1750 agricultural society – simple life and homes – food grown for consumption – clothes made...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1750•Agricultural Society–Simple life and homes–Food grown for consumption–Clothes made by hand–Simple tools
![Page 3: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Were the British 1st?Started about 1750……
•Natural Resources!– Coal for power– Iron for building
![Page 4: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
•Human ResourcesAgricultural Boom – Use of different soils– Crop rotation– Use of horses– Invention of seed drill– Physical size of animals increased– Enclosure farming – fencing land
![Page 5: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Population Explosion– Decline in death rates– Reduced risk of famine– Stronger/healthier babies
from better eating– Deadly diseases in decline
![Page 6: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
•New Technology–Scientific Revolution•Attention on physical world & managing it
–Social Revolution•Enlightenment thinking
–Political Revolution
![Page 7: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Economic
– Capital ($$)•Accumulated by business class•Invest in mines, railroads, and factories
![Page 8: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Economic
– Demand•Population explosion increased demand•General economic prosperity to allow purchases
![Page 9: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Political & Social Conditions
–Stable government–Strong navy for protection–Upper middle class allowed wealth to spread
![Page 10: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
–Religious groups that encouraged thrift & hard work–Worldly problems more of a
concern than life after death–Energies devoted to material
achievements
• Political & Social Conditions – cont…
![Page 11: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Textile
1. A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric.
2. Fiber or yarn forweaving or knittinginto cloth.
![Page 12: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Changes in Textile IndustryInnovations:• John Kay: Flying Shuttle – cloth weaving• James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny –
spun thread• Richard Awkwright: water power to speed up spinning
![Page 13: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Start of Factories• New machines too large &
expensive for homes.• First, built next to streams to run
on water power. Later, steam engines powered by coal.• Many workers with machines
produced increased quantities of lower priced goods.
![Page 14: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Transportation•Railroads• Turnpikes• Steamboats and Ships
![Page 15: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Urbanization•Movement of people to city• Looking for jobs• Coal and iron mines grew
cities• Factories made cities grow
![Page 16: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Factory System
•Rigid discipline:–Set schedule–Long hours (12 to 16 per
day)–Dangerous conditions
![Page 17: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Factory System•Women workers– Easier to manage– Paid less than men for same
job– Still had to care for family and
home
![Page 18: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Factory System
•Child labor– Small and quick– Family needed money– No education
![Page 19: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The New Middle Class• Merchants, inventors, or skilled
artisans• “Rags to Riches”• Nice home, dressed and ate well• Political involvement• Servants• “Get ahead” attitude that was not
sympathetic to the poor
![Page 20: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Thomas Malthus• “Essay on the Principle of
Population”• Population increasing faster than
food supply• Only checks on population growth are war, disease, and famine.
![Page 21: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Laissez-Faire Economics• Government should not
interfere with the free operation of the economy• “Hands off approach”
![Page 22: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Utilitarians• “The greatest happiness for the
greatest number” of citizens• Laws or actions judged by their
“utility”• Individual freedoms• Government intervention in
some instances
![Page 23: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Socialism• The people as a whole would
own and run the “means of production,” not private individuals• Condemned the evils of
industrial capitalism
![Page 24: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Utopia
•No difference between rich and poor• Self-sufficient
communities• Fighting would end
![Page 25: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Karl Marx• Scientific Socialism• Condemned the idea of Utopia• “The Communist Manifesto” –
economics the driving force in history• “the history of class struggles”
between “haves” and “have-nots”
![Page 26: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Spread of the Industrial Revolution
Britain…..Belgium…..Germany…..France…..United States….Japan…..Canada…..Australia…..New Zealand…..
![Page 27: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Results• Not all countries had
necessary resources• Social changes• Fierce competition• “Shrinking of the World”• Pollution
![Page 28: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
New Methods of Production
• Interchangeable parts•Assembly line
![Page 29: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Technology• Steel:–Henry Bessemer – purified iron
ore–Lighter, harder, more durable
than iron–Produced cheaply
![Page 30: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
•Chemicals–Medicine–First artificial food
(margarine)–Perfume–Soap!!–Dynamite
![Page 31: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
•Electricity–Electric light bulb–Batteries–Cables to carry electicity–Power transformers–AC Current
![Page 32: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
More…..• Transportation:–Internal combustion engine–Cars & gasoline–Airplanes
• Communication:–Telegraph–Telephone–Radio
![Page 33: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
BIG Business• Lots of money needed!!• Corporations – business owned by
many investors• Monopolies – Companies that
controlled all aspects of industry or areas of the economy• Cartel – An association to fix prices, set
production quotas, or divide a market
![Page 34: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Need for Regulation?
Captains of Industry Or
Robber Barons?
![Page 35: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Life during the Industrial Revolution
• Medicine:–Germ discovery–Vaccines–Pasteurization–Insects can
cause illness
–Anesthesia–Sterilization–Sanitation–Antiseptics
![Page 36: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cities• Increasing
population• Slums• Tenements• More wealth• Shopping areas• Trolley lines• Suburbia
• Sidewalks• Paved streets• Electric street
lights• Sewers• Clean water• Skyscrapers
![Page 37: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Working-ClassProblems:• Low wages• Long hours• Unsafe
conditions• Threat of
unemployment• Child labor
Solutions:• Right to vote• Organized Unions• Bargaining• Laws regulating
conditions, hours, child labor
![Page 38: 1750 Agricultural Society – Simple life and homes – Food grown for consumption – Clothes made by hand – Simple tools](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8c1a28abf838c8b6da/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Changing Attitudes & Values
• Social Order• Middle Class• Rights for Women–Suffrage: The right to vote
• Public Education – late 1800’s• Higher Education