Sustainable Development Planning and Strategy Formulation: An Integrated Systems Approach

Jeffrey Crawford Sustainable Development Officer United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) Division for Sustainable Development, Policy and Analysis Branch E-mail: Crawford3@un.org Sustainable Development Planning and Implementation Workshop 28 May 2015, New York, U.S.A.

Image Source: http://juliewight.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/water-wallpaper-1.jpg

Interdependencies and Interconnectedness of SDGs

Notes: The numbers on the links indicate the percentage of targets linking the two goals (number of links between two goals divided by the sum of targets under the two goals). SDG17 on “means of implementation” (which links to all other goals) was excluded from the analysis. The Kamada-Kawai projection minimizes the “energy” of the network (imagine a network of physical springs) and hence places the most central nodes in the middle. Source: Chapter 2 of the United Nations Global Sustainable Development Report 2015 (forthcoming), adapted from Review of Targets for the Sustainable Development Goals – The Science Perspective, 2015 ICSU/ISSC .

Global Systems and Risks So

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Water Rail

Air Road

Transport System

Sub

-sys

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s Defining an Integrated Systems Approach

Waste Water

Distribution Network

Desalination Filtration

Water & Sanitation System

Sub

-sys

tem

s

Freshwater Marine

Grassland Forest

Natural System

(bio

me

s) Hydro Gas

Nuclear Solar

Energy System

Sub

-sys

tem

s

System of Systems

Energy Efficiency

Water Demand

Water Supply Energy Demand

Renewable Energy

Production (low-water)

Coal Energy

Production

Climate Change

Population Growth

GHG Emissions

Coal Mining

Linkages, Dependencies and Feedback Loops

Mining System and Ministry

Water System and Ministry

Energy System and Ministry

Education

Education System and Ministry

Water Efficiency

Selected Tools for Planning

• Climate, Land-use, Energy, Water

• Uses national accounts data CLEW

• Inter-sectoral

• System dynamics

• Tailored for SDGs (iSDG)

iSDG & T21

• All sector infrastructure prioritization

• Risk-based approach SoS MHRA

CLEW Model (Climate, Land-use, Energy and Water)

Source: M. Howells, et al., Integrated analysis of climate change, land-use, energy and water strategies, Nature Climate Change 3, 621-626 (2013) (http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n7/fig_tab/nclimate1789_F1.html)

iSDG & T21 Models

Intervention Impact Logic Indicator Dashboard Select Area of Intervention

System-dynamics based comprehensive development planning model Models cross-sectoral linkages and dependencies

Utilized by government departments of planning (Kenya, Jamaica, Senegal, Mongolia)

Source: Millennium Institute, www.millennium-institute.org

Systems of Systems (SoS) Approach: Critical Infrastructure Failure Prevention

Hazard

Population

Energy

Transportation

Water & Sanitation

Communications

Emergency response services

Principal power locations:

generation stations, hazardous

material storage

Switching networks, Servers,

Control Management Systems,

Water lines, Waste Water

Treatment, Drainage Systems

Road systems, Rail systems,

Tunnels, Runways

First Responders: Fire, Police,

Paramedics + schools, hospitals

Population Density

Rapid and slow onset / man

made & natural

Source: Jeffrey Crawford, UNOPS Risk-Sensitive Planning for Resilient Infrastructure Development, Presentation at UNISDR 5th Africa Regional Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction held in Abuja, Nigeria, 14 May 2014

SoS - Interdependencies and Interconnections of Critical Infrastructure Sectors

Source: Jeffrey Crawford, UNOPS, Climate-resilient Infrastructure, Presentation at Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Forum (19 March 2013, Incheon, Republic of Korea).

Interdependencies between infrastructures, and cascading effect of disruption upon other infrastructures

Infrastructure

Disrupted

Infrastructure

Impacted

Electric

Power

Natural

Gas

Petroleum Comm-

unications

Water

Distribution

Transportation Public Health

& Sanitation

Electric Power N/A

Natural Gas

N/A

Petroleum

N/A

Communication

N/A

Water

Distribution

N/A

Transportation

N/A

Public Health &

Sanitation

N/A

Interdependencies between infrastructures & resulting

disruption on other infrastructures

Weak Medium Strong

Sou

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Integrated Governance Systems

Ministerial Cluster

Ministry of Water

Ministry of Energy

Ministry of Agriculture

Ministry of Environment

National Infrastructure Coordinating Center

National & Local Sustainable Development Councils

Ministerial Clustering

High-level Inter-Ministerial Institutions

Science-Policy Interface Institutions

Parliament | Executive

Ministry of Devolution and Planning

Modeling Team (12-person team)

Ministry of Environment, Water & NR

Modeling Officer

Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure

Modeling Officer

Source: http://www.dhs.gov/national-infrastructure-coordinating-center

Towards Integrated Information Systems

Quality & Integrity

Disaggregation

Transparency & Openness

Usability & Curation

Protection & Privacy

Timeliness

Governance

Rights

Resources & Capacity

Independence

Key Principles for the Data Revolution System of Environmental-Economic Accounting

National Accounts for water, energy, land, ecosystems, agriculture, fisheries and forests

Measures stocks and flows Valuation of natural capital (e.g. eco-

system services) Many countries have SEEA

programmes, such as Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, South Africa, Sweden, and Uganda

Key principles for data revolution derived from Independent Expert Advisory Group Secretariat 2014, A World That Counts: Mobilising The Data Revolution For Sustainable Development.

From Silo-based to Integrated Systems Approach

Ministry of Water

• Policy

• Info

• Data

Ministry of Energy

• Policy

• Info

• Data

Ministry of Health

• Policy

• Info

• Data

Silo-based Approach

NSDGs

Integrated Governance

Integrated Systems Planning

Integrated & Aggregate Indicators (e.g. NSDG

indicators)

National Accounts

SNA & SEEA

Data (Economic, Social, Environment)

Integrated Systems Approach

NDGs

Governance

Sector-based Planning

Indicators

Other Info