1500’s europe. 1500’s educated europeans influenced by renaissance ideas secularism humanism...
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1500’s Europe
The Protestant Reformation
The Beginning1500’s Educated Europeans
influenced by Renaissance ideasSecularismHumanism
Wanted change in Catholic ChurchExtravagance and
hedonism
The Issues at HandPope Leo X
Trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s BasilicaAuthorized selling of
indulgences
Martin LutherGerman MonkBelieved in
Justification by FaithChurch was not
ultimate authority
The 95 Thesis95 Theses
Against indulgences and corruption in church
Advocated Justification by FaithIndulgence sales
went downBegan to affect the
finances of the Church
Want Luther wanted/believed… Developed the idea
of justification by faith
Having faith in God’s mercy and love was all that was needed to ensure entrance to heaven
Luther wanted to share this information with everyone – thought the Pope would agree, but the Pope just wanted $$ for his cathedral in Rome
The Pope Goes OffLeo X is angered by
effect of 95 ThesesAsks Martin Luther
to recant his criticisms
Luther refusesLuther is
condemned, excommunicated, and his works are banned
Edict of WormsPassed by Charles V
and Pope Leo XGerman princes meet
and try to convince Luther to recant
Still refusesMakes it a crime to
shelter/feed Luther or spread his word
While in hiding, Luther translates New Testament to German
The Conflict A Catholic agent was
in town, selling indulgences (get out of Purgatory free cards), giving people guilt-trips
“As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” – John Tetzel’s selling slogan
Luther’s Protector Fredrick the Wise
The Spread of LutheranismCatholicism
Catholicism stresses faith and good works necessary for salvation
Church Teachings necessary for spiritual guidance
Ritual Heavy Communion,
confession, baptism, etc.
Services in Latin
LutheranismSalvation by faith
aloneBible, not clergy, is
the only source of religious truth
Less ritualServices held in
vernacular (everyday language)
Up for interpretation
Protestantism SpreadsHuldrych Zwingli
Leads Prot. Movement in Switzerland
Stresses salvation by faith alone
Criticizes Catholic beliefs/practices
Wants to break from Catholic tradition
Desires a theocracy (church-run state)
John CalvinSets up a theocracy
in GenevaBelieves in
predestinationGod determines the
fate of every person
AnabaptistsAdult Baptisms
Believe that only a person who can make an informed decision should be baptised
Denied the authority of local gov’t to direct their lives
Refused to hold office, bear arms, swear oaths
Many were persecutedFled to North
AmericaPromoted religious
freedom and seperation of church and state
Branched off into:BaptistsMennonitesAmish
Henry VIIIKing of EnglandWants a divorce from
CatherineCould not produce a
male heirPope refuses stating
church rulesJust so happened
that Catherine was aunt of Charles V (HRE)
Henry abandons the Catholic ChurchPasses the Act of
SupremacyForms the Church of
England (Anglican) w/ the monarch as the head