17.2 kidneys
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17.2 Kidneys. By Yoon Kim and Allen Shin. Introduction. Urinary System removes certain slats and nitrogenous wastes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
17.2 Kidneys
By Yoon Kim and Allen Shin
IntroductionUrinary System removes certain slats and
nitrogenous wastesHelps maintain the normal concentrations of
water and electrolyses within body fluids, regulates pH and volume of body fluids, and help control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Pair of kidneys – remove substance from bloodPair of tubular ureters- transport urine from
kidneyTubular urethra- conveys urine to the outside of
the body
Kidneys Kidney is a reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ Kidneys are located on either side of the
vertebral column and are positioned retroperitoneally (behind parietal peritoneum)
Connective tissues and adipose tissues surround the kidneys to hold them in position
Structure of the kidneys Medial depression caused by the lateral and
medial surface of the kidneys creates a depression into hollow chamber called renal sinus
Inside the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped sac expands from the end of the ureter.
Functions of the Kidneys
Secretes hormone erythropoietin to help control the rate of red blood cell production
Activates vitamin D Helps maintain blood volume and blood
pressure by secreting the enzyme renin
Renal Blood Vessels Renal arteries : Supply blood to the kidneys Afferent arterioles : the final branches of
the interlobular arteries; lead to the nephrons Renal Vein: joins the inferior vena cava as it
courses through the abdominal cavity
Nephrons Kidney contains 1 million nephrons Nephrons consists of renal corpuscle and
renal tubuleFluid flows through renal tubules out of the
body
Nephrons Renal corpuscle is composed of glomerulus
blood capillaries.Glomerulus capillaries filter fluidsThin walled, saclike structure called
glomerular capsule surrounds the glomerulus
Nephron Blood SupplyAfter passing through the glomerular
capillaries, blood enters efferent arterioleEfferent arteriole resists blood flow which then
backs up blood into the glomerulus Peritubular capillary system surrounds the
renal tubule
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Juxtaglomerular cells: smooth muscle cells attached to the walls of arterioles near glomerulus
Juxtaglomerular apparatus: fuction in the control of renin secretion
Review Questions
Review Questions1. Kidneys activates vitamin ____2. __________: Supply blood to the kidneys3. _______________: the final branches of the
interlobular arteries; lead to the nephrons4. ________: joins the inferior vena cava as it
courses through the abdominal cavity5. ________ capillaries filter fluids