174the battles of world war i isn pg 174 title: the battles of world war i preview: –what is...
TRANSCRIPT
ISN pg 174174 title: The Battles of The Battles of World War IWorld War I
Preview:–What is Militarism? How did it
lead to WWI?–Who were the members of the
Triple Alliance?–Who were the members of the
Triple Entente?–How did the Industrial
Revolution lead to WWI?
The War to End The War to End All WarsAll Wars
The Battles of the Great War
The Powder Keg in the BalkansBy 1914, Europe was in bad
situation: countries had large armies & felt glory could be gained by winning war (militarism), were competitive after years of imperialism & rise of nationalism, had large alliances that might pull all countries into war
After years of fighting for new territory, great tension in Balkans
On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated
The War BeginsOn July 23, Austria-Hungary
issued an ultimatumultimatum to Serbia: –Either allow Austria-Hungarian
officials to investigate the assassination …OROR…
–Go to warOn July 28,1914 Serbia declined
the ultimatum & Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
World War 1 BeginsAustria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
& its ally Russia
On July 28,1914, Serbia declined the ultimatum
On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war
on Russia
On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war
on France
Italy backed out of its agreement with Germany &
Austria-Hungary…
…and joined the Allies
On August 4, 1914, England declared war on Germany &
Austria-Hungary
Recruits of the Central Powers
Recruits of the Central Powers
Austro-HungariansAustro-HungariansAustro-HungariansAustro-Hungarians
A German soldier A German soldier says bye to his says bye to his
mothermother
A German soldier A German soldier says bye to his says bye to his
mothermother
New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
Schlieffen PlanProblem: Germany had enemies on
both west & east bordersSolution:
Germany could defeat France quickly before Russia could
enter war; Then fight
Russia
The Schlieffen
Plan
The Schlieffen
Plan
France anticipated a
German attack & built up defenses between France
& Germany
But…the Germans went
AROUND these defenses &
attacked through Belgium
Battle of the Marne & Battle of TannenbergThe Schlieffen Plan seemed to
be working as the German army had early wins & seemed
ready to take Paris
But, English & French saved Paris at the Battle of the Marne
Meanwhile, Russia mobilized faster than expected, so Germany had to divert troops
from France to fight the Russia army
Because France was not taken quickly & Russia got ready too fast, Germany had to abandon the
Schlieffen Plan & fight a 2-front war
Total WarWorld War 1 became the 1st war
to use total wartotal war tactics–Governments committed all their
nation’s resources & took over industry to win the war
–Soldiers were drafted, the media was censored, propaganda was created to support the war
–The enemy became the other nation, not just its soldiers
Total WarNew weapons were introduced:
Machine guns, tanks, airplanes, flame throwers, poison gas, blimps, heavy artillery, submarines (u-boats)
To protect themselves from the enemy, both the Allies & Central Powers built trenches
Realities of War Video
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
U-BoatsU-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-BoatsAllied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The AirplaneThe Airplane
““Squadron Over the Brenta”Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917Max Edler von Poosch, 1917““Squadron Over the Brenta”Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.
These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.
Would you have “gone over the top”?
“No Man’s Land”
Total WarTrench warfare made it difficult for
either side to win a victoryWorld War I became a war of
attrition in which both the Allies & the Central Powers tried to out-last & wear down the enemy
Factories on the homefrontCurtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft PlantCurtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft PlantFrench Women Factory Workers French Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers
Recruitment Posters
Recruitment Posters
Anti-German PropagandaAnti-German Propaganda
A. The Western Front
A. The Western Front
B. The Eastern FrontSite of main fighting along the German-Russian border • Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to retreat• Battle of Tannenberg (1914) Russia suffers a disastrous defeat to Germany.• Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many
casualties, few supplies• Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable
force for a time- prevents Germany from sending more troops to
the Western Front • In 1918, Russia leaves WWI due to revolution at home
C. The Middle East Front
The Great War was a “world war”
Canada, Australia, & New Zealand supported Britain
France & Germany used African troops
England used Indian troops
Japan joined to take German colonies in
South East Asia
Ottomans allied with Germany
Turkish CavalryTurkish CavalrySikh British Soldiers in IndiaSikh British Soldiers in IndiaChinese Soldiers Chinese Soldiers