16:2 the affluent society between 1940 and 1955 average income of american family tripled “economy...
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16:2 The Affluent Society
• Between 1940 and 1955 average income of American family tripled
• “Economy of Abundance”– Economist John Kenneth Galbraith• All societies before had “economy of scarcity”
– Economic prosperity limited due to:» Lack of resources» Over-population
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16:2 Growth of Suburbia
• Mass-produced suburbs around cities in 1950s– Levittown, N.Y. one of first
• Reasons for growth:– Escape crime and congestion of city – Better life for family– Suburbs = “The American Dream”
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16:2 The Baby Boom
• 1945-1961– More than 65 million babies born in U.S.• At height, child born every 7 seconds
– Reasons:• Men and women put off marriage until after wars• GI bill made purchasing a home easier • T.V. and magazines celebrated pregnancy, parenthood,
and large families
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16:2 The Changing Workplace
• More Americans working in offices– “white collar jobs”
• Franchise– A person owns and runs several stores of a chain
operation • Critics of the change– “The Lonely Crowd”, David Reisman (1950)• Before: people were inner-directed
– Value came from family approval and sense of self
• Now: other-directed– Value comes from approval of company and community
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16:2 Advances in Electronics
• The resistor decreased the size of radios
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16:2 Advances in Electronics
• Dawn of the computer age– U.S. military develops world’s first computer (1946)
• Jet airlines – Development of plastics and light metals
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16:2 Medical Miracles
• Radiation and chemotherapy treatment for cancer • CPR to resuscitate the heart • Pacemakers• Antibiotics greatly decreased death from tuberculosis• Vaccine developed for polio – Jonas Salk
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16:2 Rise of Television
• Comedy– “I Love Lucy”
• Action– “Lone Ranger”, “Gunsmoke” (Western)– “Dragnet” (police drama)
• Sports on TV become very popular
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16:2 Hollywood Responds
• Weekly movie attendance– 1946: 82 million– 1950: 36 million
• Hollywood tries to lure people back– 3-D movies– Cinemascope • Large, panoramic screens
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16:2 Radio Changes
• T.V. and movies make radio shows obsolete – Radios turn their focus to• Weather• Music• News • sports• Talk shows
– Radio’s big advantage over T.V. and Hollywood:• Radios begin to appear in cars
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16:2 Rock ‘n Roll
• Alan Freed, radio DJ in Cleveland– Convinced station to play music on air– Noticed White teens dancing to African-American
music in record stores – White artists influenced by African-American
music = rock ‘n roll – “Generation gap”• Cultural separation between parents and their children
– First rock star: Elvis Presley
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16:2 The Beat Movement
• “Beatniks”– Poets, writers, artists• Harshly criticized
– conformity of American life– Meaninglessness of American politics– Emptiness of pop culture
• Provided foundation for Sixties rebellions• Jack Kerouac
– “On the Road” (1957)