17 rules, regulations and certification
TRANSCRIPT
What certifying bodiesdo exist and what dothey stand for? Learnwhat is applicable for usand how to find your wayin the overwhelmingvariety of rules,regulations, certificateslegislation etc.
What certifying bodiesdo exist and what dothey stand for? Learnwhat is applicable for usand how to find your wayin the overwhelmingvariety of rules,regulations, certificateslegislation etc.
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17 Rules, Regulations and Certification
Module Summary
– Applicability, all countries are different– What type of rules do we have?– Contracts– Outline of standards (Norsok)– Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (1)– Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (2)– Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (3)– Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (4)– Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (5)– Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (6)– When working with barges or vessels from safety
perspective– Singapore, Ministry Of Manpower and WSH– LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998) (1)– LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998) (2)– LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998) (3)– What is a 'competent person'?
– Specific requirements applicable to floatingequipment
– ISO 12480-1 Cranes safe use part 1– Associations– ASME; The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. (1)– ASME; The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. (2)– IACS; the International Association of Classification
Societies– The Role of the Marine Warranty Surveyor (MWS)– Guidelines for offshore marine operations (G-
OMO)– The International Association of Oil & Gas
Producers (IOGP)– Document hierarchy– LSD or LRFD and WSD or ASD– Load and Resistance Factor Design– How to deal with the variety of regulations?
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Applicability, all countries are different
We move from less regulations to more responsibility for both employers & employees for the company workingconditions policy.è the industry took and must continue taking initiatives to setup industry standards.
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What type of rules do we have?
Legislation National or International law that must be followed.Legislation sometimes refers to norms.In the Netherlands an important, unwritten law principle exists which says that all Dutchpeople are expected to know the law. In practice, the means that people must knowthe spirit on which the rule of law is founded.
Norms, Standards,Codes
To provide one means to conform with the essential health and safety requirements,protection of the environment, protection of assets.Legislation can refer to norms such that they become part of legislation.
Guidelines Document that gives guidance on:Organization, Design methods, Safety factors, Operational Criteria,…Often used by surveying companies
Contract Agreement between 2 or more parties. Can not overrule Legislation!Company Rules Internal company rules. Can be part of contract.EquipmentSpecifications
For example, crane curves, sling certificates, etc
Best Practice /Handbooks
Document explaining how things are “normally” done in the industry.
Legislation and standards USA
The Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) is part of theUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OFLABOR
OSHA requirements are set by statute, standardsand regulation. These industry norms andstandards then become part of legislation. Inthose situations, these norms become mandatory.For example:ASME B30.5-2004: Mobile and Locomotive Cranesis in the USA a “Legally Binding Document”.
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European Directives set out minimum requirements and fundamentalprinciples.
A directive is a legal act provided for in the EU Treaty. European directives set out the minimum standardsfor safety and health in the workplace. The EU directives are implemented through the nationallegislation of Member States.Directive 2009/104/EC – use of work equipmentThe employer shall ensure that every lifting operation involving lifting equipment/accessories is properlyplanned by a competent person, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner. To ensurethis, he should:• nominate a competent person who is suitably trained and experienced to ensure safe lifting
operations,• provide adequate resources to enable lifting operations to be carried out safely,• ensure that all appointees i.e. supervisors, crane operators and operatives with duties under this
procedure are properly trained, licensed, competent and aware of those duties and• confirm by regular monitoring that lifting procedures are being properly implemented.
ISO 12480 (the International Organization for Standardization) provides a veryuseful Standard to help employers to understand and comply with this legalrequirement. This standard is however not legislation.Europe Guidelines are non-binding documents which aim to facilitate theimplementation of European directives.
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Legislation and standards EU
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Contracts
Introduction …
Scope What needs to be done.
Terms and conditions Technical• How is it to be done.• Norms, Standards and Codes to be used including their Rev. N°• Internal company rules to be used.• Parameters for doing the work (environmental conditions)• Schedule• LocationCommercial• Payments when/how currency.• Penalties.• Bank guaranties.
Price $$$
… …
Conflict between the documents is not unusual.The laws and regulations shall prevail.Within the contract, the order of priority of the documents can be set as follows:1. Authority requirements and regulations2. Design Basis3. Company Requirements4. Frame agreements5. Standards, (National and International)6. Company Guidelines7. FEED Documents and Drawings.
(Normally the latest revision to be used unless specified otherwise)
“Sometimes doing your best is not good enough. Sometimes you must do what is required.”Winston S. Churchill
In other words:Check what is required before you start a job and do not defend yourself behind the rules
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Document hierarchy
1. Scope2. Normative references3. Terms and definitions
Mayverbal form used to indicate a course of action permissible within thelimits of this NORSOK standard .
Shallverbal form used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in orderto conform to this NORSOK standard and from which no deviation ispermitted, unless accepted by all involved parties.
Shouldverbal form used to indicate that among several possibilities one isrecommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excludingothers, or that a certain course of action is preferred, but not necessarily
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Outline of standards (Norsok)
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Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (1)
Country Standard RemarkAustralia AS Australian Standard Non-government, not-for-profit Standards
organization.Not free
WSH Work Health and Safety laws Legislation, Safe Work AustraliaUSA OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health
Administration)Federal agency charged with theenforcement of safety and health legislation.OSHA regulations are law.
ANSI (American National Standards) non-profit organization dedicated topromoting “voluntary consensus standards.”Not free
CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Arrangement of rules published by theexecutive departments and agencies of theFederal Government
ASME (American Society of MechanicalEngineers)
not-for-profit membership organization.Include; Distributors, General Interest(Consultants), Insurance, Operators, Trainersand Users of Lifting EquipmentNot free
API RP (American Petroleum InstituteRecommended Practice)
national trade association.Not free
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Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (2)
Country Standard RemarkCanada CCOSH (Canadian Centre for
Occupational Health andSafety)
Not free
UK LOLER (Lifting Operations andLifting EquipmentRegulations)
LOLER is legislation and must be adhered to withinits jurisdiction.Applies to all:• All Locations covered by the Health and Safety at
Work Act• Offshore installations within UK territorial
waters and the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS)• Any employer whose personnel are employed to
use lifting equipment• Self-employed personnel using own or other
company's lifting equipment• Merchant ships (apart from loading, unloading,
repair works)BS (British standards) Issued by BSI is the business standards company
Not free
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Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (3)
Country Standard RemarkUK PUWER (Provision and Use of
Work EquipmentRegulations)
Legislation. PUWER requires that equipment is:• suitable for the intended use• safe for use, maintained in a safe condition
and inspected to ensure it is correctlyinstalled and does not subsequentlydeteriorate
• used only by people who have receivedadequate information, instruction andtraining
• accompanied by suitable health and safetymeasures, such as protective devices andcontrols. These will normally includeemergency stop devices, adequate meansof isolation from sources of energy, clearlyvisible markings and warning devices
• used in accordance with specificrequirements, for mobile work equipmentand power presses
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Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (4)
Country Standard RemarkGermany DIN (Deutsches Institut für
Normung)Anyone can use DIN Standards, and their use isvoluntary. They only become mandatory if they arereferred to in contracts, laws or regulations.
Europe CEN (European Committee forStandardization)
European Standardization Organizations officiallyrecognized by the European Union for developingand defining voluntary standards at European level.Not free
EN (European Norm) Norms ratified by CENNot free
FEM (Federation Europeenne dela Manutention)
drafting recommendations which could be used asprenormative documents for the development ofEN’s. Parties involved: - manufacturers; - designers;- users; - public authoritiesNot free
TheNetherlands
NEN (normalisatie en normen)
Arbeidsomstandighedenwet legislation
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Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (6)
Country Standard RemarkWorld LAME Code for Lifting Appliances
in a Marine EnvironmentDesign
DNVGL Lifting Appliances - Rulesand standards - DNV GL
Design
IMO International MaritimeOrganization
For transports on barges and ships
ISO International Organizationfor Standardization
Also about organizing the job. See:ISO 12480-1 Cranes safe use part (Not free)
UNITED NATIONS Recommendations on harmonized Europe-widetechnical requirements for inland navigationvessels. (also Floating equipment)
ISO
Member bodies
Correspondent members
Subscriber members
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Which rules are relevant or useful for us? (5)
Country Standard RemarkWorld ILO International Labour
OrganizationPromoting and supporting the implementation ofinternational labour standards. Shipbuilding Ports.ILO is a specialized agency of the United Nations
Treaties from SOLAS are adopted by the national shipping inspectorates and transferred tolegislation.Why important for us.• Maximum draft• Initial stability (GM)• Stability range• The Cargo Securing Manual (CSM) is a legal document obligatory to have on board
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When working with barges or vessels from safety perspective
174 Members (Countries)SOLAS(Safety of Life at Sea):most important of all internationaltreaties concerning the safety ofmerchant ships. (since 1914)
MARPOL(International Convention for thePrevention of Pollution From Ships)
– You need to engage an Authorised Examinerto inspect your Lifting Equipment.
– Your Lifting Equipment must be examined atregular intervals by an Authorised Examiner
WORKPLACE SAFETY ANDHEALTH (OPERATION OFCRANES) REGULATIONS 2011 (Is Legislation)– Lifting plan4.—(1) Where any lifting
operation involving the use of any crane iscarried out in a workplace by a craneoperator, it shall be the duty of theresponsible person to establish andimplement a lifting plan which shall be inaccordance with the generally acceptedprinciples of safe and sound practice.
– 17.—(1) It shall be the duty ofthe responsible person to appoint a liftingsupervisor before any lifting operationinvolving the use of any crane is carried outin a workplace.
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Singapore, Ministry Of Manpower and WSH
These Regulations (often abbreviated to LOLER) place duties on people andcompanies who own, operate or have control over lifting equipment.
What you should do
If your business or organisation undertakes lifting operations or is involved inproviding lifting equipment for others to use, you must manage and control the risksto avoid any injury or damage.
You must:
• plan them properly
• using people who are sufficiently competent
• supervise them appropriately
• to ensure that they are carried out in a safe manner
What you should know
LOLER is supported by the Safe use of lifting equipment: Approved Code ofPractice (ACOP) and additional free guidance from HSE.
While the ACOP is not law, this has been produced under section 16 of the Health andSafety at Work Act (HSW Act) and has a special status
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LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998) (1)
LOLER consist out of various regulations. While all to be taken in consideration, wehighlight regulation 4 and 8
2. Interpretation
3. Application
4. Strength and stability
5. Lifting equipment for lifting persons
6. Positioning and installation
7. Marking of lifting equipment
8. Organisation of lifting operations
9. Thorough examination and inspection
10. Reports and defects
11. Keeping of information
12. …
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LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998) (2)
4 Strength and stabilityEvery employer shall ensure that—a) lifting equipment is of adequate strength and
stability for each load, having regard inparticular to the stress induced at its mountingor fixing point;
b) every part of a load and anything attached toit and used in lifting it is of adequate strength.
8 Organisation of lifting operationsEvery employer shall ensure that every liftingoperation involving lifting equipment is:a) properly planned by a competent person;b) appropriately supervised; andc) carried out in a safe manner.
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LOLER (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998) (3)
The term 'competent person' is not defined in law.LOLER Approved Code of Practice and guidance
'You should ensure that the person carrying out a thorough examination has such appropriatepractical and theoretical knowledge and experience of the lifting equipment to be thoroughlyexamined as will enable them to detect defects or weaknesses and to assess their importancein relation to the safety and continued use of the lifting equipment.‘UK HSE GuidanceA competent person is not someone who simply has the competence to carry out a particulartask safely. In general terms, the definition of a competent person is someone who has thenecessary skills, experience and knowledge to manage health and safety.OSHA
"competent person" is defined as "one who is capable of identifying existing and predictablehazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, ordangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures toeliminate them”. By way of training and/or experience, a competent person is knowledgeableof applicable standards, is capable of identifying workplace hazards relating to the specificoperation, and has the authority to correct them.
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What is a 'competent person'?
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) was set up in 1947by ECOSOC (united nations economic and social council) which is one of five regionalcommissions of the United Nations.Resolution ECE /TRANS/SC.3/172/Rev.1/Amend.2 gives information regarding workingwith FLOATING EQUIPMENT AT INLAND WATERS on which persons are present duringoperation shall have sufficient stability.The Netherlands have adopted this resolution as legislation.See: “Reglement onderzoek schepen op de Rijn 1995”http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0025973/2016-12-20, chapter 17Regarding stability the following is applicable,• Lowest freeboard > 0.3m• Sum of heel plus trim < 10 deg• Openings that are < 0.4 m from the water level shall be wheathertight. Openings
shall always be > 0.3 m from the water level.
Hereby the all loads and moments to be taken into account. Wind pressure; turningwhilst under way , current, deck loads, free surfaces, inertia forces etcA reduced residual freeboard of 0.05m is under special conditions allowed. To applyfor this additional stability calculations are to be submitted.For details see:
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2013/sc3wp3/ECE-TRANS-SC3-172-Rev1-Amend2e.pdf
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Specific requirements applicable to floating equipment
Artikel 7.18. Hijs- en hefwerktuigen1. Een hijs- of hefwerktuig is op of nabij de bedieningsplaats voorzien van een goed leesbare aanduiding, die voor elke
gebruikelijke configuratie van dat werktuig de toegelaten bedrijfslast vermeldt.2. Een hijs- of hefwerktuig wordt, behalve ten behoeve van beproeving, niet zwaarder belast dan de toegelaten
bedrijfslast of bedrijfslasten noch zwaarder dan een veilig gebruik toelaat.3. Hijs- en hefwerktuigen worden bediend door personen die daartoe een specifieke deskundigheid bezitten.4. Met een hijs- of hefwerktuig dat uitsluitend is bestemd en ingericht voor het vervoer van goederen, worden in de plaats
van of tezamen met goederen geen personen vervoerd.5. Een hijs- of hefwerktuig dat niet is bestemd of ingericht voor het hijsen of heffen van personen en waarbij de kans
aanwezig is op foutief gebruik, wordt voorzien van een goed leesbare waarschuwing tegen personenvervoer.6. Hijs- en hefwerktuigen worden zodanig opgesteld dat het gevaar wordt beperkt dat de lasten de werknemers raken, dan
wel ongewild op gevaarlijke wijze uit hun baan of in een vrije val raken of losraken.7. Doeltreffende maatregelen worden genomen om ervoor te zorgen dat werknemers zich niet ophouden onder
hangende lasten.8. Hangende lasten worden niet verplaatst boven niet beschermde werkplekken waar zich in de regel werknemers
bevinden.9. Indien bij toepassing van de leden zeven en acht het goede verloop van de werkzaamheden niet kan worden
gegarandeerd, worden passende procedures vastgesteld en toegepast om de veiligheid van de betrokken werknemerste waarborgen.
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Legislation for lifting in the Netherlands (1).
Arbeidsomstandighedenbesluit § 2a
https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0008498/2020-01-01#Hoofdstuk7_Afdeling4_Paragraaf2a
Artikel 7.18b. Hijs- en hefwerktuigen voor personen1. In aanvulling op de artikelen 7.18 en 7.18a zijn hijs- en hefwerktuigen die zijn bestemd en ingericht voor het hijsen of
heffen van personen, met zodanige voorzieningen uitgerust dat zoveel mogelijk wordt voorkomen dat:a. het hijs- of hefplatform voor personen naar beneden valt,b. personen van dit platform vallen,c. een persoon die van het hijs- of hefwerktuig gebruik maakt wordt verpletterd, beklemd raakt of wordt aangestoten,
in het bijzonder als gevolg van een onopzettelijk contact met een voorwerp.2. Een hijs- of hefwerktuig als bedoeld in het eerste lid, heeft voorts een zodanige voorziening, dat bij een mankement aan
het werktuig de veiligheid van personen die zich op het hijs- of hefplatform voor personen bevinden, zoveel mogelijk isgewaarborgd en dat hun bevrijding mogelijk is.
3. Indien het gevaar, bedoeld in het eerste lid, onder a, om redenen in verband met de terreinomstandigheden en hethoogteverschil niet met behulp van een veiligheidsvoorziening kan worden vermeden, is in de ophanging van het hijs- ofhefplatform een geschikte kabel, ketting of een andere voorziening met een verhoogde veiligheidscoëfficiënt toegepast.
Artikel 7.20. Hijs- en hefgereedschap1. Hijs- en hefgereedschap wordt gekozen op grond van te hanteren lasten, de aanslagpunten, de haakvoorziening en de
weersomstandigheden, daarbij rekening houdend met de wijze van aanslaan van de last en het te gebruiken hijs- ofhefwerktuig.
5. Hijs- en hefgereedschap wordt zodanig opgeslagen dat het niet kan worden beschadigd of aangetast.6. Hijs- en hefgereedschap wordt ten minste eenmaal per jaar door een deskundige natuurlijke persoon, rechtspersoon of
instelling op zijn goede staat onderzocht waarbij het zo nodig wordt beproefd. Deze persoon of instelling beschikt overde daarvoor benodigde uitrusting.
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Legislation for lifting in the Netherlands (2) .
ISO 12480-1 Cranes safe use part 1
This standard focuses on the safe use of cranes,including safe systems of work, management,planning, selection, erection and dismantling,operation and maintenance of cranes and theselection of drivers, slingers and signallers.The Key players involved are:• appointed person
• Crane driver
• Slinger
• Signaller
• Crane erector
• Maintenance personnel
The appointed person is overall responsible for:Planning,selection and use of equipment,erection,procedures,people involvedetc.
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Group of people who work together in a single organizationor industry for a particular purpose. Share the same interestand recognize each other.LEEA; The Lifting Equipment Engineers Association is established
across the globe as the leading representative body for allthose involved in the lifting industry worldwide.
OPITO; Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organisation.Established to focus on the upstream industry.
IMCA; International Marine Contractors Association – aims toimprove performance in the marine contracting industryworldwide. Members are offshore, marine and underwaterengineering contractors and their partners in the offshore oil,gas and renewable energy industries.(IMCA M 187 Guidelines for Lifting Operations.)
ASME; The American Society of Mechanical Engineers "promotesthe art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineeringand allied sciences around the globe" via "continuingeducation, training and professional development, codes andstandards, research, conferences and publications,government relations, and other forms of outreach.” (ASMEP30-1 2014 Planning for Load Handling Activities)
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Associations
Content of ASME P30-1 2014 Planning for Load Handling Activities
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ASME; The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (1)
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ASME; The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (2)
Load HandlingActivity
Considerations
a. Potential Hazards to Personsb. Hazards in Proximity to the Work Areac. Complexity of Load Handling Activityd. Adverse Impact from Environmental Conditionse. LHE and Rigging Capacity and/or Performancef. Adverse Commercial Impactg. Site Requirements Unique to the Load Handling Activityh. Repetitive Lifts
CategorizeLoad Handling
Activity
Does not require writtenplan.
Standard Lift Plan• the load handling
activity can beaccomplished throughstandard procedures,and that the loadhandling activitypersonnel can executeusing common methods,materials andequipment.
• Does not require writtenplan.
Critical Lift Plan• the load handling
activity exceedsstandard lift plancriteria and requiresadditional planning,procedures or methodsto mitigate the greaterrisk.
• Requires a writtenplan.Standard lift
Loading containersCritical Lift
Erection of column
All started with insurance companies who wanted to givemerchants and underwriters recorded information on the qualityof their vessels. The Register Book.• Lloyd's register• China Classification Society• Croatian register of shipping• Det Norske Veritas (DNV)• Germanischer Lloyd's• American Bureau of Shipping• RINA• Bureau Veritas• Nippon Kaiji Kyokai• Hellenic register• Polski register• Russian register• Indian Register of shipping• Korean Register of Shipping
Nowadays, we see more and more that functions from theshipping inspectorates are transferred to the ClassificationSocietiesWhy important for us.• Global strength• Stability.
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IACS; the International Association of Classification Societies
The marine warranty survey (MWS) evaluates whether a marine operation can be accepted for thepurposes of insurance. Documentation shall be prepared to prove that all relevant design andoperational requirements are fulfilled. Typical output documentation is: Typically, the MWS can beinvolved in all phases of the work.
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The Role of the Marine Warranty Surveyor (MWS)
Project documents
SpecificationsSpecifications
Base of designBase of design
OrganogramOrganogram
- Procedures- Manuals- Method statements
Weight determinationWeight determination
Loading dischargeLoading discharge
Marine transportMarine transport
Installation operationsInstallation operations
On site survey
Weighing equipments inspection.Weighing equipments inspection.
Lifting equipment insp.Lifting equipment insp.
Lashing and seafastening insp.Lashing and seafastening insp.
Trailer, SPMT’s, jacks, crane insp.Trailer, SPMT’s, jacks, crane insp.
Vessel, barge, floating crane insp.Vessel, barge, floating crane insp.
Sail away insp.Sail away insp.
Installation tools insp.Installation tools insp.
Mainly describes how to do the work, not how to engineer the work.Purpose & Use The objective of this document is to provide guidance in the best practices which shouldbe adopted to ensure the safety of personnel on board all vessels servicing and supporting offshorefacilities, and to reduce the risks associated with such operations. It particularly relates to the followingactivities:1. Operations of offshore facilities.2. Operations of vessels
http://ims.craig-group.com/documents/uploads/reference-documents/GOMO.pdf
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Guidelines for offshore marine operations (G-OMO)
Association with 77 Members related to upstream anddownstream.
Regulators’ use of standardsFree!IOGP Report 426
National regulators documents from regulators in fourteencountries, Australia, Brazil, CanadaChina, Denmark, India, Italy, The Netherlands, New Zealand,Norway, Russia, Thailand, United Kingdom and United Stateshave been examined for referencesto standards. In addition IMO rules and EU directives andtheir associated standards have beenreviewed in brief.
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The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP)
http://www.iogp.org/bookstore/product/regulators-use-of-standards/
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Incoterms (contract)
https://www.ferfreight.com/
LSD: Limit States DesignLRFD: Load and Resistance Factor DesignWSD: Working Stress DesignASD: Allowable Stress Design
WSD and ASD are seen as the older, simpler approach while LSD and LRFD are the newer methods.LSD/LRFD applies factors to the loadings while WSD/ASD applies a safety factor to the yield stress. Inother words:
LRFD: loads * (safety) factor gives stresses < yield stressWSD/ ASD: stress < yield stress * (safety) factor
ASD: Allowable Stress Design
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)
– Tension: stension =< 0.60 * syield– Shear: t =< 0.40 * syield– Compression: scompression =< 0.60 * syield– Bending : sbending =< 0.66 * syield– Bearing: sbearing =< 0.90 * syield
ASCE/SEI standards no longer permit the one-third stress increase in allowable stress design
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LSD or LRFD and WSD or ASD
Also known as Limit state design (LSD).The factors and the formulae may slightly differfrom code to code.According DNVGL we have in LRFD:– ULS = ultimate limit states– FLS = fatigue limit states– ALS = accidental limit states– SLS = serviceability limit states.In LRFD case “a” and “b” are both to be checked.
In addition, a material factor (γM) is to beconsidered
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Load and Resistance Factor Design
Load factors γ f for ULSCombination ofdesign loads
Load categoriesG Q E D
a) 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0b) 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0Load categories are:G = permanent loadQ = variable functional loadE = environmental loadD = deformation load
Drawback when using LRFD:ULS-a can not be used for ships. The increasedgravity results to an increased draft.A solution can be to calculate normal stresses foreach load case and then apply the factors to thestresses before combining them to von Misesstresses. This may however give results difficult tounderstand.
IMPORTANTFactoring loads ≠ factoring stresses!Stresses may never be vectorized!!!Use von Mises formulae to combine stresses
How to deal with the variety of regulations?
Since regulations andstandards are notworldwide harmonized,code verification issometimes to be doneagainst variousstandards andregulations.This is an example takenfrom the Moduliftwebsite.
Each Modulift Spreader Beam series has been proven by being Proof LoadTested in the Modulift compression test rig and all products have beendesigned in accordance with the standards listed below:USA Compliance• ASME B30.20 - 2013: For Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.• ASME BTH-1 2014: Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.UK & Europe Compliance• BS EN 13155: 2003+A2:2009: Cranes – Safety – Non-fixed load lifting
attachments• DNV Standard for Certification No. 2.22 Lifting Appliances 2011• Mod 6 up to Mod 800/1000 Type Approved by DNV• LOLER: 1998 (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations)• PUWER: 1998 (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations)• EC Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC• BS EN 1993-1: 2005: Eurocode 3Australia Compliance• AS 4991 - 2004: Lifting Devices.Worldwide Compliance• ISO 17096 – 2015: Cranes, Safety, Load Lifting Attachments.
Each Modulift Spreader Beam series has been proven by being Proof LoadTested in the Modulift compression test rig and all products have beendesigned in accordance with the standards listed below:USA Compliance• ASME B30.20 - 2013: For Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.• ASME BTH-1 2014: Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.UK & Europe Compliance• BS EN 13155: 2003+A2:2009: Cranes – Safety – Non-fixed load lifting
attachments• DNV Standard for Certification No. 2.22 Lifting Appliances 2011• Mod 6 up to Mod 800/1000 Type Approved by DNV• LOLER: 1998 (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations)• PUWER: 1998 (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations)• EC Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC• BS EN 1993-1: 2005: Eurocode 3Australia Compliance• AS 4991 - 2004: Lifting Devices.Worldwide Compliance• ISO 17096 – 2015: Cranes, Safety, Load Lifting Attachments.
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