15/09/2015dr. j. a. cunge 1 hydraulics modelling software comments on history, research, market,...
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19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 1
HYDRAULICSMODELLING SOFTWARE
COMMENTS ON
HISTORY, RESEARCH, MARKET, DEVELOPMENT
& AVAILABILITY
Hydraulics modelling software
19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 2
Hydraulics modelling software
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:
EVOLUTION BY INTERACTION BETWEEN
CONCEPTUALISATION, FORMULATION, NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS
AND
TOOLS (hardware & software )
19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 3
Hydraulics modelling software
conceptualisationcomputational hydraulics
applications
Informatic tools
DEVELOPPEMENT
MECHANISM
19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 4
Hydraulics modelling software
MARKET AND APPLICATIONS
INTERACTION BETWEEN:
- DEMAND
- STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
- AVAILABILITY OF THE TOOLS
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Hydraulics modelling software
TWO KINDS OF DEMAND, TWO KINDS OF EVOLUTION :
- TECHNICAL, INTEGRATING NEW KNOWLEDGE
- COMMERCIAL/ EVERYDAY ENGINEERING
EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNICAL DEMAND - EXAMPLE OF RESERVOIR STUDIES
19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 6
Hydraulics modelling software
Reservoir hydraulics problem until 1960
h = h (Q,x), v = Q/A
Bresse:
or
Schoklitsch, Rühlmann, Tolkmitt:
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Hydraulics modelling software
EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNICAL DEMAND :
STRONG DEMAND :
1960 - steady state flow 1D backwater
1970 - 1D wave propagation following turbines and gates manoeuvres
1980 - unsteady 2D vertical, variable density (heat, sediments, salinity)
WEAK DEMAND :Until 2000 - unsteady 3D, variable density, water
quality, ecosystems
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Hydraulics modelling software
• 30 YEARS OF STRONG TECHNICAL DEMAND
DUE TO NEEDS OF ENGINEERING WORKS
• BUT « soft » TECHNICAL DEMAND:SOCIAL COST AND WATER
QUALITY DID NOT FIND THEIR EXPRESSION IN BUDGET TERMS IN DECISION MAKING AND MANAGEMENT
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Hydraulics modelling software
1990-2000: • explosive COMMERCIAL DEMAND FOR
HYDRAULICS SIMULATION TOOLS DUE TO
NEEDS OF ENGINEERING WORKS GLOBAL USE & SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS, EXISTENCE OF INDUSTRIAL SOFTWAREPROACTIVE MARKETING OF EXISTNG INDUSTRIAL SOFTWARE
• VERY LIMITED COMMERCIAL DEMAND FOR SOCIAL COST AND WATER QUALITY TOOLS
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Hydraulics modelling software
1990 - 2000
- EXPLOSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF PCs
- EXPLOSIVE MARKETING AND USE OF INDUSTRIAL MODELLING SOFTWARE
• CONCEPT OF « ENCAPSULATED TECHNOLOGY » - 4th GENERATION OF MODELS
• CONCEPT OF BRILLIANT FUTURE OF IA AND 5th GENERATION => FLOP!
• CONCEPT OF HYDROINFORMATICS
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Hydraulics modelling software
2000 - 2014
-GENERALISATION OF THE USE OF SIMULATION TOOLS IN ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES-STABILISATION OF THE MARKET OF THE TOOLS WITH LIMITED NUMBERS OF MAIN ACTORS-RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING ALGORITHMS WITHOUT BEING APPLIED IN MARKETED SYSTEMS-DEVELOPMENTS FOR WATER QUALITY AND ECOHYDRAULICS BUT LIMITED APPLICATIONS - HYDROINFORMATICS – MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN WATER SECTOR (MODELLING, NETWORKS, RESERVOIRS, FLOODS) .
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Hydraulics modelling software
conceptualisation informatics tools
1995HYDROINFORMATICS
1996M.B. Abbott1997 4th GENERATION GIS, UNIX1998 DHI1987 3rd GENERATION MAINFRAMES - IBM 340
IAHR Committee1960 2nd GENERATION FORTRAN
SOGREAH, A. Preissmann IBM 650
1953 J.J. Stoker 1st application
1927 CFL – numerical theory
1895 Massau & characteristics
1871 B. de St.-Venant equations
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UNSA – Hydro-Europe - Software, models and simulation
conceptualisation informatics toolsModelling software and
Future ????? expertise as the service ?????
2005-2014-3D & 2D models & market availbale software with hundred thousands points of the grid.- Integration of facilitators (GIS, ARC) and fluid and pollution modelling. Parallel computation - - Some understanding of the Cluster networks uncertainty of numerical modelling New lap-top capacities results (SIMHYDRO) INTERNET !!!
1990-2014Massive marketing of “encapsulated” modelling softwareMassive use of modelling with market available codes:MIKE,TELEMAC & MASCARET, DELFT 3D, ISIS, HEC, etc.
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Hydraulics modelling software
SINCE 1995?
Conceptualisation – NOTHING REALLY NEW
Algorithms - INDIVIDUAL RESULTS (Guinot, Kutija,…)
NOT INTEGRATED IN COMMERCIAL CODES
Massive applications :• engineering studies• encapsulation (management & forecasting systems)
▬►ICT developments independent of modelling needsSTAGNATION ?
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Hydraulics modelling software
NUMERICAL METHODS USED :Finite Differences Method (FDM)Finite Elements Method (FEM)Finite Volumes Method
PROGRESS IN NUMERICS: Detailed treatment of discontinuities (jumps, shocks) Better understanding of boundary conditions for 2D
BUT
NOT INTEGRATED IN COMMERCIAL CODES!!!
WHY?
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Hydraulics modelling software
LACK OF DEMAND
LACK OF INSTITUTIONAL FINANCING
WEAK PROFIT MARGINS OF ENGINEERING REFUSAL OF
INVESTMENTRISKS
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Hydraulics modelling software
TALKING ABOUT ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
NEW SINCE 2000: - 2D AND 3D MODELS USING HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS COMPUTATIONAL POINTS!
-NOVELTIES THANKS TO THE COMPUTER AND ICT EVOLUTION BUT NO PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICAL OR PHYSICAL UNDERSTANDING
-LINKS WITH DATA PROCESSING (GIS, DTM, etc.) AND GRAPHICAL TREATMENT OF RESULTS
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MODELLING CODES – CURRENT SITUATION
• INDUSTRIAL DIVISION OF WORK - DEVELOPERS/USERS
• AVAILABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL CODES ON THE MARKET
TWO ILLUSIONS : « EVERYTHING can be found free on the WEB » « We can develop this ourselves from “open software” » !!!
Hydraulics modelling software
19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 19
Hydraulics modelling software
• RESULTS OF HISTORICAL EVOLUTION 1980 - 1990 In Europe:
- Emergence of suppliers of industrial-quality codes
- Impossibility within market framework to catch up with the latter (prohibitive costs)
- Two types of users
* those who have real expertise
* «slaves» of 2 or 3 codes, limited to standard applications
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Hydraulics modelling software
traditional consultants
High Tech:laboratories
developers andmodellers
Golden age: high margins,Strong demand
Engineering companies Users of industrial codes
Industrial age : weak margins,Ferocious competition, new kind of demand
Developers and suppliers of encapsulated products
Survive with obsolete, no investment, hidden maintenance costs
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Hydraulics modelling software
SOME APPLIED MARKET AVAILABLE CODES:
RIVERS AND INUNDABLE PLAINS
ONE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS (1-D)
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Hydraulics modelling software
MIKE 11 Owner: DHI (Denmark)
Developer: DHI (Denmark)
ISIS Owner: HALCROW (UK) &
Developer: Wallingford Research (UK)
MASCARETOwner: EDF (France)Developer: EDF (Fraance)
SOBEK
Owner: Delft Hydraulics (NL)
Déveloper: Delft Hydraulics (NL)
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Hydraulics modelling software
Free of charge available code:
HEC RAS Developer & Owner: US Army Corps of
Engineers
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Hydraulics modelling software
SOME OF MARKET AVAILABLE CODES:
RIVERS AND INUNDABLE PLAINS , COASTAL AREAS
TWO DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS (2-D)
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Hydraulics modelling software
MIKE 21 Owner: DHI (Denmark)Developer: DHI (Denmark)
TELEMAC 2-D
Owner: EDF (France)
Developer: EDF (France)
Commercialisation:
ARTELIA Group (FR),
HR Wallingford
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Hydraulics modelling software
Delft 3D/2D
Owner: Delft Hydraulics (NL)Developer: Delft Hydraulics (NL)
19/04/23 Dr. J. A. Cunge 27
“CLOUD COMPUTING” Software as a Service (SaaS)
40% of USA companies in 2009 !!!
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Service (Paas)And... In egngineering & modelling:
Software & Expertise as a Service
Near Future possibilities
Hydraulics modelling software
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INTEGRATION OF DENSE TELESENSOR NETWORKS WITHIN MODELLING PRACTICE & REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT, DRONES
MASSIVE APPLICATION OF GPUs (graphical processing units) instead CPUs
FORM- RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY (using GPUs) TO SCENARIO CHOICE FOR REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT
Hydraulics modelling software