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Italy:Birthplace of the Renaissance
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Renaissance
• Renaissance’ means rebirth new period of learning and creativity
• 1300-1600
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Northern Italy
• Largely considered where the Renaissance began
• Lots of good ol $$$$• Trade helped fuel “R”• Increased trade more get wealthy• Increased trade more want luxury goods
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It was primarily the northern Italian city-states that dominated the Italian Renaissance. The central and southern cities remained backwards.
• Note that each city-state, was independent of the others. Also, they controlled the surrounding region.
• They would sometimes go to war with each other.
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Florence is the city-state in which the Renaissance was most prominent.
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Florence and Medici’s• The Medici’s were the most
powerful of all Italian families
• Primarily b/c of the skill of Cosimo Medici.
• Cosimo was brilliant political and businessman
• Used huge fortune for political power and finance art projects
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Florence and Medici’s• After Cosimo dies, his grandson
Lorenzo takes power
• Lorenzo is known as Lorenzo the Magnificent
• And why was Lorenzo magnificent?
• Sponsored lots of art and literature with the Medici fortune.
• Some artists who enjoyed his patronage - Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Donatello.
• Started schools that studied ancient works
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The renaissance man• To be a universal man (or
Renaissance man), like Lorenzo here, you were going to become expert in song, dance, and poetry.
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Swoon, ladies.
Swoon.
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Classic Fever
• Once the “R” started – people looked for the ancient classics
• Many were gathering dust in monasteries• Muslim culture also had some “saved”• Some came from sacking of Constantinople
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Beginning of Humanism
• All of these classics lead to “humanisim”• Humanism focused on what humans could do• Liked the finer things: entertainment, art, good food,
good company, etc• People were tired of the Black Death• Life was too short not to enjoy
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The new art• The “R” sees all types of new art
• Medieval art tended to be very flat and nearly always had religious overtones.
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The new art• “R” art is different• Perspective is the biggest advancement• When you look at a scene, parallel lines seem to get closer to each
other the farther in the distance they go until they meet at a vanishing point. Think of standing on a railroad track and looking down them
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The new art• Renaissance artists started exploiting this optical illusion in their art.
The advantage of it is that you created the illusion of a three dimensional image on a flat, two dimensional surface
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• Interestingly, perspective can also be used as to create false perspective, such as here.
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• Or in M.C. Escher’s works (though he wasn’t Renaissance).
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You also start to see the use of light and shade (chiaroscuro) and blurring outlines so it seems that tones imperceptibly meld in to each other (thereby creating volume: this is sfumato).
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Carvaggio’s Crucifixion of St. Peter. An example of Chiaroscuro.
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Close-up of Mona Lisa’s face. Notice the sfumato blurring, especially around the eyes, and how it creates a 3D illusion.
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• You also see a renewed interest in some classical forms in sculpture that are at the same time using realism.
• Examples are Donatello’s bronze David and Michelangelo’s marble David.
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• Even Lorenzo got into it:
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• There’s also a greater plasticity and animation to the characters in the paintings. They feel like they’re in mid-movement and not just in some stone-like pose.
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• Architecture changed during the Renaissance too.
• It was more symmetrical and centrally planned than Gothic architecture was.
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• The dome of the basilica reaches 448 ft. The Statue of Liberty, from the ground to the tip of the torch, is 305 ft.
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• There’s also the Sistine Chapel. Not much to look at from the outside:
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• But inside…
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