17349_13759_history of world cinema (1)
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History of World Cinema
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Watching Movies
Attention
Concentration Observation
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THE PURPOSE OF MOVIE
to inform to influence
to inspire
to entertain
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Three Ways to Look at
Film History
Technology
Art Business
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Inventors
Early film is a
result of
inventors,
not artists.
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Toy Makers
Toy makers used this theory to create
hand held machines that were the basis of
film development.
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Zoetrope
Circular drum
with slits.
allows moments
of darkness. creates illusion
of movement.
1834 by William
Horner.
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Experimentation
Was going on inmany countries
at the same time.
France,Germany,
England, and the
U.S. all claim to
have inventedthe movies.
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PhotographyHad to have photography
before motion pictures
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Important Dates
1816 - Nicephore
Niepce made first
photographic images.
1839 - Louis Daguerre
created clear, sharpimages on silver
copperplate.
Required 15
minutes exposuretime.
1841 - Only 3 minutes
needed for exposure.Daguerre Self-portrait
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Eadweard J. Muybridge (9 April
1830 8 May 1904) was
an English photographer who
spent much of his life in the United
States. He is known primarily forhis important pioneering work on
animal locomotion, with use of
multiple cameras to
capture motion, and
his zoopraxiscope, a device for
projecting motion pictures thatpre-dated the flexible perforated
film strip that is used today
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In 1877, under the sponsorship of Leland Stanford, Eadweard
Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named "Sallie
Gardner" in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras.
The experiment took place on June 11 at the Palo Alto farm in
California with the press present. The purpose of the exercise was to
determine whether a running horse ever had all four legs lifted offthe ground at once. The cameras were arranged along a track
parallel to the horse's, and each of the camera shutters was
controlled by a trip wire which was triggered by the horse's hooves.
They were 21 inches apart to cover the 20 feet taken by the horse
stride, taking pictures at one thousandth of a second.
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ge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muybridge_race_horse_animated.gif -
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Etienne-Jules Marey
1882
Invents
photographic gun.
Lens in the muzzle,paper in the
chamber.
Pull trigger andhave 12 rapid
exposures.
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George Eastman
1884
Developed
celluloid film.
Originally createdfor the still camera,
it made motion
pictures possible.
Flexible and allows
light to pass
through.Eastman and Edison make movies
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The second experimental
film, Roundhay Garden
Scene, filmed by Louis Le
Prince on October 14, 1888
in Roundhay, Leeds, WestYorkshire,England, UK is
now known as the earliest
surviving motion picture
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Early Invention- Thomas Edison
1889- Thomas Alva Edison builds the firstmotion-picture camera and names it the
Kinetoscope.
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1894- The Edison Corporation establishes the first
motion-picture studio
nicknamed the Black Maria.
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The Black Maria
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These are a few of the
contributions from
America. The historynow goes back to
Europe.
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Projection
Projection was a difficultproblem to solve. Its roots
go back as far as 1646.
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Magic Lantern
1646 Father
AthanasiusKircher made
drawings of a boxthat couldreproduce animage through a
lens. Ancestor of
present day slideprojector.
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The magic lantern has a concave mirror behind a
light source that gathers light and projects it
through a slide with an image painted onto it. The
light rays cross an aperture (which is an opening atthe front of the apparatus), and hits a lens. The
lens throws an enlarged picture of the original
image from the slide onto a screen
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18th Century
Showmen travel
across Europe
showing magic
lantern shows. Used drawn images
in the beginning.
Eventually usedphotographs.
Phantasmagoria
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19th Century
Photo plays drew viewers to a story just as film
does today.
Combination of magic lantern shows, live actors,
and photography.
Some lasted up to 2 hours and told
melodramatic stories.
Proved the potential of projected film.
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Projection Problems
Projector needs apowerful light
source to make
images clear.
Film has to run
smoothly past
this light source
without tearing.
Vitascope Projector
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Lumiere Brothers
1894
Tinker with
Edisons
Kinetoscope. Designed their
own machine
within a year.
Auguste and Louis
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1895- In France, Auguste
and Louis Lumire hold the
first private screening. The
Lumire brothers invent the
Cinmatograph, acombination of camera and
projector. They are
considered to be the worlds
first film directors.
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December 28, 1895
First theater opensto the paying
public.
Basement of a
Paris caf.
Lumieres show:
Workers leaving
the Lumiere
Factory.
Arrival at Lyon.
A Babys Meal.
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A Trip to the Moon
France, 1902- the
screen's firstscience
fiction story was a
created by Frenchdirector and magician
Georges Melies
(1861-1938) in this
version of the JulesVerne story.