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RHIZOFILTRATION

Rhizofiltration is primarily used to

remediate extractedgroundwater, surface water, and

waste water with low

contaminant concentrations.

Rhizofiltration defined as the use ofplants, both terrestrial and

aquatic, to absorb, concentrate,

and precipitate contaminants

from polluted aqueous sources in

their roots.

Rhizofiltration can be used for Pb,

Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr, which are

primarily retained within the roots


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RHIZOFILTRATIONRhizofiltration dikenal juga dengan nama Hydroponic System.

Process goal-nya juga termasuk kategori remediation.

Medianya, pumped or surficial water stream.

Mechanism-nya phytostabilization, phytoaccumulation, evapotranspiration.

Typical contaminant berupa metal dan juga radionucleid.


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Rhizofiltration

Rhizofiltration pada intinya adalah memindahkan kontaminandari air dan aliran limbah cair (run of fpertanian, industr ia ldischarges, nuc lear mater ia l processing).

Figure. Flow through rhizofiltrationsystem. The system contains 8-12 weeks-old sunflower plantswith roots immersed in flowingcontaminated water.


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Rhizofiltration

Mekanisme Adsorpsi dan Absorbsi oleh akar tanaman memegang peran

penting dalam rhizofiltrasi ; dan akar dengan luas permukaan yang luaslebih dianjurkan.

Terrestrial plant are preferred because they have a fibrous and much

longer root system, increasing the amount of root area.

Sunflower, indian mustard, tobacco, rye, spinach and corn have been

studied for their ability to remove lead from water, with sunflower

having the greatest ability.


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Beberapa aplikasi Rhizofiltration

Epcot Center, suatu sistem tertutup dengan cara re-

circulating nutrients telah dikenalkan sebagai salah satu

kegiatan rhizofiltrasi yang digabungkan dengan biofiltrasi

menggunakan beberapa spesies tertentu (Negri and

Hinchman, 1996).

Rhizofiltrasi juga diterapkan di San Fransisco Bay ;

bekerjasama dengan Chevron membangun sebuah

wetland constructions yang mampu memindahkan hampir89% Se yang mengkontaminasi perairan tersebut dari

kegiatan industri oil refinery.


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Rhizofiltration The water f lowin g into the wetland was measured to have 20-

30 g/lt Se, while the ou tf low fr om the wetland had less than 5

g/lt (Hans en et al., 1998).

Pada studi di San Joaquin Valley (Gao et al., 2003), a flowthrough wet land sy stem was con structed with cells conta in ing

either a single species, or a combinat ion o f species

[Schoenoplectus robus tus, Juncu s balt icus, Spartina

alterni f lora, Polypogon monspel l iensis , Dist ichl is sp icata,

Thypa lati fol ia, and Ruppia marit ima].

Four years after plant ing , com prehensive analysis showed that

59% of the Se remained in the wetland, mostly in the organic

detr i tal layer and surface sediment, 35% in the outf low, 4% in

the seepage and 2% to vo lati l ization.

Menunjukkan bahwa wetland plant uptake of Se varies with species type dantumbuhan yang berwarna biru diatas adalah tumbuhan pada skala percobaan yangberpotensi melakukan high uptake Se (Gao et al., 2003).

Beberapa aplikasi Rhizofiltration


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Rhizofiltration

Gambar diatas menunjukkan suatu mekanisme sederhana rhizofiltrasidengan menggunakan spesies tumbuhan pada suatu kolam buatanuntuk menurunkan tingkat akumulasi logam berat Hydroponicsystem.

The cost of remediation by rhizofiltration has been estimated to be $2-6 per 1000 gallons of water.


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Penelitian di Indonesia (1)

Rhizofiltrasi kromium dan keragaman komunitas rhizobakteri pada

tanaman air (Anna Safarrida S2 program)

Tujuan : mengetahui ketahanan dan serapan tanaman air

terhadap Cr ; keragaman komunitas rhizobakteri tanaman air

yang dipapar Cr ; dan isolasi identifikasi rhizobakteri yang

tahan Cr.

Menggunakan 4 tanaman (Pistia stratiotes, Eichornia crassipes,

Lemna minor, dan Salvinia minor) ditumbuhkan pd medium

buatan (Hoagland) yang dipasok 0, 1, 2, 4 dan 8 ppm Cr.

Selanjutnya tanaman juga diujikan lebih lanjut dlm limbah cair

industri penyamakan kulit.


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Kemampuan toleransi dan serapan tan thd Cr didasarkan pd

pengamatan morfologi dan analisis kadar Cr dlm biomass.

Keragaman komunitas rhizobakteri dianalisis mell pendekatan

culture independent dan dependent ; koloni2 yg berbeda pd

culture dependent diseleksi ketahanannya thd Cr dan dianalisis

keragamannya dg Rep-PCR.

Isolat yg terpilih diidentifikasi berdasar sekuen parsial gen 16S

rDNA.

P.stratiotes dan Salvinia sp. Berturut-turut mempunyai

ketahanan dan serapan paling rendah dan paling tinggi thd Cr

dibanding tanaman lain.


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Pd pendekatan culture independent dan dependent, paparan Cr

menurunkan keragaman komunitas rhizobakteri, baik pdP.stratiotes maupun Salvinia sp, dimana keragaman tertinggi

justru di Salvinia sp.

Hasil pengujian ketahanan thd Cr diperoleh 6 isolat

rhizobakteri yg tahan hingga 40 ppm ; dan berhasildiidentifikasi sebagai Aeromonas sp, Rhodococcus fascians,

Bacillus sp. Pseudomonas mosselii, Agrobacterium tumefaciens

dan Brevibacterium sp.


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Advantages of Rhizofiltration

Readily absorbs metals

The ability to use both terrestrial and aquatic plants foreither in situ or ex situ applications.

Contaminants do not have to be translocated to theshoots.

Species other than hyperaccumulators may be used.


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Disadvantages of Rhizofiltration

Applicable for treatment of water only.

Metals are concentrated in plant biomass and must bedisposed of eventually (~there is periodic harvesting andplant disposal).

Constant need to adjust pH.

Plant may first need to be grown in a greenhouse ornursery.

Tank design must be well engineered,

Good understanding of the chemical speciation /interaction is needed.


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16 rhizofiltration

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