits drawn-out decision making process court decisions can be appealed court decisions may be unsatisfactory to all

better expectations, through more publicparticipation & empowerment in resource &environmental management



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1. Public consensus to solicit the views of the public

2. Negotiation to reach a decision by consensus

3. Mediation to utilize a third party facilitator todiscover facts from opinions

4. Arbitration to utilize a third party arbitrator tomake a decisive decision which in most cases maynot be binding



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Clearly defined issues

Perception of balance of power between

parties

A formally agreed-upon agenda

Willing to explore new ideas



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Advantages:o All parties have a better chance to resolve

conflictso

Solutions can be generated rapidlyo Alternative to costly litigation

Disadvantages:

o Inadequate fundingo Loss of statuso Doubt in attaining a favourable outcomeo Outcomes may not be legally enforced



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Morgan, MT. 2003. Environmental Health.

Australia: Thomson Wadsworth

Pattron, D. 2004. Recent Research in PublicHealth. New York: Scientific Publishers.



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