15749975-guidelines-for-piping-design-for-metallurgical-industries

GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN FOR

METALURGICAL INDUSTRIES

MECON LIMITED RANCHI – 834002

DOC.NO: MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405, REV-0 JUNE’ 2006

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO. 01 INTRODUCTION Page 1 of 2 to

of 2 02 PIPE SIZING Page 1 of 9 to

Page 9 of 9 03 PIPING LAYOUT Page 1 of 9 to

Page 9 of 9 04 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Page 1 of 44 to

Page 44 of 44 05 LOAD CALCULATIONS AND FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS

Page 1 of 8 to Page 8 of 8

06 PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS Page 1 of 27 to Page 27 of 27

07 REFERENCES

REV.NO.

DATE PREPARED BY CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

0

27.06.2006

1.V.KUMAR, AGM

2.R.B.KUMAR, SR.MANAGER

S.P.GUPTA.

DGM

V.K SAHAY,

DGM I/C

CHAPTER -01

INTRODUCTION

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev -0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 01 Page 1 of 3 01 INTRODUCTION 01.01 SCOPE 01.01.01 This document provides general guidelines and procedures for design of Inter

Shop/yard and In-shop piping systems in Metallurgical Plants and other related industrial installations.

01.01.02 The provisions & stipulations of this documents are applicable to all the utility

fluids conditions & systems those listed is clause 01.01.04. 01.01.03 These guidelines are general in nature and are to be applied by the piping

designer judiciously considering the system parameters, plant & piping layout, prevalent ambient conditions, operation & maintenance practices etc.

01.01.04 The provisions of this documents do not apply to the following:-

a) Fluids not listed in clause 01.02 i.e. chilled water, storm water, chemicals, lubrication oil, grease, hydraulic oil, sewerage etc.

b) Equipment piping e.g. Hot blast, PCM lime Milk piping, etc.

c) Tubes & Tube fittings.

d) Gas lances.

e) Coal Tar injection piping.

f) Piping inside Power plant building

g) Pipes for pneumatic conveyance

01.02 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FLUIDS

For the purpose of piping design, the fluids are classified under following broad categories:

• By-product Fuel Gases • Hydrocarbon Fuel Gases • Industrial Gases • Liquid Fuels • Compressed Air • Steam • Water

- Industrial Water. - Drinking Water. - Deminaralized Water. - Soft Water.

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev -0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 01 Page 2 of 3

By-product Fuel Gases

Gases generated during many of the metallurgical processes contain carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4) and other hydrocarbons. These gases have substantial calorific value and are used as fuel for various heating requirements in the plant. The gases are generally made available from the production units after cleaning however, these may contain some residual impurities like suspended dust particles, moisture. Gases like Coke Oven Gas may also contain tar fog, H2S and other chemicals, etc. Some of the by-product fuel gases commonly used are as follows;

• Coke Oven Gas • Blast Furnace Gas • Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Gas • COREX Gas • Top gas from Direct Reduction Furnaces

The above gases have different characteristics and calorific values and are used as fuel either alone or as mixture of gases to optimize their in-plant usage.

Hydrocarbon Gases Hydrocarbon gases supplied from external sources are also used as fuel. This category includes the following:

• Natural Gas • Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) • Coal Bed Methane Gas

Industrial Gases

Industrial Gases are used in the metallurgical processes. Industrial gases are also used for cutting, welding, purging and other requirements like inert atmospheres in furnaces, etc.

• Oxygen is used for steel making, enrichment of air blast in blast furnaces, cutting & welding needs.

• Nitrogen is used for providing inert atmospheres as well as for purging purposes.

• Argon is used for metal refining providing inert atmosphere and welding.

• Acetylene is used for cutting and welding.

• Hydrogen and dissociated ammonia are used for generating inert atmosphere in heat treatment furnaces.

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev -0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 01 Page 3 of 3

Liquid fuels

Liquid fuels are used in industrial installations as primary / supplementary fuel. These include:

• Fuel Oils as per IS: 1593-1982 • Diesel Fuels as per IS: 1460-2002 • Heavy Petroleum Stocks as per IS: 11489-1985

Compressed Air

Compressed air is generally required for all industrial installations for distribution of service air and dry air (Instrument air) Steam

Steam piping network is required for distribution of steam for heating / utility and purging requirements. The steam may be supplied from Captive power plants, utility boilers or waste heat recovery boilers.

Water

Water is used for cooling, drinking & flushing purposes in an industrial plant. Various kinds of water available in a steel plant are industrial water, make-up water, clarified water, drinking water, fire fighting water, DM water & soft water. The main source of water in industries are rivers, canals, tube wells, ponds, municipal supply, etc,.

01.03 Individual Piping system shall be provided for distribution of each of the above fluids from generating station to the consumers.

CHAPTER -02

PIPE SIZING

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev -0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No – 02 Page 1 of 14

02.00 PIPE SIZING 02.01 DESIGN PARAMETERS

Design pressure for various categories of piping shall be as follows :

Low Pressure Fuel gas piping : 1.25 Times Max. Operating Pressure(MOP) ( Up to 1500 mm WC MOP) But not less than 2000 mmWC minimum All other gas piping : 1.25 Times Max. Operating Pressure (except Acetylene) Acetylene piping : Test pressure based on Maxi.Allowable ranges Working / Operating Pressure Refer para 02.02 below Water piping : 1.5 times Maximum System Pressure. Steam piping : 1.5 times Maximum Operating Pressure.

Design temperature for all fluids shall be maximum working temperature of fluid. In case of ambient temperature, design temperature may be taken as 60 deg C for piping exposed to sun and 45 deg C for indoor piping. Flow rate for design purpose shall be taken as peak flow rate for the respective section. In case of branches to individual consumers, peak flow rate for the consumers shall be considered. For common branches and main headers, peak flow rate based on consumption pattern/ diversity factor may be used for pipe sizing. Future augmentation of flow rate for common piping shall also be taken into consideration for pipe sizing.

02.02 SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE

• Pipelines shall be sized by limiting the fluid velocity in the pipeline as per Table 02-01.

• Peak flow rate based on the distribution pattern shall be considered for sizing of pipes.

• Sizing shall be based on actual flow rate at worst combination of parameters e.g. lowest pressure and highest temperature.

• In case recommended velocity is dependant on diameter range, after initial sizing, velocity should be re-checked and if required, size should be recalculated.

• Nearest higher standard pipe size shall be selected after calculation.

• For water piping & critical applications of pipes for other services, pipe sizes should be re-checked after pressure drop calculations and availability of required pressure at consumer point. If required, pipe size may be increased to meet the pressure drop criteria.


02.02.01 Acetylene pipes

Acetylene differs from other fuel gases such as Natural Gas and propane because of its ability to decompose. In case of such reaction high energy is released which can travel as shock wave through piping. Velocity of shock wave depends on pipe size and in smaller cross section area, velocity is restricted and shock wave dies out after travelling some distance. This phenomenon is called deflagration and pressure developed in pipe is limited. In larger pipe, shock wave can travel fast and entire volume takes part in reaction and explosion may occur. This is called detonation and pressure developed in pipe is very high.

Based on the pressure and pipe size, the operating regime of acetylene is divided into three working ranges complied in IGC Document No. 9 / 78. The document gives recommendations for selection of pipe sizes and corresponding test pressures for each zone. Classification into zones is also given in IGC referred above. The pipe size shall be selected so that piping remains in safe zone or deflagration zone as per working ranges. Use of pipe size in detonation zone shall be avoided hence if required multiple pipes shall be used to carry the total flow rate required. Test pressure for working range – I shall be 1.5 times maximum working pressure. In case of working range - II and working range – III the design pressure shall be 10 times and 20 times ( Minimum 30 Bar ) of maximum working pressure respectively.

While crossing hot zones acetylene pipeline are protected with heat shield or insulated depending upon the site requirement.

02.02.02 Oxygen pipelines

In carbon steel pipes carrying oxygen at high pressure and high velocity, foreign particles, rust or scale can cause internal spark due to friction at high velocity and result in steel pipe catching fire which may spread vigorously in oxygen atmosphere. Several accidents have been reported due to such fires. Since cleanliness in erected piping system is always in doubt, it is recommended to adopt velocities given in Table A- 02.01 B.

In areas where higher velocity may be required, SS pipes may be used. In pressure regulating stations where velocity as well as turbulence is large, copper pipes shall be used. For pipes above DN 150 size, CS pipes with inner copper sleeve can be used. In case of copper pipe having high conductivity, any spark is quenched and thus there is no chance of fire. For further details refer IGC Document 13 / 82.


02.03 SIZING CALCULATION 02.03.01 Calculation of Actual Flow Rate

Flow rate of various gaseous fluids is indicated in Nm3/hr. This needs to be converted to Am3 / hr considering actual pressure and temperature parameters of the fluid using formula indicated below:-

PNVN PAVA ------ = ------ TN TA

Where, PN = 1.033 Kg f / cm2 (Absolute)

VN = Volume in Nm3 / hr TN = 273 deg. K PA = Actual pressure of fluid in Kg f / cm2 (a) (Absolute)

VA = Actual Volume in m3 / hr TA = Actual temperature of fluid in deg. K For liquid pipelines (Fuel oil, water), no correction is necessary.

02.03.02 Pipe Size Calculation

∏ d2

Q = --------------- . V. 3600 m3 / hr

4. 106 = 0.0009 ∏ d2 V m3 / hr

( Q ) 0.5 d = ---------------------------- mm ( 0.0009 ∏ V ) 0.5

____________

= 18.80 √ Q / V Where Q = Flow rate in m3 / hr (Calculated as VA above)


V = Permissible velocity in / sec. d = Inside diameter of pipe in mm

For steam service, flow rate is normally indicated in tonnes per hour. This need to be converted into m3 / hr by finding specific volume of steam at the given temperature and pressure using steam table and subsequently pipe size is worked-out based on velocity range indicated in Table A-02-01C. For steam service, velocity depends upon fluid condition as well as range of pipe diameter. Finally, pipe size is finalized based on trial and error method as carried out for fuel gas service. For moist gas, partial pressure at the operating temperature shall also be considered while calculating the actual flow.

TABLE 02-01

RECOMMENDED VELOCITIES FOR SELECTION OF PIPE SIZES A : Low Pressure Fuel Gases

Gas Velocity, m/sec (maximum) Sl. No

Nominal Pipe Dia – (mm) BF & BOF

Gas CO Gas, Natural Gas Mixed BF

& Corex Gas

Remarks

1 20 – 80 2 2 2 2 100 - 250 3 - 4 4 – 5 4 –5 3 300 – 500 5 - 6 6 – 7 5 – 7 4 600 – 800 6 – 7 7 – 8 7 - 8 5 900 – 1200 8 - 10 9 – 12 8 – 11 6 1300 – 2000 11 - 18 13 – 20 12 – 19 7 > 2000 20 - 25 23 - 28 21 - 27

B : Medium Pressure & High Pressure Gases

Medium Pressure Range (kgf/cm2 g)

Gas Velocity, m/sec (maximum)

Remarks

Up to 6 8 –10 See Note 1 6 - 16 12 – 16

Nitrogen, Argon, Compressed Air, Instrument Air 16 - 40 Up to 20

Up to 16 10 See Note 2 Oxygen 16 - 40 8

LPG Up to 3 8 Acetylene Up to 1.2 8 Up to DN 25

Notes :

1. In case adequate pressure is available, velocity for inert gases and air can be increased up to 30 m/sec


2. In case cleanliness of pipe is ensured, maximum velocity can be 20m/sec. In case SS pipes are used, velocity may go up to 30m/sec and for copper pipes velocity up to 60m/sec can be considered.

C: LIQUID FUELS:-

Medium Pressure Range (kgf/cm2 g)

Velocity, m/sec (maximum)

Remarks

Liquid Fuels All Pressures 1.5

D : FOR STEAM

Average Velocity, m/sec Sl. No

Fluid Condition Up to

DN 50mm DN 50 to DN

150mm DN 200mm and above

Remarks

1 SATURATED AT SUB-ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

- 10 – 15 15 – 20

2 SATURATED AT 1 TO 7 Kgf/cm2 (g)

15 – 22 20 – 33 25 – 43

3 SATURATED ABOVE 7 Kgf/cm2 (g)

15 – 25 20 – 35 30 – 50

4 SUPERHEATED UPTO 7 Kgf/cm2 (g)

20 – 30 25 – 40 30 – 50

5 SUPERHEATED ABOVE 7 TO 35 Kgf/cm2 (g)

20 - 33 28 – 43 35 - 55

E : FOR WATER

Average Velocity, m/sec Sl. No

Fluid Condition Up to

DN 50mm DN 50 to DN

150mm DN 200mm and above

Remarks

1 PUMP SUCTION CONDENSATE WATER

- 0.4 – 0.6 0.6 - 0.7

2 PUMP SUCTION-GENERAL SERVICE

0.6 – 0.9 0.7 – 1.3 0.9 – 1.5

3 WATER GENERAL

0.4 – 1.0 0.6 – 2.0 1.0 -2.4

02.04 PIPE THICKNESS CALCULATION ( PIPE SUBJECTED TO INTERNAL PRESSURE) 02.04.01 For Fuel and industrial gasses pipeline the pipe thickness is generally calculated as per

ANSI B31.3 – 1996 ( Process Piping )


t = PD/{2(SE+PY)} Where

t = Calculated thickness in mm P = Internal design guage pressure in kPa D = Outside dia of pipe in mm S = Basis allowable stress for metals in MPa E = Quality factor as per (Table A-1B) of ANSI B31.3 Y = Coefficient from Table 304.1.1 of ANSI B13.3

C = Sum of mechanical allowances plus corrosion and erosion allowance. C = Corrosion allowance (min) in mm = 3.0 mm for BF, CO, BOF, Mixed and Corex gas for DN 100mm & above = 1.5 mm for BF, CO, BOF, Mixed and Corex gas below DN 100mm & for other

gases = 1.5mm for other gases for all sizes

The above valves of corrosion allowance is for general guidelines. However, the same should be checked with Piping Material Specification (PMS) covered in Chapter 06.

Thickness calculated on the basis of above formula is minimum thickness required for pipe under specified parameters. However, pipe thickness is selected based on the recommended minimum thickness / schedule indicated in PMS, covered in Chapter 06. 12.5% is added on calculated thickness as Mill tolerances.

02.04.02 Steam piping network comes under the purview of IBR and thickness calculation needs

to be carried-out as per stipulations indicated in IBR and same needs to be approved by CIB.

02.04.03 Pipe thickness calculation for water pipelines

The wall thickness of steel pipe is affected by a number of factors as indicated below: a) Internal pressure

• Maximum design pressure • Surge or water hammer pressure

b) External pressure

• Trench loading pressure • Earth fill pressure • Vacuum underground.

c) Special physical loading • Pipe on saddle supports • Pipe on ring girder supports

d) Practical requirement at site.


The thickness of pipe should be selected that which satisfies to most severe requirement. For detail of the above pressure/loading refer AWWA MANUAL M-11 The nominal thickness of steel pipe as per IS:5822 (code of practice for water supply) shall not be less than the design thickness as given below plus the thickness for corrosion allowance: t = PD Where t = thickness of wall in mm

2afe + P P = internal design pressure in N/mm2 D= outside diameter in mm

a = design factor (0.6 for working pressure and 0.9 for test pressure inclusive of surge

pressure) f = Specified maximum yield stress in N/mm2 and e = Weld efficiency of the joint (0.9 for shop welding

and 0.8 for field welding)

Corrosion allowance : It is preferable to design for the required wall thickness as determined by the loads imposed, then select living coatings and catholic protection as necessary to provide the required level of corrosion protection. 2 mm corrosion allowance for pipe up to DN 100 and 3mm corrosion allowance for pipe above DN 100 is generally considered.

02.05 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION

02.05.01 Low pressure gas

Pressure drop (mm WC) due to friction inside pipeline carrying fuel gas at low pressure can be expressed by the basic hydraulic formula :

f.l.v2.ρ H = -------------------------- 2.g.d where, H = Pressure drop (mmWC) l = length of pipe sector under consideration (m) d = Inner diameter of pipe (m) v = Velocity of gas (m/sec) g = Acceleration due to gravity (m2 / sec)


f = Friction co-efficient (dimensionless) depending on pipe diameter., velocity & viscosity of gas and type of flow)

= 0.03 to 0.045 (average value = 0.038) for BF gas = 0.04 to 0.05 (average value = 0.045) for CO gas = 0.02 to 0.03 (average value = 0.025) for Natural gas

Large values of “f” shall be taken for pipes of size less than 200 mm and smaller values shall be taken for pipes of size more than 1500 mm.

ρ = density of gas (Kg/Nm3)

Equivalent pipe length for pipe-fittings, valves, etc. shall be taken into account for calculating pressure drop.

02.05.02 High pressure gas a) For working pressure of 10-15 kgf/cm2

Pressure drop (mm WC) due to friction inside pipeline carrying fuel gas at high

pressure can be expressed by the formula: ------------------- / PH

2 - Pk2

Q = 20.555 d 8/3 / ------------------- √ SLT

Where, Q = Flow rate (m3 / hr ) calculated at 200 C and 760 mm Hg pressure d = Inner diameter in cm. S = Specific gravity of gas with respect to air L = Length of pipe in km T = Temperature of gas in deg. K PH = Pressure of gas in Kgf/cm2 at one end of pipeline PK = Pressure of gas in Kgf/cm2 at other end of pipeline


b) For higher pressure, the above formula is modified as :

------------------- / PH

2 - Pk2

Q = 20.555 d 8/3 / ------------------- √ SKLT

Where, Q = Flow rate (m3 / hr ) calculated at 200 C and 760 mm Hg pressure d = Inner diameter in cm. S = Specific gravity of gas with respect to air L = Length of pipe in km T = Temperature of gas in deg. K PH = Pressure of gas in Kgf/cm2 at one end of pipeline PK = Pressure of gas in Kgf/cm2 at other end of pipeline

K = Compressibility factor of gas at specified pressure and temperature or, alternatively

_ _ 0.551 | PH

2 - Pk2 |

Q = 25.0833 d 2.653 | ------------------- | | SKLT |

|_ _| 02.05.03 Water

001. Pressure drop in pressure water pipe line can be calculated by using modified Hazen Williams formula.

V=3.83 CR d 0.6575 (gs)0.5525/v0.105 ------------------------ I Where, CR = Co-efficient of roughness d = Pipe diameter g = acceleration due to gravity s = friction slope v = viscosity of liquid.


For circular conduits, v20ºC for water = 10-6 m2/s and g = 9.81 m/s2 The modified Hazan Williams formula derived as

V = 143.534 CR r 0.6575 S 0.5525 --------------------- II h = [L(Q/CR)1.81]/ 994.62D4.81 --------------------- III in which, V = Velocity of Flow in m/s; CR = Pipe roughness coefficient; (1 for smooth pipes; <1 for rough pipes) r = hydraulic radius in m; s = friction slope; D = internal diameter of pipe in m; h = friction head loss in m; L = length of pipe in m; and Q = flow in pipe in m3/s

A nomogram for estimation of head loss by modified Hazen William formula is enclosed at Annexure- I 002. Pressure drop in gravity flow water pipeline (gravity flow line) can be calculated using

Manning’s formula:- V = 1/n r 2/3 s1/2 For circular conduits: V =(3.968 x 10 -3 x d2/3 x s1/2)/n and Q = 8.661 x 10-7 x (1/n) x d8/3 x s1/2 Where, Q = Discharge in m3/hr s = Slope of hydraulic gradient d = Diameter of pipe in mm. r = hydraulic radius in meters v = velocity in m/sec n = Marming co-efficient of roughness ( For general design purpose

‘n’= 0.013 for plastic pipes & ‘n’= 0.15 for other pipes) A nomogram for discharge etc according to Manning’s formula is enclosed at Annexure-II 003. Pressure drop in valves & fittings:-

Fittings in a pipeline like valves, bends, tees, reducers, couplings, branches offer considerable resistance to flow of liquid. The loss of head caused by a fitting is partly due to the sinuous motion setup by the expansion of the steam to fill the pipe after its contraction in passing the valve and partly to the irregularities in the shape of the water way through the valve.


Losses due to fitting are sometimes expressed in terms of the length of straight pipe of a given diameter which gives an equivalent loss of head. This method is very approximate as the equivalent length as depend upon pipe friction .. and to some extant on diameter. The head loss hf caused by a fully open valve or fitting during the flow of a liquid may be computed from the formula:

hf = K V2 2g

Where, K = resistance coefficient for valve or fitting

V = Average velocity in a pipe of corresponding diameter in M/s, and

g = Acceleration due ot gravity in m/s2 hf = head loss in m

Resistance coefficient for valve and fittings as per IS: 2915- Part-II

Sl

No. Description of valves and fittings Resistance coefficient

1. Loss in entrance a) Bell mouth b) Square edged

0.04 to 0.05 0.47 to 0.56

2. Loss at exist 1.0 3. Loss in sudden contraction 0 to 0.5 (varying with dia

ratio) 4. Loss in sudden enlargement 0.17 to 1.0 (varying with

angle between the sides of the tapering section)

5. Losses is fittings a) Elbow i Regular screwed 450 elbow 0.3 to 0.42 ii Regular screwed 900 elbow 0.55 to 0.90 iii Regular flanged 900 elbow 0.21 to 0.30 iv Long radius flanged 450 elbow 0.18 to 0.20 v Long radius flanged 900 elbow 0.14 to 0.23 vi Long radius screwed 900 elbow 0.22 to 0.60 b) Bends i Screwed return bend, close

pattern 0.75 to 2.2

ii Flanged return bend composed of two 900 flanged elbow a) regular b) long radius

0.38 0.25


c) Standard screwed Tee i Branch blanked off 0.4 ii Line blanked off

a) Flow from line to branch b) Flow from branch to line

0.85 to 1.3 0.92 to 2.15

d) Long radius screwed Tee i Line blanked off

a) Flow from line to branch b) Flow from branch to line

0.37 to 0.80 0.50 to 0.52

e) Coupling and unions 0.02 to 0.07 f) Reducing Bushing and coupling used

as Reducer 0.05 to 2.0

6. Valves i Globe vales a) Composition disc globe valve 0.23 to 5.2

b) Bevel seat globe valve 6.2 to 7.2 c) Plug disc globe valve 7.2 to 10.3 ii Gate valve a) Wedge disc gate valve 0.05 to 0.19 b) Double disc gate valve 0.08 to 0.13 iii Check valves a) Swing check valve 0.6 to 2.3 b) Horizontal (lift) check valve 8 to 12 c) Ball check valve 65 to 70 iv Angle valve 2.1 to 3.1 v ‘‘Y” or blow off valve 2.9 vi Foot valve 15

ANNEXURE - I


ANNEXURE-II

CHAPTER -03

PIPING LAYOUT

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev - 0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No – 03 Page 1 of 12

03.00 PIPING LAYOUT 03.01 GENERAL

03.01.01 Routing and layout of piping system shall be as per good engineering practice.

Following factors shall be taken into consideration while designing piping system.

• All functional requirements shall be fully satisfied. • Adequate clearance is provided for equipment and operating personnel. • Easy access for operation and maintenance of piping component. • Convenient supporting points for piping, equipment, valves, etc. • Adequate flexibility for thermal expansion / movements. • Aesthetics and neat appearance.

03.02 PIPE LAYING FOR FUEL GASES. INDUSTRIAL GASES, LIQUID

FUELS, COMPRESSED AIR & STEAM

01. The gas pipes installed along building wall should not cross window and door way.

02. While laying high pressure gas pipes along the walls, the latter should be

fire-proof. In doing so, the gas pipes should be laid along solid walls or above the windows of upper floors of plant buildings.

03. When gas pipes are installed along external walls of buildings below window ways, installation of flange, thread joints and also installation of accessories is not allowed.

04. Gas pipes of various service conditions may be laid along with oxygen on

a common support provided conditions stipulated under various clauses are followed.

05. The following conditions should be observed when installing gas pipes

with other pipes:

a) Additional pipes on existing gas pipes are allowed to be laid only with the permission of concerned plant and design organisation.

b) In each case, the gas pipes and supporting structures should be checked

with due consideration for additional loads and practical state of the metal structure of gas pipes.

c) When installing with pipes carrying corrosive fluids they should be kept at

least 500 mm below or by the side of the gas pipe at a distance of 500mm.


If flange joints are provided on pipes carrying corrosive liquids, it is necessary to mount protective baffle plate against falling of corrosive liquids on gas pipes and their supports.

Installation of flanged joints and flow components are not allowed on corrosive liquid pipes where the pipes pass above stairs and platforms.

d) The associated gas pipes at the places on gas pipes where valves and other

devices are mounted, should be kept at a minimum 800 mm distance from the main pipe.

e) Drainage of the associate pipes should be laid to one side at a distance so

that condensate does not fall on gas pipes/ its accessories, supporting structures and their elements, etc.

06. The branch line should generally be installed outside building along roof wall. Branch line having diameter less than 500 mm may be laid inside shop building.

07. Branch line from gas main entering into building through building wall should pass through casings. Internal clearance between casing and pipe should be suitably filled up, wherever required.

08. Gas branch line from gas main passing through roof covering should have

circular opening. For this purpose, a circular opening should be made on roof and a taper hood should be provided on the branch line above the roof for protection from rain.

09. Shop headers (except headers of By-product Plant) should be mounted at a height having minimum ground clearance of 4500 mm, when laying them outside the building wall.

10. Layout of gas consuming units in various shops (except coke oven batteries) should be such that it is possible to bring the gas pipes above ground.

11. Gas pipes of coke oven, natural gas and also their mixtures with blast furnace gas may be installed in channels and casings, in the region of gas supply to furnace and other consuming units.

The following conditions should be observed for this purpose:

a) Clearance between wall and bottom should be at least 400 mm, and for gas pipes of 200 mm and below clearances should not be less than the gas pipe diameter.

b) Installation of flanges, threaded joints and accessories (except

accessories for removal of condensate on a pipeline) is not allowed


when it is laid in a channel. The number of welds on such gas pipes should be restricted to a minimum.

c) Installation of gas pipes with air pipes to gas consumer units is

allowed to be laid in channels.

d) Channels with gas pipes, as a rule, should not cross other channels, In case, it is unavoidable, air tight tie-plate should be made and gas pipe should be placed in casing. Ends of casing should be taken out beyond the limit of tie-plate by 300 mm at both ends.

Channels should have provisions for natural ventilation. 12. In case oxygen and acetylene pipes are laid in channels, in addition to

above precautions, channels shall be filled with sand. 13. Underground oxygen lines shall be laid in trenches back-filled with soil,

unless specifically permitted otherwise by Purchaser/Engineer. Cathodic protection of the underground sections of the pipeline is recommended in addition to passive protection by coating and wrapping.

14. Gas pipes in buildings should be located at places convenient for servicing, inspection and repair. It is not allowed to lay pipes at places where there are chances of damage due to shop transport.

15. For gas lines installed in hot zone, it is recommended to provide protection against overheating of gas pipes.

16. It is allowed to fasten gas pipes to frames of furnaces, boilers and other units provided these frames are checked for strength by calculations.

17. Gas pipes are not allowed to pass through buildings producing or having

materials liable to explode or burn and building of power distributing devices and substations and ventilation chambers and through buildings, in which gas pipe may be damaged by intensive corrosion.

18. Gas pipes should not cross ventilation doors, air exhauster, flue pipes and

also gas pipes should not be installed in insufficiently ventilated space and in underground buildings.

19. Installation of high pressure gas pipes below main working platforms of

shops is not permitted.

20. Gas pipes along bridges should be made of seamless pipe and laid in the

open at a horizontal distance of one metre from ends of pavements for

passing of people and it should be within reach for servicing. Supporting


elements of the bridge should be accordingly checked for loads from gas

pipes. Laying of gas pipes in channels of bridges is not allowed. All

welding joints of gas pipes in the area of their attachment to bridge should

be radiographed.

21. Gas pipes passing through walls, ceilings, and other structures of buildings

of construction shall be encased in a steel pipe having inside dia at least 50

mm more than that of the oxygen pipe. The Gas pipe shall have no joints

in the section at such crossings. The gap between the gas pipe and the

outer pipe shall be filled with non/inflammable material, but allowing

vertical and horizontal movement.

22. The laying of moist fuel gas pipelines shall be as per IPPS: 1-06-014-95

23. Pressure pipe work for gases and liquid fuels generally shall be routed

overhead. All overhead interplant pipe work to be routed such that they

will have a minimum clearance of 6.0m between bottom of supporting

structures/pipes and road / railway track. The pipelines laid over hot

tracks shall have a minimum clearance of 10.0m, in case of using

protective shields in these places, this clearance shall be reduced to

6.0m Buried pipes, wherever laid, shall be provided with a minimum

earth covering of 1200mm in areas subject to temporary loads and

minimum earth covering of 1000mm in areas not subject to temporary

loads, unless otherwise specified.

24. For the pipelines laid on roof, the distance from the external edge of the

pipe to the roof shall be at least 0.5m.

25. All shop headers, except for gravity fluids, shall be generally routed along

columns in multiple rows at a height 4 to 6m above floor level. The

connections to equipment shall be taken through suitable covered floor

trenches for shops at ground floor and for basements, for elevated

operating floors, the equipment pipe work connection may be taken below

the floor level. All isolated single pipe connections to equipment shall be

buried in the flooring / equipment foundations. Pipe work from basement


and oil cellars to main equipment shall be routed in pipe tunnels / trenches

with adequate spacing for easy maintenance. All pipe trenches shall be

covered by chequered plate or by concrete slabs.

26. The bleeder pipes for purging lines and other exhaust pipe work shall be

routed upward along columns / gable ends and / or walls to a minimum

height of 4,000mm above the roof level / platforms.

27. For the gas pipelines laid along the building walls, the clearance between

the gas pipelines and the wall shall be adopted so as to ensure the

possibility for maintenance of the gas pipelines. The gas pipelines laid on

the walls must not cross the window and door openings.

28. Branch pipes from the headers to the building through walls and the roof

shall be encased.

29. Gas pipelines shall be earthed. When laid under the high voltage lines, a

protective sheet guarding shall be provided above the gas pipelines. The

guarding shall be earthed. The earthing resistance must be not over 10

ohm.

30 Platforms, access ladders, hand railing, etc. shall be provided for operation

and maintenance of valves, instruments and controls. Manholes and

hatches shall be provided for access inside the gas pipelines.

31. At all the places of regular maintenance (gate valves, throttle valves,

orifice plates, hatches, manholes, bleeders, etc.) if located at a height of

over 2.5m from the maintenance level, provision shall be made for

stationary platforms with the railings and stairs / ladders.

32. On outdoor pipelines of diameter 1200 mm and over, a continuous

walkway along the entire length shall be provided with hand railings on

both sides. The height of the hand railings must be atleast 1.2m. In case of

a number of pipelines, the passage shall be provided on the upper most

pipeline.


33. To ensure the condensate drainage, the gas pipelines shall be laid with a

gradient of about 0.005 towards the water drains.

Condensate drains shall be equipped with bleeders.

34. Flash back arrestors shall be provided in each section of the pipe work for

acetylene and LP gas to prevent flame propagation or pressure surges.

They may be of hydraulic / cartridge type flash back arrestors or back

pressure valves.

- All branch pipes from main header shall be connected through a hydraulic

arrestor.

- Shut-off globe valves shall be provided on both the inlet and outlet sides of

the arrestor and unions shall be provided for repair or replacement, if required.

35. Oxygen pipelines are laid on either side of the fuel gas line as per the

following norms.

Oxygen Pressure

in Kg/cm2

Diameter of Oxygen

pipe mm

Permissible gap in

mm

Upto 0.1 Upto DN 500 300

Upto 0.1 Above 500 600

0.1 to 16 Upto 500 800

16 to 35 Upto 200 800

Continuous installation is not allowed if the oxygen pressure is more than 16 Kg/cm2 and diameter of pipe is more than 200mm and also if the oxygen pressure is more than 35 Kg/cm2 for any size.

Minimum clearances of overhead oxygen pipelines (surface to surface)

i) Explosion Hazardous shops : 3 meters clearance ii) Railway tracks : 3 meters iii) Railway bridge and platform : 3 meters


iv) Roads : 1.5 meters upto embankment

v) High voltage Transmission lines A. Parallel to pipelines : 10 meters B. Crossing the pipelines upto 20kv : 3meters

35 to 150kv 220kv : 4 meters vi) To place of hot metal tapping and Source of open fire : 10 meters vii) Insulated L.T cables : 0.5 meters Bare conductor L.T : 1.0 meters.

36. In respect of Acetylene pipes the main header shall run minimum 15 meters away from any building, fire protection facilities like water reservoir, pump house and storage tank facilities containing hazardous flammables liquids and fuel gas storage like gas holder. 37. As far as possible, routing of high operating temperature pipelines, fuel gas or liquid fuel, steam, oxygen should be avoided along with the acetylene pipeline. All the Acetylene pipes and fittings shall be electrically grounded. At flanged and bolted connections jumpers or spring washers have to be installed for continuity of grounding.

03.03 PIPE LAYING FOR UNDER GROUND / OVER HEAD WATER SERVICE PIPELINES:

01. The Water pipes installed along building wall should not cross window and door way.

02. When Water pipes are installed along external walls of buildings below

window ways, installation of flange, thread joints and also installation of accessories is not allowed.

03. Water Pipes of various service conditions may be laid along with oxygen

on a common support provided conditions stipulated under various clauses are followed.

04. Shop headers (except headers of By-product Plant) should be mounted at

a height having minimum ground clearance of 4500 mm, when laying them outside the building wall.

05. Water pipes in buildings should be located at places convenient for servicing, inspection and repair. It is not allowed to lay pipes at places where there are chances of damage due to shop transport


06. For the pipelines laid on roof, the distance from the external edge of the

pipe to the roof shall be at least 0.5m.

07. All shop headers, except for gravity fluids, shall be generally routed along

columns in multiple rows at a height 4 to 6m above floor level. The

connections to equipment shall be taken through suitable covered floor

trenches for shops at ground floor and for basements, for elevated

operating floors, the equipment pipe work connection may be taken below

the floor level. All isolated single pipe connections to equipment shall be

buried in the flooring / equipment foundations. Pipe work from basement

and oil cellars to main equipment shall be routed in pipe tunnels / trenches

with adequate spacing for easy maintenance. All pipe trenches shall be

covered by chequered plate or by concrete slabs.

08. Branch pipes from the headers to the building through walls and the roof

shall be encased.

09. Platforms, access ladders, hand railing, etc. shall be provided for operation

and maintenance of valves, instruments and controls. Manholes and

hatches shall be provided for access inside the pipelines.

10. At all the places of regular maintenance (gate valves, throttle valves,

orifice plates, hatches, manholes, bleeders, etc.) if located at a height of

over 2.5m from the maintenance level, provision shall be made for

stationary platforms with the railings and stairs / ladders.

11. Under ground buried pipeline (Interplant network)

All the process water, industrial water and drinking water are generally

laid buried underground except the rubber lined demineralised water line.

(Natural gas pipes run cross country are mostly laid underground with at

least 2.0 meters earth cover.)


12. Underground Pipe tunnel of R.C.C

Process water, contaminated water, may also be considered for laying

inside a walkable underground R.C.C tunnel.

13. Over-ground supported on R.C.C pedestals or sleepers.

In Oil refinery, the process water, drinking water, firewater, and oil lines

are generally laid on R.C.C pedestals or sleepers for interplant

communication.

14. In shop pipelines

The inshop water pipelines are generally laid supported on building

columns, or below the crane girder or with the floor beams.

15 Salient considerations in Design of pipe Layout in trenches / underground

buried.

(i) Spacing of pipes in Trenches / underground buried.

S.No Nominal Diameter of Pipe, mm A (mm) B(mm)

1. Upto 150 300 200

2. 200 to 500 400 300

3. 600 to 750 500 500

4. 800 & above Minimum 500 mm and will increase depending

upon the pipe diameter.

(ii) Earth Coverage

Buried pipework is laid with earth cover sufficient to avoid damage from pressure

of vibration caused by surface traffic. Minimum earth cover over the top surface


of pipe shall be minimum 1200mm from the finished ground level in areas subject

to temporary loads.

(iii) Road and Railway crossing

All the under ground pipes crossing railway tracks and roads where the depth of

earth cover from the bottom of ties or road bed to the top of pipe is less than

1500mm, are to be protected by provision of encasing. The protection may be

either culvert, concrete casing pipe or steel encasing pipe or R.C.C trench with

cover.

Minimum size of casing pipe are given in the following table.

Minimum Diameter of Encasing pipe Service Pipe

Diameter(mm) For flanged pipes (mm) For welded pipelines(mm)

100 300 200

150 400 250

200 500 300

250 600 400

300 600 500

350 600 500

400 700 600

500 800 600

600 900 700

16. Laying of welded steel pipes for water supply shall be done as per IS: 5822

17. Laying of cast iron pipes shall be done as per IS: 3114

03.04 PIPE SUPPORTS (for Gases, Liquid fuel, gas & Water service pipelines)

01. After routing the pipelines from originating station to various consumers it is necessary to support the pipelines suitably to keep in position in the interplant & inshop areas.

02. PIPES IN THE INTERPLANT AREA.

001. All the pipelines are laid over the trestles in the interplant area for transportation of

fluids from their generating station to various consumers. These pipelines require


support at definite intervals. Support intervals are decided on the basis of pipe dia. In general support intervals followed are indicated in table no. 05.01 & 05.02.

002. Saddle supports are used for large dia pipes i.e DN 500 & above. For saddle supports

refer typical drawing no. MEC/11/40/TYP/DE/10/…………………. 003. Smaller dia pipe i.e below 500 mm dia are supported on channels of suitable size

depending upon pipe dia to be supported. For such support refer piping drawing of the project.

004. However, steams pipes of all sizes are supported on saddles only. Pipe with vertical

fall are required to be held in position by providing U-Clamps or vertical restrictors /saddles provided with trestle structure, etc.

005. Smaller dia pipe below DN 500 are held in position by means of U- clamp are

provided at each supporting point in horizontal / vertical pipe route. For U-clamp details refer typical drawing No MEC/11/40/TYP/DE/10/…………………. 005. All the above supporting arrangement should have provision of anchoring the pipe

rigidly wherever required. In case of saddles /channels type supports, rigidly fixing at the location of F.P. (fixed

points) are achieved by welding the saddle/channel with the supporting structures as well as with pipe.

In case of U-clamps (for pipe below DN 80) the clamping nuts should be tightened

fully for FP supports. 006. Large dia gas ducts are supported o trestles by using

- Saddle Supports. - Roller Supports - Boll Supports. Roller /ball are used for reducing frictional force on structures

03. PIPES INSIDE SHOP AREA. 001. Pipes to be laid inside the shop are generally supported on the shop

building/structural columns at a level with clear head room of 5.5 m.and at a location where it does not obstruct the activities.

(i.e crane movement, equipment movement, etc.) 002. Smaller dia pipe DN 200 & below are fixed by using U-clamps or by means of

hangers as the shop structure permits. 003. Large dia pipe with sizes above DN 200 are supported on building structural columns

by means of saddles resting on structures extended from existing columns. Where ever saddles can not be provided, U-clamps are used to hold pipe in position.


004. Large dia pipes are preferred to be supported by means of hangers mounted from

structure.

005. In specific cases where over head laying of pipeline is not possible, pipes may be laid under ground in channels. However, under ground laying of oxygen and acetylene pipeline and fuel gas pipeline shall be avoided. In case laid in channel then they should be covered with bed of sand.

Such pipes shall be supported on pedestals with clear spacing between pipes. 01. Generally smaller dia pipes are laid over large dia pipes/ducts with supporting

structures. Provided at definite intervals depending upon pipe sizes and their supporting spans

02. Always clearance between two consecutive pipes are provided all along the route.

These clearances are considered based on the following.

• Suitable to accommodate valves on both the lines. Mounting of valves and other equipment with flange connection are accommodated on pipelines.

• Clear space of 100-200 mm should be provided between – two consecutive

pipes. Table enclosed indicates the minimum distances to be maintained between pipelines.

03. Distances between large dia pipes/ducts (DN 500 & above) if laid parallel should be

such that minimum 1000 mm clear space all along the route between the pipes/ ducts shall be maintained. This is required for inspection & maintenance of the pipes / ducts and mounted equipment, valves, instruments, etc. there on.

CHAPTER -04

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS


Page 1 of 47

04.00 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 04.01 GENERAL

Guidelines for selection of pipe sizes, routing and layout of piping and selection of piping material are covered in Chapter 02,03 and 06 respectively. In addition to the above, following factors influence the designing of piping network for various fluids :

- Composition and properties of Fluid - Fluid flow rate - Max working pressure - Max. working temperature - In door / outdoor installations - Statutory regulations and clearance requirement, if any - Corrosive nature of fluid - Flammability and explosive nature of fluid

Considering the above factors recommendations described in subsequent clauses shall also be taken into account while designing the piping system

04.02 CONDENSATE DISPOSAL FOR FUEL GASES, COMPRESSED AIR &

STEAM PIPELINES

Fuel gases as well as other gasses contain moisture and other condensable impurities which get separated during fluid transportation through piping system, effective condensate removal system should be incorporated to prevent accumulation of condensate in pipes which otherwise may cause obstruction to proper gas flow and excess live load to the pipe/ structure. All piping for gasses containing moisture etc. like BF / Coke oven / BOF gas, Mixed gas, Compressed air, Steam & Natural gas are laid with gradient / slope. A slope of 5mm per meter run shall be provided for the above pipelines. In case of space constraint to accommodate slope, it may be reduced to 0.003 particularly for in shop piping. For straight length of pipeline, low / high points should be located generally at a distance 100 meters. However, in no case it should exceed 300 meters.

Condensate drain points shall be provided at all low points. In case of low pressure gas lines, automatic drainage system though seal pots shall be provided. For compressed air lines and steam lines, automatic condensate / steam traps shall be provided.

04.02.01 Condensate Drain Arrangement for Low Pressure Gases

i) Drainage should be provided at all the low points of gas pipes carrying moist gases for condensate removal. Disposal of condensate shall be through seal pots/ condensate drain installations.


Page 2 of 47

ii) Distance between any two drain points of a gas pipe within a radius of 100

meters from gas cleaning plant should not exceed 60 meters.

iii) Drainage system for outdoor gas networks should be located in open air with necessary accessibility for operation.

iv) Pipes for condensate removal from inter shop gas pipes of blast furnace gas in

a radius of 400 m from gas cleaning plant should be at least 80 mm diameter. For pipelines beyond 400 m and also for gas pipes for other moist gases, diameter of condensate removal pipes should not be less than 50 mm.

v) Separate seal pots shall be provided for different gasses. vi) Removal of condensate from branch line from inter shop gas pipe and inshop

gas pipe should be carried out in separate condensate seal pots. vii) Minimum height of the water seal in the condensate seal pot shall exceed the

maximum working pressure of gas by 500 mm, but this height in no case shall be lower than 2000 mm.

If necessary, the height of water seal can be increased by adding more than

one seal pot in series. However, number of such seal pots shall not exceed three. Further base plate of seal pot shall have minimum thickness of 16 mm.

While installing common seal pot for a number of gas pipe, height of water

seal should exceed by 500 mm the maximum working pressure in any of the connected gas pipe.

viii) Design of condensate seal pots should ensure protection against leakage of

harmful gases into building by providing vent of adequate height on the seal pot.

ix) Condensate seal pot shall be provided with purging facilities. x) Installation of condensate seal pot for inshop gas network is allowed inside

the buildings.

04.02.02 Condensate Drain Arrangement for Medium pressure / High pressures gas

i) Condensate disposal for gases having higher line pressure have to be done by

using adequate pressure seal pots. ii) In a high pressure seal pot the metallic float is utilized for disposal of

condensate and prevent leakage of gas from the pot.


Page 3 of 47

iii) The seal pot should be air tight and wall thickness should be decided on the line test pressure.

iv) Condensate coming out of seal pot should be discharged into phenolic

sewerage line or in a reservoir provided locally.

04.02.03 Steam Traps / Moisture Traps for Steam / Compressed air.

At low points in steam & compressed air pipeline steam traps / moisture traps with strainer assembly will be provided to drain out the condensate. Selection of steam trap shall be as per IPSS: 1-06-039 – 02. Installation of steam traps shall be as per IPSS: 1-06-037 – 01.

04.03 PURGING & VENTING SYSTEM FOR FUEL GASES

Piping system particularly piping for fuel gases is required to be purged with inert gas prior to charging of gas as well as during shut down before any maintenance job. System for feeding purge gas and venting of gas/ air from the piping system shall be provided for all fuel gas piping.

04.03.01 Purging

i) Gas pipelines of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, converter gas and mixed

gas shall be equipped with nitrogen or steam pipe connection with isolation valve . The connection of nitrogen or steam pipeline to the gas pipeline shall be done by means of flexible hose which shall be connected only during the period of purging.

ii) Location of purge gas inlet points and vents shall be such that entire section

of piping can be purged with minimum dead space. Purging points shall be provided at low points.

iii) Purging points shall not in any case be provided at bottom half of the gas

mains.

iv) Purge points for fuel gas pipes upto DN 950 mm shall be of minimum DN 25 mm same for pipes of DN 1000 mm & above shall be of minimum DN 50 mm.

04.03.02 Vents

i) Bleeder/vents shall be provided for purging / venting any section of the

pipeline. Bleeders shall be located generally at all high points in the piping system. Bleeder / vents shall also be provided at down stream / upstream of isolating devices & U-seals.


Page 4 of 47

ii) All vents shall discharge at a safe height into atmosphere. The vents shall be above the operating floor / platform for vent valve or roof of the building 4m, but not lower than 8 meters from the ground level. In the presence of the aeration monitors on the roof of the building, the vents shall be located so as to eliminate the possibility of purged gas getting inside the premises.

iii) On straight lengths bleeder/vent shall generally be provided at an interval of

100 meters. iv) All vents shall have T piece/cowl with bird screen preferably at the top. For

isolation of bleeder/vent pipe flanged gate valve of rising stem type shall be provided. Sampling points (DN 25) below isolation valve with lubricated taper plug valve shall be provided in the line to monitor gas samples at the time of purging.

v) Vent pipes of different gases shall not be connected through a common vent. vi) Recommended sizes of bleeder / vent pipes corresponding to gas pipe

diameter are indicated in Table – 04.01


Page 5 of 47

Table –04.01

RECOMMENDED SIZES OF BLEEDER / VENT PIPES

Bleeder pipe dia. DN (mm) Pipe dia DN

(mm) Low Pressure Fuel gas Natural gas/Corex Gas

20 - 20 25 - 20 40 - 20 50 50 20 65 50 20 80 50 20 100 50 20 150 50 25 200 50 25 250 50 25 300 50 25 400 80 50 500 80 50 600 80 50 700 100 80 800 100 80 900 100 80 1000 150 100 1100 150 100 1200 150 100 1300 150 150 1400 150 150 1500 200 150 1600 200 - 1800 200 - 2000 250 - 2200 250 - 2400 250 - 2500 250 - 2800 250 - 3000 250 - 3200 300 - 3500 300 -


Page 6 of 47

04.04 VALVES AND ISOLATING DEVICES FOR GAS & WATER SERVICES:-

Isolating devices shall be provided in piping system for isolation of pipe sections as well as for isolation of all other mounted accessories for the purpose of operation and maintenance. They shall be suitable for the service conditions in all respects and located suitably considering ease of operation and maintenance.

Isolation valves shall be provided at the following locations:

• On all pipe lines both at the source and at consumer ends • On all branch pipes to individual buildings and shops • On all bleeder / vent pipes, purge gas inlet points, drain points, sampling

connections, etc. • On all by-pass lines for large valve, regulators, filters, moisture traps etc. • Instrumentation tapping points.

Relocation of isolation valves on request of CLIENT may also be considered if

technically acceptable. Other types of valves required for piping system include the following:

• Check-valve on all pipelines requiring only unidirectional flow. • Quick acting shut-off valves on gas/ air lines to furnaces and heaters as

well as before each consumer or group of consumers. • Pressure regulating valves for all pressure reducing installations, gas

mixing stations and flow control system. 04.04.01 Selection of Isolating devices for Gas & Steam services:-

The gas cut-off arrangement shall ensure the possibility of complete cut-off gas along with fast and safe operation. Gate valves with rising stem shall be used normally for isolation in piping system. Pipe work for fuel gases such as Blast Furnace Gas, Coke Oven Gas, Converter Gas, Mixed Gas with low operating pressure shall have some means of gas tight isolation of sections of the pipe work to facilitate maintenance work. These may be water seals, goggle valves, spectacle blinds, or gas tight isolators / slide plate valves, etc.

For sections where the gas tight isolating device can not be provided, provision to insert blind flange at outlet of gate valve shall be made. Sectionalizing / isolation for purging of fuel gas lines may be done with Spectacle blinds.


Page 7 of 47

Gas tight butterfly valves may be used for isolation near consumption points requiring frequent and quick operation. These can be valves with gas tight seating or eccentric valves for gas tight isolation. Emergency quick shut off valves shall also be double eccentric butterfly valves. For fluid lines with working pressure over 16 kg/cm2 (g), valves of DN 300 and above shall be provided with by-pass arrangement or depressurisation arrangement for pipe sections.

04.04.02 Selection of Actuators for Isolating devices for Gas services:-

Manually operated shut-off gate valves of size DN 300 to DN 450 for low pressure lines shall have gear drive. For high pressure lines, gear operator shall be provided as per manufacturer’s recommendations for limiting the operating torque to acceptable limits. Gate Valves of size DN 500 and above shall be provided with electric actuators. Electric actuators for fuel gas lines shall be of flame proof design if located in gas zone/inshop. In the interplant area these actuators need not be flame proof. Position and torque limit switches shall be provided on actuators. Manual over ride shall also be available in actuators. Goggle valves shall have electrical actuators for disc/ plate movement and electro hydraulic drive for flange separation. Manual arrangement for valve operation shall also be provided with gear and chain operation from convenient location. The hydraulic power pack for the valve shall include one motorized pump and one manual pump. Encased design goggle valve with vent should be used at locations closed to buildings. Electrically operated gate valves for gas pipelines of smaller diameter are recommended to be used only if they are incorporated in the automation scheme.

All valves located remotely, requiring frequent operation and / or with automatic control shall be provided with electric drives, electro- pneumatic drive, solenoids etc.

04.05 OTHER FLOW COMPONENTS FOR GAS / STEAM SERVICE:- 04.05.01 Check Valves

Check valves are used in piping system where unidirectional flow is required check valves can also used for stopping flow reversal incase of sudden stoppage of fluid flow like in the pump discharge. For small size pipes below DN 50, lift check valves are used. For DN 50 and above, swing check valves or dual plate check valve are used. Lift check valves can used only in horizontal pipeline it should not be used in vertical pipeline. For low pressure gas lines dual plate check valve are most suitable.


Page 8 of 47

04.05.02 Pressure Regulating Valves

Irrespective of specified variations in upstream pressure, these shall maintain a reduced constant pressure on the downstream side of pipelines on which they are mounted. The valve shall be of globe / needle type, with material specifications, dimensional standards etc. as per the relevant piping Material Specification(PMS) for the service for which the valve is intended. Self actuated pressure regulators shall be used for pressure reduction in service piping. Spring loaded pilot operated regulators shall be used. In case precision control of pressure is required. Dome loaded regulators with additional pilot spring loaded regulator for pressurizing the dome may be used. For pressure regulators, maximum and minimum available pressure upstream of regulator and desired range of outlet pressure with maximum flow rate shall be specified. For process lines where continuous regulation/ control of pressure or flow is required, control valves shall be used.

001 For Compressed Air

Pressure regulators of sizes up to DN 50 shall be complete with a prefilter having 40

micron porous bronze filtering element in shatterproof plastic or glass container, pressure regulator and pressure relief arrangement to prevent overpressure at downstream of the regulator.

For higher sizes to meet larger flow rates, the pressure regulator shall be self

actuating type as per manufactures standards, but capable of meeting the service conditions and duty specified.

002 For Steam

For sizes up to DN 50, pressure reducing valves of single seated diaphragm type

having in-built strainer, with screwed ends up to DN 20 for PN 10 and below and flanged ends for higher sizes and for higher PN. Body of main and pilot valves shall be of carbon steel / alloy steel castings / forging, diaphragms shall be of stainless steel, internal springs of stainless steel and pressure adjustment springs of spring steel.

For higher sizes to meet larger flow rates, the pressure reducing valves shall be as per

manufactures standards, but capable of meeting the service conditions and duty specified.

003 For Other Gases

For dry air, nitrogen and argon the pressure reducing valves shall be of stainless steel. For oxygen service, the valve shall be of bronze construction and shall be degreased and cleaned to meet the service requirements.


Page 9 of 47

For acetylene and LP gas services, the pressure regulators shall have material for the service. For acetylene, the materials of construction shall not have copper in excess of 70% by composition. (Refer IGC code).

Pressure regulators for large diameter gas lines shall comprise butterfly type valves actuated by means of an oil hydraulic control system, which is actuated in turn by changes in the preset downstream pressure through impulse pipe work.

04.05.03 Pressure Relief Valves

These shall be spring loaded type and shall automatically open when the pressure on the pipelines, on which they are mounted, exceed preset values. The valves shall have end connections and materials specified for throttling valves in relevant PMS.

Relief / Safety valves for steam service shall have IBR certification. Relief valves

shall have hand wheel / wrench for adjustment of preset value of relief pressure. Pressure relief valves shall always be used on outlet lines from the pressure reducing valves. Pressure relief valves shall be designed for full flow rate from pressure regulators. Set pressure shall be 10 % higher than the maximum working pressure at outlet of regulator.

04.05.04 Filters

Filters are installed in piping system before the pressure regulators/ control valves and at consumer points depending on nature of fluid and technological requirements. For small size pipes below DN 50, Y-type strainers with sintered/ wire mesh cartridge may be used. For higher sizes, straight line mounted filters with removable cartridge shall be used. Filter element can be of wire mesh, sintered material, woven fibers or other suitable type as per process requirement. Filtration area shall be at least 500% of the inlet cross section area. Full flow rate, maximum working pressure, micron rating, allowable pressure drop, material of body and mesh shall be specified.


Page 10 of 47

04.05.05 Safety Shut-Off Valves

These shall shut-off in case the pressure on the upstream side of the valve becomes less than preset values. The valves shall be of globe type for DN 50 and below and butterfly type for sizes above DN 50; the material shall be suitable for service conditions. The valves shall be actuated by electromagnetic or pneumatic device working in conjunction with pressure switches located on the pipelines being safeguarded and shall include all components required for its functioning.

04.05.06 Flash back arrestor

In acetylene piping, flashback arrestors shall be provided at the outlet of cylinder manifold system and at each consumer point. Flash back arrestor prevents travel of shock wave due to detonation/ deflagration in piping system. Dry type arrestors with packed cartridge shall be used. Number of arrestors in parallel may be used to take care of flow requirement.

04.05.07 Electrical continuity

Metallic electro static jumpers shall be provided at all locations on all flanged in case of flammable gases and oxygen. This is to prevent accumulation of static electricity in pipe sections. Piping system shall be suitably earth at a regular length of pipeline.

04.06 MEASURING AND CONTROL DEVICES FOR GAS SERVICES:-

Instrumentation and control devices are required for monitoring the fluid distribution system, regulation of pressure and flow.

Flow measurement shall be provided at battery limit of all production and consuming units, inlet/ outlet piping of storage installations, on surplus gas bleeder piping to flare system etc. When orifice plates are used, proper care shall be taken in piping layout for preventing accumulation of condensate by providing suitable slope or drain system. Requirement of straight length upstream and downstream of flow sensors shall be maintained as per instrumentation requirements. Normally the straight length recommended is 10 times pipe dia before inlet and 5 times pipe dia after outlet of device.

Pressure measurement shall be provides at battery limits of production and consumer units, at outlet of storage systems, inlet and outlet of pressure regulators/ controllers, etc. Temperature measurement is provided at piping from gas cleaning plants and near consumer installations. Pressure and Flow Control valves are provided at gas mixing stations, main pressure regulating stations, flare stack piping, inlet/ outlet piping of storage installations (gas holders). For low pressure gas lines, butterfly type control valves are used. For high


Page 11 of 47

pressure gases, globe valves may be used. Sizing of control valves is based on flow rate and pressure parameters. In most cases, the control valve size is lower than the main pipe size. Suitable reducers/ expanders shall be provided at inlet/ outlet of the control valves. In case of piping with possibility of condensate accumulation, eccentric reducers shall be used.

04.07 WATER PIPELINES VALVES 001 Gate Valve:-

Gate valves are used for isolating or scouring of pipeline. They seal well under high pressure and when fully open, offer little resistance to fluid flow. Sluice valves are not intended to be used for continuous throttling, as erosion of the seats and body cavitation may occur. If small flow are required the by pass, valve is more suitable for this duty.

002 Butterfly Valve:- Butterfly valves are used to regulate and stop the flow especially in large size conduits. They

are sometimes cheaper than sluice valve for larger sizes and occupy less space. Butterfly valves with no sliding parts have the advantages of ease of operation, compact size, reduced chamber or valve house and improved closing and retarding characteristics. They would involve slightly higher head loss than sluice valve and also are not suitable for continuous throttling.

003. Globe valve:- Globe valve have a circular seal connected axially to a vertical spindle and hand wheel. The

seating is a ring perpendicular to the pipe axis. The flow changes direction through 900 twice thus resulting in high head losses. These valves are normally used in small bore pipe work and as taps, although variation is used as a control valve.

004. Check valves:- Check valves, also culled non-return valve or reflux valve, automatically prevent reversal of

flow in a pipeline. They are particularly used in delivery line of pump to prevent back flow when pump shut down.

Dual plate check valves employ two spring loaded plates hinged on a central hinge pin, when

the flow decreases, the plates close by torsion spring action without requiring reverse flow. As compared to conventional swing check valve which operates on mass movement, the Dual plate check valve are provided with accurate by designed and tested torsion springs to suit the varying flow condition.

005. Pressure Reducing Valves:- These are used to automatically maintain a reduced pressure within reasonable limits in the

downstream side of the pipeline. This type of valve is always in movement and requires scheduled maintenance on a regular basis.


Page 12 of 47

006. Pressure Sustaining Valves:- Pressure sustaining valves are similar in design and construction to pressure reducing valves

and are used to maintain automatically the pressure on the upstream side of the pipeline. 007. Pressure Relief Valve:-

These valves are provided in one or more summits of the conveyance main to keep the pressure in the line below given value by causing water to flow to waste when the pressure builds up beyond the design value. Usually they are spring or weight loaded and are not sufficiently responsive to rapid fluctuations of pressure to be used as surge protection device.

008 Ball Float Valves:- Ball float valves are used to maintain a constant level in a service reservoir or elevated water

tank. The equlibrium type of valve is the most effective and it is designed to ensure that the forces on each side of the piston are nearly balanced

009. Air Release Valve:- Air release valves are designed specifically to vent, automatically and when necessary, air

accumulations from lines in which water is flowing such accumulations of air tend to collect at high points in pipeline. Air which accumulates such peaks, reduces the useful cross sectional area of the pipe and therefore induce a friction head factor that lowers the pumping capacity of the entire line. The use of air release valve eliminates the possibility of this air binding and permits the flow of water without damage to pipeline.

010. Air Inlet Valve:- In the design and operation of large steel pipeline, where gravity flow occurs, consideration

must be given to the possibility of collapse in case the internal pressure as deduced below that of atmosphere. To prevent the pipe from collapsing, air inlet valves are used at critical points.

Air inlet valves should be installed at peaks in the pipeline, both relative to the horizontal

and relative to the hydraulic gradient. 011. Needle and Cane Valves:- Needle and cone valves are more expensive that gate and butterfly valves but are well suited

throttling of flow. They have a gradual throttling action as they close. They are resistant to wear even at high flow velocities. The method of sealing is to push an axial needle or spear shaped cone into seat.

The needle and cone valve are not commonly used in water supply but are occasionally used

as water hammer release valve when coupled to an electric or hydraulic actuator.


Page 13 of 47

012. Ball Valve Ball valves are normally used as quarter turn positive shut off valves. These valves offers

minimum resistance to the flow. These valves are generally considered for throttling and flow control. Small size ball valves are used for instrument isolation e.g pressure gauges, pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, pressure switch etc. Based on body construction the valves can be classified as Single piece, two piece, three piece, the short pattern & the long pattern etc.

013. Plug Valve. Plug valves like ball valves, are quarter turn positive shutoff valves. Two major types of plug

valves are in use. They are the lubricated metal seated plug valves. These valves can have flanged, butt welded, screwed or socket weld. Plug valves are available in two way, three way and four way depends upon their application in water distribution lines. Plug valves are used as shutoff and flow control valves.

014. Foot Valve. Foot valves are a sort of non-return valves with strainers mounted at the open and of the

pump suction pipe lines. There valves are used when the pump has negative suction. The check action of the valve .. the priming fluid & the pump while the pumps are filled before starting. The suction strainer help to hold the solids while the pump is sucking the fluid.

015. …… Gate Valve These are single seated valve used for slurry services. Being single seated valve, it can be

used for only unidirectional operations. The edge of the gate is happed to shear the solids and the seal is used to keep the solids away from entering the space between the plates when open and to clean the sliding blade when it retracts.

016. Diaphram Valve Diaphragm valves are mainly used for low pressure corrosive services as shutoff valves

These can also be used as control valves. Here, the diaphragm moves up and down to operate the valve. The valve body can be lined or lined. Lining material is selected to suit the corrosive nature of the service fluid there are two type of diaphragm valves available. They are weir type and straight flow type. The weir type is popularly know as ‘ Saunders’ type diaphragm valve. The use of these valves is restricted as they can withstand a maximum operating pressure of 7 to 10 kg/cm2. The damage the diaphragm occurs and hence thee maintenance is more frequent. Diaphragm valves are mainly used in DM water plant and chemical dosing lines.


Page 14 of 47

04.08 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY.

All Pipe work shall be designed to provide sufficient flexibility against thermal expansion to prevent development of undesirable forces and moments at points of connection to equipment, at anchorage or at guide points. As far as possible flexibility shall be provided by planning route with change of direction or by the use of bends, loops or off-sets.. Whenever self-compensation can not be achieved by pipe routing, provision for thermal expansion shall be made by providing expansion loops or expansion joints as per following criteria :

• U loops shall be provided for all low pressure fuel gas piping up to DN

300 size and high pressure piping for all sizes.

• For low pressure fuel gas piping, disc type expansion joints (compensators) shall be provided for pipes of DN 300 and above.

• Stuffing box type Gland Compensators shall be used on low pressure coke

oven gas lines.

• For high pressure piping, where U-loop is not possible, bellow type expansion joint may be provided. Bellow type compensators may also be provided in low pressure gas lines in case movement is in two planes (axial & angular)

While locating the expansion joints following guidelines should be followed:

• Disc / bellow compensators should be located preferably in the center of two fixed points.

• U-Compensators should be located in between two fixed points with

variation in pipe lengths in the ratio of 1:2 (max).

• Gland Compensators are located near the fixed supports to facilitate smooth functioning.

• Disc, bellow and gland compensators shall have flanged connection with

pipes

04.08.01 U-loop Compensator U-loops shall be provided in piping system using elbows/ bends as per piping material specification.


Page 15 of 47

U-loops shall be in horizontal plane and loops for many pipes running in parallel may be provided at same location parallel to each other. Loops shall be in the same plane as the pipe route. However, in some cases, where there may be obstruction due to other parallel pipes, U-loop plane may be raised to clear the pipes by providing bends. Loops in vertical plane can be provided in exceptional cases if horizontal loop is not possible due to layout considerations. Provision shall be made in piping for draining of condensate, venting, etc. Height and width of expansion loops (U-loop) for various diameter of pipes can be taken from respective nomograms enclosed as Annexure - A

04.08.02 Disc Compensator

Disc compensator is made by fabrication using sheets/ plates. Care shall be taken to ensure that thickness of compensating disc does not exceed the design thickness during manufacture. Depending on total displacement required, single or double disc compensators may be used. In no case compensators shall have more than three discs. Internal sleeve shall be provided for draining of condensate. In case continuous drainage system is provided at disc location itself, internal sleeve is not to be provided.

04.08.03 Bellow Compensator

Bellow type expansion joints are made from SS sheet and can be single or multi layer with number of convulations. Depending on the application, bellow type compenstor may be selected from the following types: a) Axial Compensator

Axial compensators are used in place where there is no deflection of pipe in

transverse direction such compensators can take care of axial deflection (elongation / contraction) through it’s convolutes.

b) Pressure Balanced Expansion joint

A pressure-balanced elbow is used in application where transfer of excessive

thrust to anchors or adjacent equipment due to internal pressure is not desirable. The design comprises a combination of bellows with tie rods to absorb axial motion while restraining pressure thrust.

c) Hinged expansion joint


Page 16 of 47

Hinged expansion joints are used to absorb angular movement when the movement occurs in one plane only.

d) Universal expansion joint Universal expansion joints are used to take care of both axial & lateral

deflection in pipes.

04.08.04 Loads due to Compensators Loads on anchor points due to bellow compensators are considered based on the feed back from supplier / manufacturer. Such loads depend upon number of convolutes and number of plies and their thickness.

04.09 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR OXYGEN PIPING

Filters should be installed in the oxygen pipeline system at the following points:

a) At the outlet of the oxygen plant. b) Upstream of components having soft seating in contact with the oxygen

stream e.g. pressure regulator and control valves. c) Upstream of components that have moving parts in contact with the oxygen

stream e.g. flow measuring and limiting devices.

Provision shall be made for safe and easy access for frequent cleaning and / or replacement of the filter element. The larger capacity filters like (a) above should be provided with differential pressure gauge for monitoring the condition and providing indication for cleaning / replacement of the filter element. The filter bodies shall preferably be of copper alloy or stainless steel and filter element of copper alloy or glass cloth suitably earthed to the filter body with copper wires.

Two (2) or more pressure relief valves should be provided downstream of each set of pressure reducing valves. One or more main relief valve(s) should be capable of discharging 100% of the full oxygen flow and limiting the pressure within the defined limits. The secondary relief valve should be sized to discharge the nominal leakage from the pressure reducing valves. The relief valves should be positioned as close as possible to the pressure reducing valves. The vent lines from the relief valves should be preferably of stainless steel or copper.

Consideration should be given to providing of small size pressure equalisation bypass isolation valves across large diameter isolation valves in large pipeline systems so as to ensure safe pressurization of the downstream pipeline. Sonic velocities may occur during the initial stages of valve opening with possibility of high velocity transport of material / dirt particles in the system. If the valve opening action is rapid, there is also a possibility adiabatic compression and heating of the oxygen specially if additional


Page 17 of 47

closed valves exist downstream. The bypass pipe work and valve should be of copper or copper alloy.

Fire break sections may be installed in the oxygen pipeline to limit the propagation of

combustion in a steel pipeline. Fire break sections may be introduced immediately downstream of the main isolation and throttling valves where the velocities can be high. The fire break section will be either a length of copper pipe having the same inside diameter as the main pipe with flanges fitted at the two ends which is installed between the steel pipes or a copper insert tube made from copper sheet / tube and inserted inside the steel pipe downstream of the valves. The copper insert tube is generally used in large diameter steel pipelines.

In steel pipelines care should be taken to install isolation valves on straight sections

of the pipeline. Any pipeline component which is likely to cause a change in the flow pattern like reducer, bend, tee or “Y” connection, orifice plate etc. should be at a distance of at least four diameters away from the valve.

For cleaning of the gaseous oxygen pipelines after erection, provision for “pigging” will be provided for pipelines having diameters upto DN 200. However, if the pipeline is pickled and phosphated as per approved procedure, pigging of pipelines is not essential. The bends on these pipelines will have a radius of 5 DN. DN 250 and above, extra care will have to be taken regarding cleanliness of these pipeline during installation. For line sizes DN 250 and above the bends will have a radius of 3 DN.

Gaseous oxygen pipe work shall preferably have butt welded pipe joints. To reduce

safety hazards the number of components should be kept to a minimum compatible with the system requirements. Flange joints are to be used only for connection of the pipe to the system components on the pipe work. Threaded joints and couplings should be sparingly used.

04.10 Piping system shall be designed with high degree of reliability so that the systems

perform the duty of fluid handling without structural or functional failure under most adverse condition of plant operation anticipated. All piping systems shall be designed with sufficient corrosion and stress margins to ensure a life time without failure, not less than the life of the plant. 7000 complete cycle of operation shall be considered for stress analysis purpose. Piping system shall not impose reactions on equipment terminals exceeding permissible limits even under adverse operating conditions. Personnel injury from discharge of hot fluids from drains, steam traps, hot pipes or exposures to pipe vibrations shall be guarded against.

01. Pipes shall be sized for minimum pressure drops and considering the velocity limitation for various types of fluids.

02. Adequate flexibility shall be provided in the pipelines to keep stresses and

reactions in the system arising due to thermal expansion or other effects within limits. Where the piping terminates at an equipment or at the terminal point of a


Page 18 of 47

system, the reactions and thermal movement imposed by piping on the equipment or the system concerned shall be well within the limits specified.

03. If cold springing of pipleline is used, care shall be taken in determining the

location and amount of cold spring gap. Cold spring gap shall be located at points where the bending and torsional moments are minimum. Use of cold spring gaps less than 10mm shall not be acceptable and cold spring gaps above 100mm shall be avoided. All outdoor piping exposed to sunlight carrying fluid at a temperature less than 800C shall be designed considering thermal expansion corresponding to 800C and empty pipe as one of the operating conditions although not necessarily the worst.

04. All piping shall have butt welded connections with minimum of flanged joints for connection to vessels and equipment to facilitate erection and maintenance. All high pressure steam valves and accessories shall have welded connections. Standard fittings shall be used wherever practicable. Unless otherwise specified, for all welded lines with pressure above 4 kg/cm2 g and / or temperature above 2000C, branch connections with branch sizes upto 25% of welded mains shall be made with special forged steel welded fittings.

05. Bends for pipes for oxygen service shall have a radius of not less than three times

the nominal pipe dia unless otherwise specified. 06. In general pipes having size 50mm and above, are to be joined by butt welding

and 40mm below by socket welding / screwed connection. Threaded joints shall have to be seal welded except for galvanized pipes where Teflon sealing tapes shall be used. For galvanized pipeline, pipe joints which are to be made before galvanising shall be of welding type. Those joints which are to be made after galvanising shall be either flanged or screwed type. As far as practicable, whole fabricated piping assemblies shall be galvanized at a time in order to minimize the number of joints to be made after galvanising.

07. All pipelines shall be provided with drain connections, generally at the lowest point for removing accumulated condensate or water and line draining. The drains piping shall have drain pockets and isolation valves. Trap stations shall be provided where necessary. Lines shall be given proper slope towards the drain points. Drip legs on mainson line dia 150mm or over shall be at least 75% of the main dia with a depth twice the dia of the main or 600mm minimum from the centre line of the main to the trap off take unless otherwise specified. Drip legs on mains smaller than dia 150mm shall be full dia of the line. All drip legs for fluids which may deposit undesirable liquid or solid matter shall have full dia flanges for the bottom cover.

08. Pipe supports, anchors, restraints - In general pipe supports, restraints, braces or anchors shall be located at those

points in the building or outdoor where provision has been made for the loads imposed. Loads at the supporting points or restraints shall be determined sufficiently early and provisions shall be made in the building or outdoor structures for pipe supports. The Tenderer shall locate, design, supply and erect


Page 19 of 47

all the supplementary steel structures to properly secure and support all pipe hangers, supports, restraints, etc.

- Provision shall be made for support of piping which may be disconnected during

maintenance work. All large pipes and all long pipes shall have at least two supports each arranged in such a way that any length of piping or valve may be removed without any additional supports being required.

- Supports, guides and anchors shall be so designed that excessive heat is not

transmitted to the building steel. Supporting steel shall be of structural quality. Perforated, strap, wire or chain shall not be used. Support components shall be connected to support steel by welding, bolting or clamps. Bolt holes shall be drilled and not gas cut. Structural steel work for supporting shall be designed on the basis of a maximum design stress of 1265 kg/cm2. Pipe attachments coming in direct contact with pipes having surface temperature above 4000C shall be made of alloy steel. Use of insulating materials like asbestos between pipe clamp and pipe surface to meet the above temperature limitation shall not be permitted. The maximum spacing between two consecutive supports shall be not more than as specified. Pipe hangers and supports shall be capable of supporting the pipelines under all conditions of operation. They shall be capable of supporting the pipelines under all conditions of operation. They shall allow expansion and contraction without over stressing the piping system or overloading the terminal equipment due to variation in supporting effort. Rigid supports or hangers shall be permitted only for pipes with small movements. For hot lines, spring hangers shall be used. The maximum permissible load variation on the terminals of sensitive equipment between hot and cold conditions shall be limited to 6%. Variability in load between hot and cold conditions expressed as a percentage of the design load shall be taken as the criteria for spring selection for spring hangers. Variable spring hanger shall be set at cold conditions so that they take design load under operating condition after the designed thermal expansion has taken place.

Spring shall be encased in suitable cages and the hangers shall be provided with spring locking arrangement, external load and movement indicator and turn buckles for load adjustment. All the rigid hangers shall be provided with turn buckles for vertical length adjustments. Hangers rods shall be subjected and designed for tensile loads. At locations of high axial or lateral movement, suitable arrangement shall be provided to permit the swing. The swing from vertical position shall be within 40. Double nuts and locknuts shall be used for hanger rods and bolts in all cases. Hangers shall be designed so that they can not become disengaged by movements of supported pipe.

- The supporting structures at each support points shall be designed for the highest

of the following loads to take into account the extra load during hydraulic testing.

- 1.25 times the maximum load under operating condition - Weight of pipelines full of water (combined weight of pipe, insulation, valve

attachment etc. plus weight of water)


Page 20 of 47

- Weight pipeline full of water as above plus any cold reaction as anticipated.

- Where the piping system is subjected to shock loads such as thrust imposed by the actuation of safety valves, hanger design shall include provision of shock absorbing devices of approved design. Vibration control devices shall be part of piping system design.

- Outdoor piping shall be designed with due consideration to expansion resulting

from exposure to sunlight and care shall be taken to prevent progressive movement of long pipelines. Outdoor piping may be supported on shoes, saddles or steel sections. Effect of support friction especially for large dia pipelines shall be considered and friction forces minimized by suitable arrangement. Piping inside the trenches shall be supported at intervals on steel sections and the arrangement shall permit easy maintenance.

09 Valves and specialties

- All valves shall be of approved make and type. All valves shall be suitable for service condition i.e. flow, pressure and temperature under which they are required to operate. The valves for high and medium steam service shall have butt welded ends unless otherwise approved and the internal dia shall be same as that of the pipes to be joined.

- All gate/ sluice, globe and needle valve shall be fitted with outside screwed

spindles and bolted type glands and covers. Spindle glands shall be of the bridge type construction and screwed glands will not be accepted. All high pressure valves having nominal dia more than 150mm, shall have integral steam bypasses concede to the valve body by means of welded joints.

- All gate/sluice, globe and needle valve shall be provided with hand wheel and

position indicator. The face of each hand wheel shall be clearly marked with words “open” and “shut” with arrows to indicate the direction of rotation to which each refers. Arrangement limiting the travel of any valve in the “open” or “shut” position shall be provided exterior to the valve body. All globe valves shall be designed to prevent erosion of valve seats when the valves are operated partially opened. Valves which cannot be operated from the floor or walkways, shall be provided with suitable extension rods and linkages to facilitate operation from the floor or walkways. Chain operation will not be accepted for steam valves. Stems shall preferably be arranged vertically with gland at the top. In no circumstances must the gland be at the bottom. Valves shall not be installed in an inverted position. The design of valves shall be such that it will permit packing of glands under pressure. Where required, valve spindles shall be extended so that the hand wheel is at a height of about 1.0m above the level of the floor or platform from where the valves are to be operated. Where required, they shall be provided with head stocks and pedestals of rigid construction and where gears or bevel wheels are used, these shall be of cast steel or suitable grade cast iron with machine cut teeth.


Page 21 of 47

- Non return valves on all pumps discharges and steam line shall be of an approved non slamming type. Draining arrangement shall be made on both sides of the horizontal non-return valve where such a valve adjoins an isolating valve. Valve bodies shall be provided with removable access cover to enable the internal parts to be examined without removing the valves. Valves shall have a permanent “arrow” inscription on its body to indicate direction of flow.

- Gate sluice valves for low pressure service shall be outside screw rising spindle

type. For these valves wherever necessary, chain operator shall be provided to operate the valve from the floor or walkways. Larger size gate valves for low pressure applications shall be provided with bypass and draining arrangement and valves with dia more than 350mm shall be provided with gear operator. For low pressure water applications, the non-return valves shall be lift check type for size upto DN 50mm and swing check type for higher sizes.

- Valves in corrosive service shall be diaphragm or rubber lined type. Diaphragm

shall be of reinforced rubber and rubber lining of body shall have minimum thickness of 3mm. Generally plug valves shall be used in compressed air line. Plug valves shall be supplied with wrench operator. Valves shall be of taper plug type. Sampling valves for demineralised water shall be of cock type and stainless steel AISI 316.

- For motor operated valve, a 415V, 3 phase, 50Hz reversible speed motor shall be

furnished. Motor shall be capable of producing not less than 1.5 times the required operator torque. Each operator shall be equipped with two adjustable limit and torque switch for both open and closed position. The motor shall be of high torque low starting current. Each operator shall be provided with auxiliary hand wheel for manual operation. The hand wheel shall automatically disengage when the operator is energized.

- Manual operator shall be of worm and gear type, having permanently lubricated,

totally enclosed gearing with hand wheel diameter and gear ratio designed to meet the required operating torque. The operator shall be designed to hold the disc in any intermediate position between full opened & full closed without creeping and fluttering. Adjustable stop shall be built into the operator to prevent over travel in either direction. Operator shall be equipped with direct coupled position indicator and suitable locking device.

- Pressure reducing valves shall be perfectly stable, quiet and vibration less in

operation when reducing the pressure for any throughput upto maximum and shall be suitable for continuous use at operating temperature. Valves shall be designed to prevent erosion of the valve seats. Safety valves shall be the direct spring loaded type and shall have a tight, positive and precision closing. All the safety valves shall be provided with manual lifting lever. Valves used for compressible fluids shall be of pop type. Safety valve shall be so constructed and adjusted to permit the fluid to escape without increasing the pressure beyond 10% above the set blow off pressure. Valve shall reset at a pressure not less than 2.5% and more than 5% the set pressure.


Page 22 of 47

- The seat and disc of safety valves shall be of suitable material to resist erosion.

The seat of valves shall be fastened to the body of valve in such away that there is no possibility of seat lifting.

10.Fabrication and installation of pipe work - Pipe joints shall be assembled with the inside of all pipes and fittings smooth,

clean and free from burrs, scale, welding slag, sand and dirt. The inside edges of pipe and tubing shall be reamed after cutting to remove burrs. Screw threads shall conform to ANSI B 2.1 for taper pipe threads. All the threaded joints shall be made up with a lubricant or compound suitable for the service under which the piping is to be used.

- Welded joints shall conform to “Code for pressure piping ANSI B31 1.0 (power

piping) or approved equivalent, except where the welding of such joints is covered by other code requirements such as IBR, ASME pressure vessel and boiler code or approved equivalent.

- Branches shall in generally be formed by welding standard fittings. Pipe bends

and tees shall be truly cylindrical and of uniform sections. Where permitted for certain services, elbows or branch connections may be formed from steel pipe. Unless otherwise agreed, slip-on welding flanges shall be used on pipe and for connection to low pressure equipment. Welded neck flanges shall be used for butt welding fitting as elbows, tees and reducers and for connection to high pressure equipment. Where class 125 ANSI flanges are bolted to 150 ANSI steel fittings, the 1.5mm raised face on the steel flange shall be removed. When bolting such flanges, a full face gasket shall be used. Equipment terminal flanges if consist of a different standard, a suitable companion flange shall have to be provided at the connecting points.

- Flange drilling shall straddle the natural centre line of pipe. Faces of all flanges

shall be 900 to the longitudinal axis of the pipe to which they are attached. Slip-on flange when used, shall be welded in accordance with ANSI B31.1 or any other equivalent code. If distorted after welding, the flange shall be refaced. In all cases, flange faces, must be free from particles of weld metal. The flange face and the pipe projecting end shall then be machined to permit both pipe and flange to bear against.

11. All welding by the electric arc and gas welding process for pipe joints and

fabrication shall be done by qualified welders and done according to appropriate IBR, ANSI code / regulations as applicable for welding, subject to accompanying code regulations and standards for filler metal, pressure, temperature and fluid carried. The ends of pipe and welding fittings shall be beveled according to the details shown in ANSI B31.1 or equivalent. All welds shall be made in such a manner that complete fusion and penetration are obtained without an excessive amount of filler metal beyond the root area. The reinforcement shall be applied in such a manner that it will have a smooth contour merging gradually with the surface of adjacent pipe and welded fittings.


Page 23 of 47

04.11 Fire water pipeline

- Pipes shall be provided on the ring main concept where the number of landing valves installed on the pipe are more than five, In other cases (where the ring main is not possible and the pipes terminate with dead ends) the size of the branch pipes and the number of landing valves installed shall be as follows:

Number of landing valves

Pipe dia

1 80 mm Upto 3 100 mm Upto 5 150 mm

Flexible rubber lined hoses (with circular woven jacket) alongwith necessary couplings, branch pipe with nozzle etc. shall be housed in a hose box or cabinet placed one for every landing valve. The hose box shall be provided with breakable glass cover and shall be hung near the landing valves in an easily accessible position.

04.12 Underground water pipelines

Water pipelines outside any shop building or between two shop buildings may be buried underground. Gravity flow drainage pipes shall also be buried wherever necessary. However slurry pipeline under pressure shall be laid in covered trenches or tunnels. Buried pipelines shall be laid with 0.5 to 1.0 m gap between outside of pipes, minimum earth cover of 800 mm and minimum clearance from other underground structure of 1.0 m. Pipe laying shall be done using the relevant Indian Standard codes and practices specially the following: IS : 5822 : laying of welded steel pipes for water supply All pressure pipes shall be provided with a nominal slope and the gravity pipes shall be provided with slopes for self cleansing velocity. Manholes shall be provided on the gravity pipe lines at every point of change of direction of stope. The manholes shall be made of concrete with cast iron hatch and cover and rungs for approach to the bottom. Valve on underground water pipeline shall be installed in concrete valve pits with proper removable cover of cast iron and proper drainage arrangement for the pit.


Page 24 of 47

Pipe crossing a railway track or road shall be protected by encasing in concrete or by laying it inside another encasing pipe of steel having a diameter two sizes higher than the main pipe.

Buried steel pipes shall be painted and coated as per IS:10221 “ Insulation of underground pipes.”

04.13. SLURRY WATER PIPELINE:-

FACTORS AFFECTING SLURRY WATER PIPELINE DESIGN:

1. Specific gravity of solids 2. Size and shape of particles 3. Density of conveying medium 4. concentration of solids 5. Liquid viscosity 6. Slurry viscosity 7. Flow rate 8. Slope & Roughness of pipes 9. Corrosion & erosion factors.

CRITICAL SETTLING VELOCITY (VC) The critical velocity at which a bed of particles begins to form is known as critical settling velocity Deposition velocity increases

- Increase in particle size - Solids concentration - Particle density - Increase in pipe diameter

Design velocity > Critical settling velocity Warman’s Recommendations = Design velocity should be 30% higher than Vc Calculation of Critical Settling velocity DURAND”S EQUATION


Page 25 of 47

Vc = FL ( 2gD x (s-s1) / s1)1/2

Where, Vc = Critical settling Velocity FL = Froude constant D = internal dia of pipe = OD – 2t S = Sp.gravity of dry solids S1 = Sp.gravity of media. FL depends upon particle size & volumetric concentration of slurry. SINCLAIR’S EQUATION Vc = FL ( 2gD x (s-s1) / s1)1/2 (d/D)1/6

Where, d = d50 = Average particle size This is for lean slurry. Density of slurry, ρm = 100/((cw/ρs) + (100-cw)) / ρw) Where, cw = Concentration by weight ρs = Sp.gravity of dry solids ρw = Sp.gravity of flow medium For BF – GCP slurry ρm = 1.083 (ρs =4.3) When, concentration is 10% Concentration by volume = cw . ρm / ρs For BF GCP slurry, When cw = 10% ρm = 1.083


Page 26 of 47

04.14 CORROSION PROTECTION OF UNDERGROUND BURIED M.S PIPES

FOR WATER SERVICES:- Buried steel pipes are liable to external corrosion and therefore need to be protected

by the use of suitable coating. Steel pipes may be coated with any of the following methods as per the decision of the Purchaser.

Types of Coating:-

i) Coat Tar enamel and fire glass polyester tissues in accordance with IS:10221.

ii) Corrosion Protection Tapes in accordance with IS:10221.

iii) Concrete lining as IS:1916 or Gunniting.

When the pipe is coated / wrapped before laying / putting into ground trench, the

same should be made continuous after laying. After wrapping and coating individual pipe piece shall be tested in accordance with IS : 10221.

Flanges shall be cleaned and are to be protected by plastic strips, bitumen strip and by pouring anticorrosive material. i) Cleaning of the external surface Pipe surface shall be thoroughly cleaned and dried before the primer is applied. The pipe surface shall be free of dirt, grease, oil, rust, scale and other foreign material. Pipe surface shall be cleaned by any of the methods. • Grit / shot blasting • Stand blasting • Mechanical cleaning by pneumatic wire brush. All oil and grease material shall be removed by suitable solvent and then surface cleaned by clear rag. ii) Coating of Primer The cleaned surface have to be immediately applied the coating of primer. Three types of primer are generally used i.e. (a) Coal Tar Primer (b) Asphaltic primer (c) Synthetic primer.


Page 27 of 47

iii) Coating of Enamel After the application of primer, coating of enamel is applied. Two types of enamel are generally used (a) Coat Tar enamel (b) Asphalt enamel. Depending upon the type of primer used the compatible enamel shall be used and it should be from the same manufacturer. iv). Applying the Wrapping Material Three type of wrappings material are used (i) Glass Fibres (ii) Asbestos felt (iii) Kraft paper. The wrapping is being done in two phases. First the inner wrap of glass fibre tissues is applied. The second outer wrap is by means of glass fibre felt type 1 to IS:7193. In case outer wrapping is by asbestos felt then it should be thoroughly saturated with air blown coal tar / asphalt coating. In case outer wrapping is by kraft paper then the kraft paper shall be water proof and impregnated with coal tar / asphalt enamel.

04.15 CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR M.S BURRIED WATER PIPELINES:- Mild Steel Pipes buried in corrosive soil need to be protected with the help of cathodic protection in addition to wrapping and coating. Cathodic protection system reverses the electro chemical force by creating an external circuit between the pipeline to be protected and an auxiliary anode (known as sacrificial anode) buried in the ground at a predetermined distance from the pipe. Direct current applied to the circuit is discharged from the anode surface and travels through the surrounding electrolyte to the pipe which is cathode. Two methods are available for generating a current of sufficient magnitude to guarantee the protection. In the first method the sacrificial anode material such as magnesium or Zinc is used to create galvanic cell. The electrical potential generated by the cell causes the current to flow from anode to the pipe and returning to the anode through a simple connecting wire. This system is generally used where it is desirable to apply small amount of current at a number of locations, mostly often on coated pipelines in lightly or moderately corrosive soils. The second method of current generation is to energise the circuit with on external DC power supply such as rectifier. The technique commonly referred to as impressed current method uses relatively inert anodes usually graphite or silicon cast iron connected to positive terminal of DC power supply with the pipe connected to negative terminal. This system is generally used where large amount of current is required at relatively few locations and in many cases it is more economical than sacrificial anodes. For cathodic protection, a corrosion survey including chemical – physical analysis of the soil must be performed along the pipeline. Where the soil resistively is less than


Page 28 of 47

5000 ohms-cm. Cathodic protection in conjunction with appropriate wrapping and coating system shall be used. The cathodic protection shall conform to IS:8062 Part-II. For soil resistively above 5000 ohms-cm, cathodic protection shall be used in consultation with corrosion engineers.


Page 29 of 47

04.15 THERMAL INSULATION OF PIPELINES Thermal insulation is applied to pipelines for two purpose.

i) To prevent heat loss to atmosphere in case of fluid being hot or to gain heat in case of the fluid it contains is cold or below ambient temperature.

ii) To ensure that the skin temperature of the equipment or pipe is not more than 600C

which is a permissible limit prescribed by the Inspector of factories.

Insulation Materials Following insulating materials are normally used. i) Unbonded mineral wool made from slag or rock confirming to IS : 3677 or glass wool

conforming to IS : 3690 ii) Bonded mineral wool conforming to IS:8183 made from slag or rock or glass process

from molten state into fibrous form and bonded with a suitable binder.

iii) Preformed fibrous pipe insulation conforming to IS:9842. The material shall be mineral wool processed from rock or glass fibres.

iv) Insitu Polyurethane / polyisocynurate insulation conforming to IS:13205 (applicable for

max operating temperature of 1100C). Thickness of Insulation Thickness of heat insulation to be provided is a function of the value of thermal conductivity of the material selected, the temperature of the fluid and the bulk density of the heat insulation material. Following table gives the bulk density for unbonded and bonded mineral wool with temperature limitations of hot face temperature.

Bonded Mineral Wool (kg/m3) Pipe sections

Unbonded Mineral wool Slabs / mattresses

Glass Wool Rock Wool

Max hot face Temp 0C

120 kg/m3 50 85 120 250 150 kg/m3 80 85 120 400 200 kg/m3 120 85 120 550


Page 30 of 47

Table for Insulation thickness

Pipe size (outside dia)

Insulation thickness in mm for various temperature ranges

Pipe size (outside dia)

1000C and below

Between 101 and 2000C




Above 5000C

Upto DN 50mm 25 50 50 75 100 100

DN 65 to DN

100mm

25 50 75 100 125 125

DN 125 &

DN 150mm

50 75 75 100 125 150

DN 200 mm 50 75 75 125 125 150

DN 250 mm 50 75 100 125 150 150

DN 300 mm 50 75 100 125 150 150

Note: The metallic jacket over the insulation shall be galvanized steel sheet conforming to IS: 277 with following thicknesses:

- Pipe sizes up to 300 mm OD : 0.63 mm - Pipe sizes up to 300 mm OD equipment, flanges, valves : 0.80 mm


Page 31 of 47

ANNEXURE –A Page 1 of 17


Page 32 of 47

Page 2 of 17


Page 33 of 47

Page 3 of 17


Page 34 of 47

Page 4 of 17


Page 35 of 47

Page 5 of 17


Page 36 of 47

Page 6 of 17


Page 37 of 47

Page 7 of 17


Page 38 of 47

page 8 of 17


Page 39 of 47

Page 9 of 17


Page 40 of 47

Page 10 of 17


Page 41 of 47

Page 11of 17


Page 42 of 47

Page 12 of 17


Page 43 of 47

Page 13 of 17


Page 44 of 47

Page 14 of 17


Page 45 of 47

Page 15 of 17


Page 46 of 47

Page 16 of 17


Page 47 of 47

Page 17 of 17

CHAPTER: 5

LOAD CALCULATIONS & FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev - 0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No– 05 Page 1 of 8 05.00 LOAD CALCULATIONS AND FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS 05.01 Load Calculations for gaseous & Liquid pipelines:-

Loads from the piping system are transferred to the pipe supports and connected equipment. Depending on the direction of application, loads are calculated under two major heads :

• Vertical Loads • Horizontal Loads

05.01.01 Vertical loads

Vertical loads transferred to pipe supports comprise of the following :

• Dead weight of the pipes • Weight of fluid in pipes • Weight of insulation if any • Condensate weight in gas pipeline • Dust load due to deposition on pipeline • Load due to mounted valves, compensator and fittings. • Load due to saddles, supports and other service pipes • Dead load and live load from Platforms and walkways

Empty weight of pipes shall be taken from standard weight tables. In case of pipes carrying liquid, fluid weight with full pipe section shall be considered.

Following norms shall be followed for calculating the condensate load in low pressure fuel gas mains.

Pipe dia. (mm) Height of filling of pipe

cross-section with condensate (mm)

Filling in cross-section (%)

1. Upto DN 500 2. DN 600 – DN 1400 3. DN 1500 – DN 3500

Full 500 500 – 800

100 88 – 35 30 – 14

Load due to dust deposition shall be as follows :

• 50 Kg/m2 on pipelines at a distance within 100 m from dust generating plant (viz.

Blast Furnace, Coke ovens, SMS, Lime and Dolomite plant etc.) • 25 Kg/m2 on pipelines at a distance between 100 m to 500 m from dust generating

plants.

Sheet 1 of 8

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev - 0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No– 05 Page 2 of 8

Weight of valves, compensators and other mounted accessories shall be taken from drawings/ catalogues. Live load on platform shall be taken as 500 Kg/m2. This is indicated to Structural Section for designing platforms. It is recommended to add 10% to 20 % of vertical load as a provision for pipes to be laid in future on the same route.

Horizontal loads Horizontal loads transferred to pipe supports comprise of the following:

• Load due to thermal expansion • Load due to internal gas pressure i.e. blanking load, load due to annular space

of compensator, unbalanced pressure load at branch locations, etc • Load due to friction • Wind load

Depending on the pipe configuration, horizontal loads can be in axial direction as well as in transverse direction.

Horizontal loads due to thermal expansion, internal pressure and friction are calculated by carrying out flexibility analysis on individual pipe. Procedure is given in para 05.03. However, wherever possible, standard software package like CAESAR-II may be used for carrying out flexibility analysis and calculations of loads transmitted to supports and nozzles of equipment to which piping is connected.

05.02 LOCATION OF PIPE SUPPORTS

Supports for pipes shall be provided based on pipe layout. Span between two consecutive supports for a pipe shall be limited to the values given in Table 05.01 and 05.02 Recommended spacing (C.L to C.L) between two pipes are indicated in Table 05.03. In specific cases where span between two supports can not be provided as per the table, alternative arrangement for intermediate support using bridge between trestles or guy rope supports may be considered. In exceptional cases where distance exceeds the limiting span, suitable stiffening of pipe section to prevent sagging may be considered. At sliding supports pipe saddle shall be allowed to rest on bearing plate for free movement. In case U-clamps are provided, clearance shall be maintained for pipe movement by providing two nuts on opposite sides.

Sheet 2 of 8


All intermediate supports shall be of sliding type. Anchor supports shall be located based on piping configuration and layout to provide adequate flexibility. Distance between two consecutive fixed supports in straight runs of pipe route should be approx 70 m. However, in special cases it may go up-to 100 m (max.). In no case it should exceed 100 m.

However, for steam pipeline it should be limited to 60 m. For pipe dia. above 100 mm cold pull if any during erection may be given as per instructions of the respective drawings. To reduce friction force transmitted to supports, roller supports or anti friction pad supports can also be used.

05.03 FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS

Piping arrangement shall provide for flexibility of lines to take care of the thermal expansion, contraction and equipment settlement. Large reactions or moments at equipment connections shall be avoided . Expansion computation shall be made on the basis of a base temperature of 21.1deg C (70 deg F) and shall cover ( +ve, or –ve ) design temperature(s) as given. i) Flexibility analysis shall meet the requirement of Code ASME B-31.3 (Latest

Edition). Analysis shall consider stress intensification factors as per ASME B31.3.

ii) Lines which shall be subjected to steam out conditions , shall be designed and

analyzed at low –pressure steam design temperature of line whichever is more. Lines having negative design temperature shall be analyzed for both conditions separately.

iii) Flexibility Analysis of lines shall be carried out using simplified methods or a

comprenhensive computer program. Comprehensive computer analysis shall be carried out for the piping as per Cl. No. 05.03 (vii) For lines connected to equipment like vessels, pumps, filters, furnace, compressors or other strain sensitive equipment. The result of the analysis must satisfy the allowable loading on the nozzles of such equipment.

iv) Piping shall be adequately supported for the weight of piping, water, attached

unsupported components, wind, seismic, insulation and any other applicable forces. Care should be taken that these supports are adequate to prevent excessive stress, load or moments in either the piping or terminal nozzles of the equipment to which it is connected. Adequacy of supporting of lines having heavy valves shall be checked. The support shall be indicated in the piping General Arrangement Drawings and Isometrics as applicable.

Sheet 3 of 8


v) Safety valve manifolds and downstream of control valves shall be adequately supported to avoid vibrations.

vi) The following factors shall be considered in the stress analysis - Friction for lines >= 8” NB ; @ steel to steel = 0.3: ( Sliding friction), @

steel to Steel =0.1 (Rolling friction), - Corrosion Allowance. - Initial displacement of nozzles at design temperature(s). - Transverse deflections =25 mm( maximum) - Longitudinal expansion/contraction = 200 mm (maximum) Special care to

be taken to check for expansion loops and shoe support lengths shall be finalized accordingly.

viii) The following shall always be analyzed using comprehensive computer analysis:

a) All lines 4” and above and Design Temp.> 300 deg. C. b) All lines 8” and above and Design Temp. > 150 deg. C. c) Al l lines 16” and above and Design Temp. > 80 deg. C. d) All lines 6” and above and Design Temp. > deg. 65 C that are

connected to rotating Equipment, Air Coolers or any other sensitive equipment.

e) Any other system/line that stress engineer feels necessary for stress check.

The report shall comprise of the following:

- Basic input data and calculated conditions. - Layout isometric and supports configuration. - Load cases and calculated member stresses. - Forces, moments and displacements reports. - Spring hangers design parameters. - Allowable Stress Range. - Additional requirements ( reinforcement pad etc.)

Sheet 4 of 8


05.04 PROCEDURE FOR FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS ( MANUAL)

Step I Draw free line diagram covering piping segment and branches on both sides of fixed support (F.S.) for which resultant load / stress is to be worked out.

D B E C A F.S. COMP F.S. COMP F.S.

Step - II

Calculate effective dead load + live load (DL + LL) due to pipe & equipment at point B for segment AB & BC.

Step - III Frictional Force

Expansion joint / compensator is to take care of thermal elongation / contraction and hence its position is considered as fixed though there may be a very minor change in the location of expansion joint. Practically it is taken as zero displacement.

Calculate frictional force f1 & f2 due to pipe segment DB and BE respectively.

Frictional force = (DL + LL) x Co-efficient. Of friction Co-efficient., of friction for steel to steel shall be taken as follows : Sliding support = 0.3 Roller support = 0.1 Ball support = 0.1 PTFE pad support = 0.05 to 0.09

Sheet 5 of 8

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev - 0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No– 05 Page 6 of 8 Step - IV Anchor Force

Anchor force is to be worked out separately for segment AB and BC. Calculate total elongation / contraction for segment AB.

∆ l = l * α * ∆ t

Where

∆l = Thermal elongation / contraction in mm l = length of segment AB in meters α = co-efficient of thermal expansion = 0.012 mm / m / 0c for steel ∆t = Maximum temp. difference in 0C

• Identify spring rate of the expansion joint / compensator (kg f/mm) • Calculate anchor force due to segment AB using formula

Anchor force a1 = Spring rate (Kg f/mm) x ∆ l. • Calculate anchor force (a2) due to segment BC in similar way.

Step - V Force due to annular space of disc compensator / bellow compensator.: The annular space remains filled with gas and exerts pressure on the wall of compensator, which is turn, gets transferred to the fixed support.

Sheet 6 of 8


Force due to annular space of compensator (c1 & c2) = π/4 (D2 – d2)p Where, D = I.D. of Compensator in mm d = I.D. of pipe in mm p = Test pressure of piping system in kgf/mm2(g) Compensator force c1 and c2 shall be worked out for both the segments AB & BC respectively. Step VI Blanking Load Blanking load comes into effect when there is change in direction of flow / at the location of isolation device. Direction of blanking load is towards the bend. Blanking load may be worked out using formula.

B.L. = π/4 x d2 x p Where d = ID of pipe in mm

P = test pressure of piping network in kg f / mm2

As is evident, in Case I, no blanking load is applicable at fixed support “B”.

Sheet 7 of 8


Step VII Prepare the load diagram for the fixed support to be analyzed. Frictional force = f1 ( ) Frictional force = f2 ( ) Anchor force = a1 ( ) Anchor force = a2 ( ) Force due to compensator c1 ( ) Force due to compensator c2 ( )

FS A C Blanking load = 0 B Blanking load = 0

Based on above diagram, resultant force is worked out at point “B”. Resultant 1: Frictional force = f = f1 – 0.7 f2 ( ), where f1 ≥ f2 Anchor Force = a = a1 – 0.7 a2 ( ), where a1 ≥ a2 Force de to compensator = c = c1 – 0.7 c 2 ( ), where c1 ≥ c2 All the above forces in this case act along the axis of pipeline. There is no transverse force acting perpendicular to pipe axis. Hence, resultant axial force at “B” = (f + a + c)

05.05 WIND LOAD CALCULATION

Wind load acts on transverse direction across pipe due to pressure of wind. Wind pressure shall be taken as per IS : 875. In cyclone prone areas maximum wind pressure due to cyclonic wind pressure shall be taken. Wind load for a section of pipe = Wind pressure X projected area x shape factor For circular pipes shape factor is 0.7. In case of multiple pipes, for each tier of pipes, largest pipe may be considered for calculating wind load.

Sheet 8 of 8

CHAPTER: 6

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS & PD-1405 Rev - 0 GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No - 06 Page 1 of 27

Page 1 of 27

06 PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION 06.01 SCOPE

This PMS covers the various piping specification for process and utility piping in

Metallurgical plants and its related industrial Installation. Deviation from this specification may be necessary to conform to specific job

requirements. In such cases a separate and specific PMS shall be issued with the approval of piping competent authority.

06.02 REFERRED CODES & STANDARDS

All piping shall be designed in accordance with relevant latest codes and

standards like B 31.1, B 31.3 and different IPSS (Inter plant standard for steel industry)

Individual piping material specification has been designed to cover a set of services operating within fixed pressure and temperature.

06.03 PIPES 06.03.01 Pipe dimension shall be in accordance with ANSI B36.10 : IS:1239, IS:3589 for

carbon steel pipe and to B36.10/B36.19 for stainless steel pipe. 06.03.02 Pipe made by acid Bessemer process shall not be acceptable.Pipes shall be made

by open hearth, electric furnace or basic oxygen process. 06.03.03 All pipe threads shall conform to ANSI B1.20.1 except where otherwise noted. 06.04 FLANGES Flanges shall be in accordance with following codes except where otherwise

noted. DN 15 to DN 600 (150 # - 600#) ANSI/ANSI B16.5 / IS : 6392 Above DN 600 API 605 / ANSI B16.47 / MSS-SP-44 / IS:6392 DIN etc. Flanges to MSS-SP-44 or any other std. like DIN, BS etc. may be specified to be

made with equipment or valve flanges with corresponding bolting. 06.04.01 Finish of steel flange faces shall conform to MSS-SP-6/ ASME B46.1/ASME

B16.5. The interpretation shall be as follows : Serrated : 250 – 500 Mu in AARH Smooth (125 AARH) : 125 – 250 Mu in AARH For RTJ groves (32 AARH) : 32 – 250 Mu in AARH


Page 2 of 27

06.04.02 Bore of WN flanges shall match the ID of the attached pipe Bore of slip on flanges shall suit the pipe OD and its thickness.

06.04.03 Dimensions of welded steel flanges for low pressure gas ( Pressure upto 1 kg/cm2) is indicated in Table 06.01

06.05 FITTINGS 06.05.01 Forged steel socket welded and threaded fittings shall be in accordance with

ANSI B 16.11 unless otherwise noted. 06.05.02 Butt welded fittings shall be in accordance with ANSI B16.9 unless otherwise

noted. 06.05.03 Fabricated (site/factory) fittings shall conform to IPSS-06-020-95 unless

otherwise specified. 06.05.04 Fittings thickness and tolerance shall match pipe thickness and tolerance. 06.05.05 Mitres and reducers fabricated form pipe may be use if specified in PMS, shall

conform to IPSS:1-06-020-95. In no case mitres thickness and material shall be inferior to parent pipe.

06.06 GASKETS 06.06.01 Non metallic gasket shall conform to IS:2712. 06.06.02 Spiral wound gaskets (SPR, WND) shall conform to API 601/B16.20. 06.06.03 Ring type and spiral wound gasket shall be self aligning type. 06.07 BOLTING 06.07.01 Dimensional std of Bolt/studs and nuts shall conform to B 18.2 / IS:1364-1992.

Unless otherwise noted. 06.08 THREADS 06.08.01 Threads for threaded pipes, fitting flanges and valves shall be in accordance with

B1.20.1 taper threads unless otherwise noted. 06.08.02 Upto 2000C threaded joints shall be made with 1” width PTEE joining tape. 06.08.03 Above 2000C threaded joints shall be seal welded with full strength fillet weld. 06.08.04 All threaded joints irrespective of pressure and temperature on lines carrying toxic

fluid shall be seal welded with a full strength fillet weld.


Page 3 of 27

06.09 VALVES 06.09.01 Face to Face/End to End dimension of valves shall conform to B16.10 to the

extent covered. For valves not covered in B16.10. reference shall be made to BS2080 and / or the manufacturer’s drawings.

06.09.02 Flange / weld ends of the valve shall be as per the corresponding Flange/Fitting

ends of the piping class, unless otherwise specified. 06.09.03 Pressure temperature rating for flanges and butt welding end valves shall be as per

ANSI B16.34 except for ball, plug & butterfly valves. For these valves refer TABLE FOR PRESSURE TEMP. RATING FOR BALL, PLUG AND BUTTERFLY VALVES

06.09.04 Unless called-out specifically, valves shall be as per the following Standards.

Valve Size DN mm

Rating Des. Std. Testing Std.

Gate 15 - 40 800/1500 API-602 API-598

Globe/Check 15 - 40 800/1500 BS – 5352 BS-6755 Pt-I

Gate 50 - 600 150/300/600 API-600 API-598

Gate 650 - 1050 150/300 BS-1414 BS-6755 Pt-I

Globe 50 – 200 150/300/600 BS-1873 BS-6755 Pt-I

Check 50 – 600 150/300/600 BS-1868 BS-6755 Pt-I

Gate/Globe/Check 900/1500/2500# B-16.34 API-598/ BS6755 Pt-I

Ball 15 – 400 BS-5351 BS-6755

Plug 15 – 300 API-599 API-598 /BS-5353 BS-6755

Butterfly 80 & above

- API-609/ BS5155 AWWA C504

API-1898/ BS-6755 Pt-I /AWWA

Diaphram ALL - BS-5156 BS-6755 Pt-I06.09.05 If not covered in 06.09.04 the valve shall be as per B16.34 and relevant MSS SP

Standard 06.09.06 DN 50mm and larger steel Gate, Globe & Check valves in Hydrocarbon and

utility service shall have bolted bonnets. Pressure seal bonnets or covers shall be used for Classes 900# and above to minimize bonnet leakage. However, valves with pressure seal bonnet shall have wall thickness & seal stem diameter as per API600. Welded bonnets or screwed & seal welded bonnets are acceptable for sizes lower than DN 50 for Classes 900# & above.


Page 5 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : BF Gas, CO Gas, BOF, Corex Gas & Mixed Gas SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Working Pressure 1500mmWC Temp 60 oC Minimum Working Pressure 50 mmWC Temp 5 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 2 m.m.

Item Size Range Description Dimension

Standard Material Specification

DN 15 to 40 ERW, PE; Sch Heavy IS : 1239 IS:1239 - Black

DN 50 to 150 ERW, BE; Sch Heavy IS : 1239 IS:1239 - Black

DN 200 to 350 ERW, BE; 6 mm Thk IS : 3589 IS: 3589 Gr.330

DN 400 to 750 ERW/SWP,BE; 8 mm Thk

IS : 3589 IS: 3589 Gr.330

Pipe

DN 800 to 3500 Fabricated – Electric Fusion Welded, BE; 10mm Thk.

IS : 3589 IS : 2062, Gr.B

DN 15 to 40 SW /Screwed Fittings (Elbow R=1.5D)

IS : 1239 (P-2)

IS : 1239 (P-2) Black

DN 50 to 150 BW (Elbow R=1.5D) IS : 1239 (P-2)

IS : 1239 (P-2) Black

Fittings

DN 200 & above

Fabricated Miters bends & fittings from pipe / plate

IPSS-06-20 IS : 2062, Gr.B

Upto DN 150

SORF; Serrated Finish IS : 6392 Table - 5

IS: 2062, Gr.B

DN 200 to 300 SORF; Serrated Finish IPSS:1-06-20 Table 3

IS: 2062, Gr.B

Flanges #150

DN 400 & above

SORF; Serrated Finish IPSS:1-06-20 Table 3

IS: 2062, Gr.B

Upto DN 500 Gasket: Thk. 2 mm Ring Type CAF

As per Flange IS : 2712 Gr W/3 Gaskets Above DN 500 Asbestos rope graphite

impingnated. Ǿ8mm

DN 15 to 40 Gate valve; Screwed API 602 Body ASTM A105; Cr 13% Trim

DN 50 to 550

Gate valve; Flanged IS : 14846 Body CI GR. FG 200

Valves DN 600 to 1600 Gate valve; Flanged IPSS: 1-06-023 Body CI, Gr.FG-210


Page 6 of 27

Item Size Range Description Dimension Standard

Material Specification

DN 1800 & above

Gate valve; Flanged MSS Body IS: 2062 GR. B

DN 15 to 40 Check valve SW – Lift Type #800

BS 5352 Body A105, 13% Cr Trim

DN 50 and above

Check Valve Flanged swing check valve/ dual plate #150

BS 1868 / API 594

Body A216;WCB, 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe valve SW / Screwed ; #800

BS 5352 Body A105, 13% Cr Trim

DN 50 to 300 Globe valve; Flanged ; Serrated Finish; #150

BS 1873 Body A216 Gr WCB, 13% Cr Trim

DN 350 & above

Butterfly valve WAF Type; #150

BS 5155/ API 594

Body A216 Gr WCB;13% Cr Trim

DN 15 / DN 25 Screwed LUB.TAPERED PLUG VALVE

BS: 5158 Body & PLUG : CI IS 210 FG 200

M/C Bolts ASTM A193 Gr B7

IS: 1364- 1992

Bolting

All

Nuts ASTM A194 Gr 2H

IS: 1364- 1992

Piping Fabrication

Flanged Joints At valve/ equipment location and for sectionalising & Maintenance. To be kept minimum DN 50 & below SW coupling Pipes Joints

DN 50 & above Butt welded

Fabricated pipes Fillet welding using semi bandage on each segment.

Temp Connections

DN 40 – Flanged set-on nozzle

Pressure Tapping

DN 20 – SW Half Coupling Nipple Sch 80 with Gate valve to Spec.

Vents On lines >= DN 50 ; MEC std.

Drains On lines >= DN 80, MEC Std.

Note: For flange dimensions refer Table 06.01.


Page 7 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : LPG /PROPANE SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 6 kgf /cm2 Temp 60 oC Minimum Operating Pressure Atm Temp 5 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 1.5 mm.

Item Size Range Description Dimensional/

Design Standard

Material - Carbon Steel

DN 15 to 40 Seamless PE Sch. 80 B 36.10 API 5L GR.B

DN 50 to 150 Seamless BE Sch.40 B36.10 API 5L GR.B

DN 200 to 300 Seamless BE Sch.20 B36.10 API 5L GR.B

DN 350 Seamless BE Sch.10 B36.10 API 5L GR.B

Pipe

DN 400 & above

EFSW BE Thk. 6.0mm B36.10 API 5L GR.B

DN 15 to 40 SW / Screwed Fittings # 3000 (Elbow R=1.5D)

ANSI B 16.11 ASTM A 105

DN 50 to 150 BW Fittings #150 (Elbow R=1.5D)

ANSI B16.9 ASTM A234 Gr WPB

Fittings

DN 200 & above

Miter bends & fittings fabricated from pipe

IPSS-1-06-020 Same as parent pipe

DN 15 to 40

SW:RF : Serrated Finish; #150

B 16.5 ASTM A 105 Flanges

DN 50 & above SORF : Serrated Finish; #150

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

Gaskets All sizes Gasket : Thk. 2.0 mm Ring type CAF

B 16.21 IS : 2712 Gr W/3

DN 15 to 40 Gate valve SW # 800 API 602 Body A105 ; 13% CR Trim

DN 50 to 600 Gate valve Flanged RF Serrated Finish # 150

API 600 Body A216 Gr. WCB 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe valve, SW # 800 BS 5352 Body A105; 13% Cr Trim

DN 50 to 200 Globe valve : Flanged RF Serrated # 150 finish

BS 1873 Body A216 Gr.WCB 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Check valve SW # 800 Lift type

BS 5352 Body A105; 13% Cr Trim

Valves

DN 50 to 600 Check valve flanged RF Serrated finish # 150



Page 8 of 27

Item Size Range Description Dimensional/ Design Standard


DN 15 to 150 Ball valve flanged RF Serrated finish #150

BS 5351 Body A216 Gr.WCB 13% Cr. Trim

Studs / Bolts B 18.2 ASTM A193 Gr B7 Bolting

All Nuts B 18.2 ASTM A194 Gr 2H

DN 15 to 40 TRAP #150, THRMDNMC

MANF’ STD. BODY A105, TRIM 13% CR , S: SS304

DN 15 to 40 PERM. STR, SW, Y Type

MANF’ STD. BODY A05: INT SS 304

DN 50 to 350 PERM. STR, BW, T Type

MANF’ STD. BODY A234WPB : INT SS 304


MANF’ STD. BODY A234WPBW: INT SS 304

Miscellaneous

Above DN 600 TEMP. STR, FF, CONE Type

MEC’ STD. BODY A516GR. 70: INT SS 304

Flanged Joints At valve/ equipment location and for sectionalizing & maintenance To be kept minimum DN 40 & below SW coupling

Piping Fabrication

Pipes Joints DN 50 & above Butt welded Pressure Tapping

DN 20 – SW half coupling Nipple Sch 80 with Gate valve to spec. Gate

Temp Connections


Vents On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std. Drains On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std.


Page 9 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : MEDIUM PRESSURE NITROGEN , ARGON, & COMPRESSED AIR

SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 10.5 kgf /cm2 Temp 60 oC Minimum Operating Pressure Atm Temp 5 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 1.5 m.m.


Design Standard


DN 15 to 40 ERW, PE Sch. HEAVY IS:1239 IS:1239 BLACK

DN 50 to 150 ERW, BE Sch. HEAVY IS:1239 IS:1239 BLACK

DN 200 to 350 ERW, BE , THK 6.0mm IS:3589 IS:3589 GR.330

DN 400 to 500 ERW, BE , THK 8.0mm IS:3589 IS:3589 GR.330

DN 550 to 600 ERW BE Thk. 10.0mm IS:3589 IS:3589 GR.330

Pipe

DN 650 & above

ERW/ SAW, BE Thk. 10.0mm (min)

IS:3589 IS:3589 GR.330

DN 15 to 40 SW / Screwed Fittings # 3000 (Elbow R=1.5D)


DN 50 to 150 BW Fittings #150 (Elbow R=1.5D))


Fittings

DN 200 & above

Miter bends & fittings fabricated from pipe


DN 15 to 40

SW:RF : Serrated Finish #150

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

DN 50 to 600 SORF : Serrated Finish #150

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

Flanges

DN 650 & Above

SORF : Serrated Finish #150

B 16.47 / IS:6392 / API 605

ASTM A 105

Gaskets All sizes Gasket : Thk. 2.0 mm Ring type CAF

B 16.21 IS : 2712 Gr W/3





Valves




Page 10 of 27







Bolting

All Studs / Bolts Nuts

B 18.2 B 18.2

ASTM A307 Gr B ASTM A563Gr B









Miscellaneous

Above DN 600 TEMP. STR, FF, CONE Type



Piping Fabrication


DN 20 – SW half coupling Sch 80 Nipple with Gate valve to spec.

Temp Connections


Vents On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std.

Drains On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std.


Page 11 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : HIGH PRESSURE NITROGEN , ARGON, & COMPRESSED AIR

SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 40 kgf /cm2 Temp 60 oC Minimum Operating Pressure 10.5 kgf /cm2 Temp 5 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 1.5 mm.


Design Standard


DN 15 to 40 Seamless PE Sch. 80 B 36.10 ASTM A106 Gr.B

DN 50 to 150 Seamless BE Sch.40 B36.10 ASTM A106 Gr.B

DN 200 to 250 Seamless BE Sch.30 B36.10 ASTM A106 Gr.B

DN 300 to 350 Seamless BE Sch. Std. B36.10 ASTM A106 Gr.B

Pipe

DN 400 to 600 EFSW BE Thk. Calculate

B36.10 ASTM A672 B60 CL 12

DN 15 to 40 SW Fittings # 3000 (Elbow R = 1.5D)


DN 50 to 350 BW Fittings (Elbow R = 1.5D)


Fittings

DN 400 to 600 BW Fittings (Elbow R = 1.5D)

ANSI B16.9 ASTM A234 Gr WPBW

DN 15 to 40



DN 15 to 600 WNRF : Serrated Finish #300

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

Gaskets All sizes SPIRAL; THK. 4.4 mm API 601 SS 304 SPR. WND + CA FIL







Valves

DN 15 to 40 Check valve SW # 800 lift type



Page 12 of 27





DN 15 to 150 Ball valve flanges RF Serrated finish # 300


DN 15 to 300

Plug valve flanges RF Serrated finish # 300

BS 5353

Body A216 Gr.WCB HARDEN PLUG

Bolting

All Studs /Bolts Nuts

B 18.2 B 18.2

ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H









Miscellaneous

DN to 600 TEMP. STR, FF, CONE Type



Piping Fabrication


DN 20 – SW half coupling Nipple Sch 80 with Gate valve to spec.

Temp Connections


Vents On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std. Drains On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std.


Page 13 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : LOW PRESSURE STEAM, CONDENSATE & BOILER FEED WATER

SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 18 kgf /cm2 Temp 360oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 1.5 m.m.


Design Standard


DN 15 to 40 Seamless PE Sch. 80 B 36.10 ASTM 106 GR.B

DN 50 to 150 Seamless BE Sch.40 B36.10 ASTM106 GR.B


Pipe


DN 15 to 40 SW Fittings # 3000; (Elbow R=1.5D)


DN 50 to 600 BW Fittings (Elbow R=1.5D)


Fittings

DN 200 to 600 BW Fittings (Elbow R=1.5D)

ANSI B16.9 ASTM A234 Gr WPBW

DN 15 to 40

SW:RF : Serrated Finish B 16.5 ASTM A 105 Flanges

DN 50 to 600 WNRF : Serrated Finish B 16.5 ASTM A 105 Gaskets All sizes Gasket : Thk. 2.0 mm

Ring type CAF B 16.21 IS : 2712 Gr W/1

DN 15 to 40 Gate valve SW # 800 API 602 Body A105 ; 13% CR

Trim DN 50 to 400 Gate valve Flanged RF

Serrated Finish # 300 API 600 Body A216 Gr. WCB

13% Cr Trim DN 15 to 40 Globe valve, SW # 800 BS 5352 Body A105; 13% Cr

Trim DN 50 to 200 Globe valve : Flanged

RF Serrated # 300 finish BS 1873 Body A216 Gr.WCB

13% Cr Trim DN 15 to 40 Check valve SW # 800

Lift type BS 5352 Body A105; 13% Cr

Trim DN 50 to 600 Check valve flanged RF

Serrated finish # 150 BS 1868 Body A216 Gr.WCB

13% Cr Trim

Valves

DN 15 to 150 Ball valve flanges RF Serrated finish # 300


Studs /Bolts B 18.2 ASTM A193 Gr B7 Bolting


Miscellaneous




Page 14 of 27




MANF’ STD. BODY A 105: INT SS 304



Flanged Joints At valve/ equipment location and for sectionalizing & maintenance to be kept minimum DN 40 & below SW coupling

Piping Fabrication



Temp Connections


Vents On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std. Vents On lines >= DN 50 ; MEC std. Drains On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std.

Note:

1. Class of various items shall be selected based on the pressure of steam in the line ( For low pressure inferior class may be considered)

2. For higher pressure i.e, more than 18 bar the technologist (PP & EE) to be contacted for

specification.


Page 15 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : LOW/ MEDIUM PRESSURE OXYGEN SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 15 kgf /cm2 Temp 60 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 2 m.m. Cleaning, Pickling, Passivation & Degreasing As Per IGC : 33/86/E


Design Standard


DN 15 to 40 Seamless PE Sch. 80 B 36.10 ASTM A106 GR.B

DN 50 to 150 Seamless BE Sch.40 B36.10 ASTM A 106 GR.B


Pipe

DN 350 to 600 Seamless BE Sch.40 B36.10 ASTM A 106 GR.B DN 50 to 150 Copper Pipe B36.10 Deoxidised non

Arsenic Copper Fire Breaker

DN 200 to 600 Copper Pipe B36.10 Deoxidised non Arsenic Copper

DN 15 to 40 SW Fittings # 3000; ( Elbow R=4D)

ANSI B 16.11 ASTM A 105 Fittings DN 50 to 600 BW Fittings

( Elbow R=4D) ANSI B16.9 ASTM A234 Gr WPB

DN 15 to 40

SW:RF : Serrated Finish B 16.5 ASTM A 105 Flanges

DN 50 to 600 WNRF : Serrated Finish B 16.5 ASTM A 105 Gaskets All sizes PTFE LOX GRADE B16.21 ASTM D3293; TYPE

3; Gr. 1+A DN 15 to 40 Gate valve; SW; # 800 API 602 Body A182 GR. 304;

/BRONZE ;13% CR Trim / BRONZE

DN 50 to 600 Gate valve; Flanged; RF; Serrated Finish # 150

API 600 Body A351 GR.CF8 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe valve, SW; # 800 BS 5352 Body A182 GR. 304;/ BRONZE; 13% CR Trim/ BRASS


BS 1873 Body Al BRONZE CASTING; TRIM BRASS; PTFE Seat

DN 15 to 40 Check valve SW # 800 lift type


Valves


BS 1868 Body & Trim A182 GR. 304


Page 16 of 27



DN 15 & Above Ball valve flanged RF Serrated finish

BS 5351 Body A351 GR.CF8 ; A182 GR. 304 Trim;PTFE Seat

Studs/Bolts B 18.2 ASTM A193 Gr B7 Bolting

All

Nuts B 18.2 ASTM A194 Gr 2H


Piping Fabrication


DN 20 – SW half coupling Nipple Sch 80 with . Gate valve to spec.

Temp Connections




Page 17 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : HIGH PRESSURE OXYGEN SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 40 kgf /cm2 Temp 60 oC Minimum Operating Pressure 16 kgf /cm2 Temp 5 oC RATING : # 300 Matching Companion Flanges of Valves & flow components as per

corresponding rating. CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 2 m.m. Cleaning, Pickling, Passivation & Degreasing As Per IGC : 33/86/E


Design Standard





Pipe

DN 350 to 600 Seamless BE Sch.10 B36.10 ASTM A 106 GR.B DN 50 to 150 Copper Pipe B36.10 Deoxidised non

Arsenic Copper Fire Breaker

DN 200 to 600 Copper Pipe B36.10 Deoxidised non Arsenic Copper

DN 15 to 40 SW Fittings # 3000; ( Elbow R=4 D)

ANSI B 16.11 ASTM A 105 Fittings DN 50 to 600 BW Fittings

( Elbow R=4 D) ANSI B16.9 ASTM A234 Gr WPB

DN 15 to 40

SW:RF : Serrated Finish; #300


DN 50 to 600 WNRF : Serrated Finish # 300

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

Gaskets All sizes CAF/ PTFE LOX GRADE

B16.21 ASTM D3293; TYPE 3; Gr. 1+A

DN 15 to 40 Gate valve; SW; # 800 API 602 Body A182 GR. 304; /BRONZE ;13% CR Trim / BRONZE

DN 50 to 600 Gate valve; Flanged; RF;Serrated Finish # 300

API 600 Body A351 GR.CF8 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe valve, SW # 800 BS 5352 Body A182 GR. 304;/ BRONZE; 13% CR Trim/ BRASS

Valves

DN 50 to 200 Globe valve : Flanged RF Serrated finish; # 300

BS 1873 Body Al BRONZE CASTING; TRIM BRASS; PTFE Seat


Page 18 of 27




BS 5352 Body A182 GR. 304; /BRONZE ;13% CR Trim / BRONZE


BS 1868 Body A351 GR.CF8 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 & Above Ball valve flanges RF Serrated finish #300

BS 5351 Body A351 GR.CF8 ; A182 GR. 304 Trim;PTFE Seat

Studs B 18.2 ASTM A193 Gr B7 Bolting



Piping Fabrication



Temp Connections


Vents On lines <= DN 50 ; MEC std. Vents On lines >= DN 50 ; MEC std. Drains On lines <= DN 50 ; MEC std. Drains On lines <= DN 50 ; MEC std.


Page 19 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : ACETYLENE SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 2 kgf /cm2 Temp 60 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 2 m.m.


Design Standard



Pipe

DN 50 Seamless BE Sch. 80 B 36.10 ASTM A106 GR.B

DN 50 and below

Bends - Fabricated from parent pipes by cold bending with radius 3 DN

Upto DN 40 Tees/Crosses & Reducers - forged, socket welded end. #3000

ANSI B16.11 ASTM A 105

DN 50 Tees/Crosses & Reducers - BW Seamless #300


Upto DN 40 Unions – SW ends #3000 ANSI B16.11 ASTM A 105

Pipe Fittings

DN 50 Unions – BW seamless #300


Studs/ Bolts B 18.2 ASTM A 193 Gr B7 Bolting All sizes Nuts B 18.2 ASTM A 194 Gr B2H

DN 15 to 40



DN 50 SORF : Serrated Finish #300

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

Gaskets All sizes 2 mm thick, ring type, CAF

B16.21 IS:2712 Gr.W/3

DN 40 and below Isolation valve

CI lubricated taper plug valve, screwed ends

BS: 5158 BODY & PLUG: CAST IRON IS : 210 FG 200

DN 50 CI Gate valve; Flanged ends.

IS:14846 BODY : CAST IRON GR FG -200

Valves

DN 50 and below Non-return valve

GM Check Valve (Lift – Type) Screwed

GM Check Valve (Lift – Type) Screwed

Hose assembly

Upto DN 15 Hoses to IS:447, with hose connection to IS:6016

IS:447/ IS:6016 Rubber hose


Page 20 of 27



Flash back arrestors

All sizes Hydraulic or dry type. Screwed ends.

-- SS/Brass


Page 21 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : LIGHT DIESEL OIL (LDO) SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 8 kgf /cm2 Temp 100oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE: 2 mm.



DN 15 TO DN 40

ERW , HEAVY, PE IS:1239 IS: 1239 (Part I)

DN 50 TO DN 80

ERW , HEAVY, BE IS:1239 IS: 1239 (Part I)

DN 100 to DN 150

Medium seamless or ERW black

IS:1239 IS: 1239 (Part I)

Pipe

DN 200 to DN 450

ERW B 36.10 ASTM A106 GR.B

DN 50 and below

Bends Fabricated from parent pipes by cold bending with radius 3 DN/ IS:1239 Part II

DN 65 and above

Mitred bends with DN 1.5 radius

Mitred bends with DN 1.5 radius /IS:1239 Part II up to DN 150

DN 450 and below

Tees/Crosses

Fabricated from parent pipes.

DN 450 and below

Reducers

Fabricated from parent pipes

Pipe Fittings

DN 50 and below

Screwed fittings IS: 1239 (Part-II)

Studs/ Bolts IS:1364 ASTM A 193 Gr B7 Bolting All sizes Nuts IS:1364 ASTM A 194 Gr B2H

Flanges

DN 15 to 40


B 16.5 ASTM A 105

DN 50 to 600 SORF : Serrated Finish #300

B 16.5 ASTM A 105

Gaskets All sizes 2 mm thick, ring type, CAF

B16.21 IS:2712 Gr.W/3

DN 40 and below Isolation valve

CI lubricated taper plug valve, screwed ends

BS: 5158 BODY & PLUG: CAST IRON IS : 210 FG 200

Valves

DN 50 and above

CI lubricated taper plug valve; Flanged ends.

BS: 5158 BODY : CAST IRON GR FG -200


Page 22 of 27



DN 50 and below Throttling valve

CS Globe valve BS:5352 ASTM-A-105 BODY: ASTM A216 Gr.WCB, Screwed ends.

DN 65 and above

CS Globe valve BS:1873 ASTM-A-105 BODY: ASTM A216 Gr.WCB, Screwed ends.

DN 50 and below Non-return valve.

CS horizontal / Vertical Check valve (Lift-type)

BS:5352 ASTM-A-105 Screwed ends.

DN 65 and above

CS Swing check valve with renewable seat rings. Flanged ends.

IS:5312 --

Filters

Self cleaning filter operating on the principle of edge filtration

-- --

Hose assembly

15 m long hoses to IS: 635 or SAE-100R-3 with swivel both ends and one adaptor at one end for DN 50 and below. For DN 65 and above flanged couplings shall be used.


Page 23 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : DRINKING WATER SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 6 kg/cm2 Temp 40 oC Minimum Operating Pressure Atm Temp 5 oC CORROSION ALLOWANCE : NIL.

Item Size Range Description Dimensional /

Design Standard

Material

Pipe DN 15 to 150 ERW (Galv.); Screwed end; Heavy C.I

IS : 1239 IS: 1538

IS : 1239; (Galv) IS:1538

Fittings

DN 15 to 150 Screwed fittings (Elbow R=1.5D) C.I.Fitting

IS : 1239 (II) IS: 1538

IS : 1239 (II); (Galv.) IS: 1538

Screwed ; FF IS : 6392

IS 2062 (Galv.) Flanges

All sizes

Blind Flanged; FF IS : 6392

IS 2062 (Galv.)

Gaskets All sizes Gasket; FF; THK 2.00 mm B16.21 Butyl Rubber

DN 15 to 40 Gate, Globe Valve;Screwed end ; CL.2

IS: 778 Body IS: 318 GR.2; IS: 320 AL.I

DN 50 to 150

Gate Valve;Flanged FF; P1.6 ; Serrated Finish

IS: 14846 Body IS: 210 FG 200; IS: 320 A.I

DN 15 to 40 Check valve; Screwed ; Lift Type; CL2.

IS:778 Body IS: 318 GR.2; IS: 320 AL.I

DN 50 to 150 Check Valve;Flanged FF; P1.6 ; Serrated Finish

IS:5312 Body IS: 210 FG 200; IS: 320 A.I

Valve

DN 15 to 40 Globe Valve; Screwed ; CL.2 IS:778 Body IS: 318 GR.2; IS: 320 AL.I

M/C Bolt

IS:1364

IS:1367 CL 4.6

Bolting

All

Nuts

IS:1364

IS:1367 CL 4

Flanged Joints At valve/ equipment location and for sectionalizing & maintenance To be kept minimum DN 40 & below Unions; Screwed

Piping Fabrication

Pipes Joints DN 50 & above Flanged Screwed.

Pressure Tapping

DN 20 – SW half coupling Nipple Heavy with Gate valve to spec.




Page 24 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : DEMINERALISED WATER SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 20kg/cm2 Temp 60 oC Minimum Operating Pressure Atm Temp 5 oC FLANGE RATING : IS 6392 - Based on test pressure / surge pressure Matching Companion Flanges of Valves & flow components as per corresponding rating. CORROSION ALLOWANCE : Nil



DN 15 to 40 Seamless Pipe PE SCH 10S Pipe, MS Seam less pipe

ANSI B16.10 IS:1239 P-1

ASTM A312 - TP 304 IS:1239, Rubber line

Pipe

DN 50 to 150 Seamless Pipe BE SCH 10S Pipe MS Seam less pipe

ANSI B16.10 IS:1239 P-1

ASTM A312 - TP 304 IS:1239, Rubber line ASTM A53 Gr A

DN 15 to 40 SW Fittings/ Scrd fittings (Elbow R=1.5D)

ANSI B16.11 ASTM A182 Gr 304

Fittings DN50 & above Miter bends & fittings

fabricated from pipe / Factory mady fittings

ANSI B16.9 Same as parent pipe / ASTM A403 WP

DN 15 to 40 SW RF Serrated Finish IS : 6392 ASTM A182 Gr 304 Flanges DN 50 to 50 WN RF Serrated Finish IS : 6392 ASTM A182 Gr 304 Gaskets All sizes Gasket; Thk. 3 mm As Per Flanges IS:638; Type-A (Rubber)

DN 15 to 150

Diaphragm Valve; Flanged; #150

Body ASTM A351 Gr. CF8; A182 Gr. 304 Trim

DN 15 to 40 Check Valve; SW; # 800; Lift Type


DN 50 and above Check Valve Flanged RF ; Serrated Finish; #150

BS 1868 CI Body SS Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe Valve; SW; # 800; BS 5352 Body ASTM A182 Gr. 304; 13% Cr Trim

DN 50 to 150 Globe Valve; Flanged ; RF #150

BS 1873 Body ASTM A351 Gr. CF8; A182 Gr. 304 Trim

Valves

DN 15 to 150 Ball Valve; Flanged; RF; Serr. Finish; # 150

BS 5351 CI Body SS Trim

Studs B18.2 ASTM A193 Gr B7 Bolting

All Nuts B18.2 ASTM A194Gr 2H

Piping Fabrication

Flanged Joints At valve/ equipment location and for sectionalizing & maintenance To be kept minimum DN 50 & below SW coupling Pipes

Joints DN 50 & above Butt welded


Page 25 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : ALL WATER (EXCEPT DRINKING & DEMINERALISED WATER)

SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure 20kg/cm2 Temp 60 oC Minimum Operating Pressure Atm Temp 5 oC FLANGE RATING : IS 6392 - Based on test pressure / surge pressure Matching Companion Flanges of Valves & flow components as per corresponding rating. CORROSION ALLOWANCE : 2 m.m.



DN 15 to 40 ERW Pipes; PE; Medium/Heavy, Seamless SS

IS : 1239 IS:1239; Black ASTM A53 Gr A ( BF Cooling)

DN 50 to 450 ERW / SAW Pipes; BE; Medium/Heavy

IS : 3589 IS:3589; Fe 330, Fe410

Pipe

DN 500 & above Spiral welded Rolled & Welded

IS : 3589 IS:3589; Fe 330, Fe 410

DN 15 to 40 cold / hot bends / SW Fittings/ scrd fittings (Elbow R=1.5D)

IS : 1239 (II) / ANSI B16.11

IS:1239 (II) / ASTM A105

DN 50 to 150

BW Fittings ; (Elbow R=1.5D)

ANSI B16.9

IS:1239 (II) / ASTM A234 WPB

DN 15 to 50 -do- ANSI B16.9 ASTM A 105 PB ( For BF Cooling)

Fittings

DN 200 & above Miter bends & fittings fabricated from pipe


DN 15 to 40

Screwed / SW; FF Serrated Finish

IS : 6392

Plates to IS 2062 Gr-B IS:2002- Gr 2A

Flanges

DN 50 to 150 SOFF; Serrated Finish IS : 6392

Plates to IS 2062 Gr-B IS:2002- Gr 2A

Gaskets All sizes Gasket; Thk 3.0mm As Per Flanges IS : 2712 Gr W/3

DN 15 to 40 Gate Valve; Screwed End IS:778 Body IS:318 LTB; IS: 320 HT1 Trim

DN 50 to 1200

Gate Valve; Flanged; FF #150

IS : 14846 Body C.I IS:210 Gr FG 200; 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Check Valve;Screwed; SW ;# 800; Lift Type

IS:778 Body IS:318 LTB; IS: 320 HT1 Trim

DN 50 to 600 Check Valve Flanged; FF; serrated Finish Swing / dual plate #150

IS:5312 (P-I) Body C.I IS:210 Gr FG 200; 13% Cr Trim

DN 400 to 1200 Check Valve Flanged; FF; serrated Finish Swing / dual plate

IS:5312 (P-II) Body C.I IS:210 Gr FG 200; 13% Cr Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe Valve; /Screwed;SW; #800

IS:778 Body IS:318 LTB; IS: 320 HT1 Trim

DN 50 to 300 Globe Valve ; Flanged; FF; Serrated Finish;

BS 1873 Body ASTM A216 WCB; 13% Cr Trim

Valves

DN 350 & above Butterfly valve BS 5155 CI Body SS shaft & seat rings


Page 26 of 27

Item Size Range Description Dimension Standard

Material Specification

M/C Bolts IS 1364 IS:1367 CL4.6 Bolting

All

Nutss IS 1364 IS:1367 CL 4

Flanged Joints At valve/ equipment location and for sectionalizing & maintenance To be kept minimum DN 40 & below Unions; Screwed

Piping Fabrication

Pipes Joints

DN 50 & above Flanged Screwed.

Pressure Tapping

DN 20 – SW half coupling Nipple Heavy with Gate valve to spec.

Temp. Conn. Flanged Installation as MEC std.

Vents On lines <= DN 40 ; MEC std.

Vents On lines >= DN 50 ; MEC std.




Page 27 of 27

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION SERVICE : Instrument Air (UP TO 1.5”) SERVICE CONDITIONS : Maximum Operating Pressure Up to 10.55 kgf /cm2 Temp 65 oC RATING : # 150 Matching Companion Flanges of Valves & flow components as per

corresponding rating. CORROSION ALLOWANCE : NIL


Design Standard


Pipe DN 15 to 40 ERW ; Screwed end HEAVY

IS:1239 IS:1239 (PART-I) GALV.

Fittings

DN 15 to 40 Screwed Fittings # 3000

ANSI B 16.11 ASTM A 105 (GALV.)

DN 15 to 40

Screwed :RF : Serrated Finish #150

B 16.5 ASTM A 105 (GALV.)

DN 15 to 40

Blind Flanged RF : Serrated Finish #150

API 590 ASTM A 105 (GALV.)

Flanges

DN 15 to 40

FIG. 8 Flange ; FF Serrated Finish #150

B 16.5 ASTM A 105 (GALV.)

Gaskets All sizes Gasket : Thk. 2.0 mm Ring type

B 16.21 IS : 2712 Gr W/3

DN 15 to 40 Gate valve SCRF; # 800 API 602 Body A105 ; 13% CR Trim

DN 15 to 40 Globe valve, SCRF; # 800


Valves

DN 15 to 40 Check valve SCRF; # 800 Lift type


M/C BOLT B 18.2 ASTM A307 Gr B Bolting

All Nuts B 18.2 ASTM A563 Gr B

Flanged Joints Pipes Joints

Screwed Coupling Piping Fabrication

Temp. Conn. Flanged Installation as MEC std.

Pressure Tapping

DN 20 – SW half coupling Nipple HEAVY with Gate valve to spec.

Vents MEC std. Drains MEC std.

TABLE: 05.03

MINIMUM SPACING (C.L TO C.L) BETWEEN TWO ININSULATED PIPES.

MM MIN 15 20 25 40 50 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600MAX DIA ½” ¾” 1” 1-1/2” 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24”

15 ½” 85 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *20 ¾” 96 100 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *25 1” 100 100 105 * * * * * * * * * * * * *40 1-1/2” 115 115 120 125 * * * * * * * * * * * *50 2” 120 120 125 130 140 * * * * * * * * * * *80 3” 140 148 145 155 160 175 * * * * * * * * * * 100 4” 165 165 170 175 180 195 210 * * * * * * * * *150 6” 195 200 200 210 215 230 240 270 * * * * * * * *200 8” 225 230 235 240 245 260 275 300 325 * * * * * * *250 10” 260 260 265 270 280 295 305 330 360 385 * * * * * *300 12” 295 300 305 310 315 330 345 370 395 425 450 * * * * *350 14” 330 330 335 340 345 360 375 400 425 455 480 495 * * * *400 16” 360 365 365 375 380 395 405 435 460 485 510 525 550 * * *450 18” 390 395 400 405 410 425 440 465 490 520 545 560 585 610 * *500 20” 425 425 430 435 445 460 470 495 425 550 575 590 615 640 665 *600 24” 495 495 500 505 510 525 540 565 590 620 645 660 685 710 733 785 NOTE : FOE INSULATED PIPES, THICKNESS OF INSULATION FOR THE PIPES UNDER CONSIDERATION SHALL ALSO BE TAKEN

INTO ACCOUNT.

MECON LIMITED DOC No MSTD-DESG-FS&PD-1405 Rev -0

GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 07 Page 1 of 9

IS 1239: Part 1: 1990 Mild steel tubes, tubulars and other wrought steel fittings, Part 1

Mild steel tubes -- (Old Standards)

IS 1239: Part 1: 2004 Steel Tubes, Tubulars and Other Wrought Steel Fittings -

Specification - Part 1: Steel Tubes

IS 1239: Part 2: 1992 Mild steel tubes, tubulars and other wrought steel fittings, Part 2

Mild steel tubulars and other wrought steel pipe fittings

IS 3589: 2001 Steel Pipes for Water and Sewage (168.3 to 2 540 mm Outside Diameter) -

Specification -- (Old Standards)

IS 3589: 2001 Steel Pipes for Water and Sewage (168.3 to 2 540 mm Outside Diameter) –

Specification

IS 6392: 1971 Steel pipe flanges

IS 2712: 1998 Gaskets and Packings - Compressed Asbestos Fibre Jointing - Specification

IS 1364: Part 1: 1992 /ISO 4014: 1988 Hexagon Head Bolts, Screws and Nuts of Product

Grades A and B - Part 1: Hexagon Head Bolts (Size Range M16 to M64) -- (Old

Standards)

IS 1364: Part 1: 2002 Hexagon Head Bolts, Screws and Nuts of Product Grades A and B -

Part 1: Hexagon Head Bolts (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64)

IS 1364: Part 2 : 1992/ISO 4017 : 1988 Hexagon head bolts, screws and nuts of product

grades A and B Part 2 Hexagon head screws (size range M1.6 to M64) -- (Old Standards)


Part 2: Hexagon Head Screws (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64)




Grades A and B - Part 3: Hexagon Nuts (Size Range M1.6 to M64) -- (Old Standards)


Part 3: Hexagon Nuts, Style 1 (Size Range M 1.6 to M 64)


Grades A and B - Part 4: Hexagon Thin Nuts (Chamfered) (Size Range M1.6 to M64) --

(Old Standards)


Grades A and B - Part 4: Hexagon Thin Nuts (Chamfered) (Size Range M1.6 to M64)

IS 1364 : Part 5 : 1992/ISO 4036 : 1979 Hexagon head bolts, screws and nuts of product

grades A and B Part 5 Hexagon thin nuts (unchamfered) (size range M1.6 to M10) -- (Old

Standards)


Part 5: Hexagon Thin Nuts - Product Grade B (Unchamfered) (Size Range M 1.6 to M 10)


Part 6: Hexagon Nuts, Style 2

IS 2062: 1999 Steel for General Structural Purposes – Specification

IS 2002: 1992 Steel plates for pressure vessels for intermediate & high temperature service

including boilers

IS 14846: 2000 Sluice Valve for Water Works Purposes (50 to 1200 mm Size) –

Specification

IS 447: 1988 Rubber hose for welding (fourth revision) (Superseding IS: 3572: 1968)


GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 07 Page 3 of 9 IS 6016: 1982 Hose connection for welding and cutting equipment

IS 778: 1984 Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and Check Valves for

Waterworks Purposes

IS 1538: 1993 Cast iron fittings for pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage

IS 5312: Part 1: 1984 Specification for Swing Check Type Reflux (Non-Return] Valves for

Water Works Purposes - Part 1: Single-Door Pattern

IS 5312: Part 2: 1986 Specification for Swing Check Type Reflux (non-return) Valves for

Water Works Purpose - Part 2: Multi-Door Pattern

IS 1367: Part I: 1980 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part I:

Introduction and General Information -- (Old Standards)

IS 1367: Part 1: 2002 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part 1:

General Requirements for Bolts, Screws and Studs


Tolerances for Fasteners - Bolts, Screws, Studs and Nuts - Product Grades A, B and C

IS 1367: Part II: 1979 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part II:

Product Grades and Tolerances -- (Old Standards)

IS 1367: Part 3: 1991 /ISO 898-1: 1988 Fasteners - Threaded Steel - Technical Supply

Conditions - Part 3: Mechanical Properties and Test Methods for Bolts, Screws and Studs

with Full Loadability -- (Old Standards)


Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel - Bolts, Screws

and Studs


GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 07 Page 4 of 9 IS 1367: Part V: 1980 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part V:

Mechanical Properties and Test Methods for Set Screws and Similar Threaded Fasteners

Not Under Tensile Stresses -- (Old Standards)


Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Made of Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel - Set Screws and

Similar Threaded Fasteners not Under Tensile Stresses

IS 1367: Part 6: 1994 /ISO 898-2: 1992 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel

Fasteners - Part 6: Mechanical Properties and Test Methods for Nuts with Specified Proof

Loads

IS 1367 : Part VII : 1980 Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners Part VII

Mechanical properties and test methods for nuts without specified proof loads -- (Old

Standards)

IS 1367 : Part VII : 1980 Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners Part VII

Mechanical properties and test methods for nuts without specified proof loads


Mechanical and Performance Properties for Prevailing Torque Type Steel Hexagon Nuts --

(Old Standards)


Prevailing Torque Type Steel Hexagon Nuts - Mechanical and Performance Properties

IS 1367 : Part 9 : Sec 1 : 1993/ISO 6157-1 : 1988 Technical supply conditions for threaded

steel fasteners Part 9 Surface discontinuities : Section 1 Bolts, screws and studs for general

applications


steel fasteners Part 9 Surface discontinuities : Section 1 Bolts, screws and studs for general

applications -- (Old Standards)



IS 1367: Part 9: Sec 2: 1993/ISO 6157-3: 1988 Technical supply conditions for threaded

steel

fasteners Part 9 Surface discontinuities : Section 2 Bolts, screws and studs for special

applications


steel fasteners Part 9 Surface discontinuities : Section 2 Bolts, screws and studs for special

applications -- (Old Standards)

IS 1367: Part 10: 2002 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part

10: Surface Discontinuities – Nuts

IS 1367: Part X: 1979 Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners Part X

Surface discontinuities on nuts -- (Old Standards)


11: Electroplated Coatings

IS 1367: Part 11: 1996 /ISO 4042: 1989 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel

Fasteners - Part 11: Electroplated Coatings -- (Old Standards)

IS 1367: Part XII: 1981 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part

XII: Phosphate Coatings on Threaded Fasteners

IS 1367 : Part XIII : 1983 Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners Part

XIII Hot-dip galvanized coatings on threaded fasteners


14: Stainless Steel Threaded Fasteners


14: Stainless Steel Threaded Fasteners -- (Old Standards)



IS 1367: Part 14: Sec 1: 2002 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners -

Part 14: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Stainless-Steel Fasteners - Section

1: Bolts, Screws and Studs

IS 1367: Part 14: Sec 2: 2002 Technical Supply Conditions for - Threaded Steel Fasteners -

Part 14: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-resistant Stainless-steel Fasteners - Section 2:

Nuts

IS 1367: Part 14: Sec 3: 2002 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners -

Part 14: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-resistant Stainless-steel Fasteners - Section 3:

Set Screws and Similar Fasteners not Under Tensile Stress


16: Designation System for Fasteners

IS 1367: Part XVI: 1979 Technical Supply Conditions for Threaded Steel Fasteners - Part

XVI: Designation System and Symbols -- (Old Standards)

IS 1367: Part 17: 1996/ISO 3269: 1988 Industrial fastners - Threadeed steeel fasteners -

Technical supply conditions Part 17 Inspection, smapling and acceptance procedure

IS 1367: Part 18: 1996 Industrial Fasteners - Threaded Steel Fasteners - Technical Supply

Conditions - Part 18: Packaging

IS 1367: Part 19: 1997/ISO 3800: 1993 Industrial fasteners - Threaded steel fasteners -

Technical supply conditions Part 19 Axial load fatigue testing of bolts, screws and studs

IS 1367: Part 20: 1996 /ISO 898-7: 1992 Industrial Fasteners - Threaded Steel Fasteners -

Technical Supply Conditions - Mechanical Properties - Part 20: Torsional Test and

Minimum Torques for Bolts and Screws with Nominal Diameters 1 mm To 10 mm

IS 5155: 1969 Specification for Pipettes, Ostwald-Folin Type


GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 07 Page 7 of 9 IS 1593: 1982 Specification for Fuel Oils -- (Old Standards)

IS 1593: 1982 Specification for Fuel Oils

ARE 1460: 2000 Diesel Fuels – Specification

IS 11489: 1985 Specification for Heavy Petroleum stock (HPS)

IS 5822: 1994 Code of Practice for Laying of Electrically Welded Steel Pipes for Water

Supply

IS 5822: 1994 Code of Practice for Laying of Electrically Welded Steel Pipes for Water

Supply

IS 10221: 1982 Code of practice for coating and wrapping of underground mild steel

pipelines

IS 1916: 1989 Specification for steel cylinder pipe with concrete lining and coating

IS 7193: 1994 Specification for glass fibre base bitumen felts

IS 8062: Part 1: 1976 Code of practice for cathodic protection of steel structures, Part 1

Genral Princples

IS 8062: Part II: 1976 Code of Practice for Cathodic Protection of Steel Structures - Part II:

Underground Pipelines

IS 8062: Part 3: 1977 Code of practice for cathodic protection of steel structure, part 3

Ship's hull

IS 8062: Part 4: 1979 Code of practice for cathodic protection of steel structures ,part 4

Galvanic protection of dockgates, caissons, piers and jetties


GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 07 Page 8 of 9 IS 3690: 1974 Unbonded glass wool for thermal insulation -- (Withdrawn Standards)

IS 277: 2003 Galvanized Steel Sheets, (Plain and Corrugated) – Specification

IS 3690: 1974 - Unbonded glass wool for thermal insulation

IS 8183: 1993 Bonded mineral wool -- (Old Standards)

IS 13205: 1991 Code of practice for the application of polyurethane insulation by the in-

situ pouring method

IS 277: 1992 Galvanized Steel Sheets (Plain and Corrugated) - Specification -- (Old

Standards)

IS 8183 : 1993 Bonded mineral wool

IS 9842: 1994 Preformed fibrous pipe insulation -- (Old Standards)

IS 9842: 1994 Preformed fibrous pipe insulation

IS 3677: 1985 Specification for Unbonded Rock and Slag Wool for Thermal Insulation

IS 875: Part 1: 1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings

and structures Part 1 Dead loads - Unit weights of building material and stored materials

(Incorporating IS: 1911-1967) -- (Old Standards)


and structures Part 1 Dead loads - Unit weights of building material and stored materials

(Incorporating IS: 1911-1967)


and structures: Part 2 Imposed loads


GUIDELINES FOR PIPING DESIGN Chapter No: 07 Page 9 of 9 IS 875: Part 3: 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for

Buildings and Structures - Part 3: Wind Loads


and structures Part 4 Snow loads


and structures Part 5 Special loads and load combinations

IPSS:

CGA:

Manual for water supply & water treatment- Govt. of India publications

15749975-guidelines-for-piping-design-for-metallurgical-industries

Documents

water water

water soft water

byproduct fuel gases

drinking water

piping design doc

storm water

makeup water

clarified water