15 Week Exam will be NEXT week!

• Focus on Chapters 14 – 15• Know 7 continents, 3 major oceans, 5 Great

Lakes• Earth Science as it relates to Biology: Latitude,

Longitude, hemispheres, rotation vs revolution, plate tectonics, layers of Earth, etc…

• Chapters 1 – 5 (key topics). Tie concepts together for “big picture”

• Scientific Method, reading charts/graphs and diagrams

VOCABULARY1. Artificial Selection

2. Natural Selection

3. Mimicry

4. Camouflage

5. Homologous structure

6. Analogous Structure

7. Embryo

8. Evolution

9. Darwin

A. Organism with favorable traits survive to breed

B. Blend with surroundings

C. Similar in function, different ancestor

D. Breeding for purpose of trait selection

E. Change in population over time

F. Created theory of evolution

G. Earliest stage of growth (plant & animal)

H. Feature in common with ancestor

I. Adaptation: resemble another species

5 Types of Evidence for Evolution:

• Adaptations– Structural

• Body parts (teeth, claws, etc…)• Mimicry• Camouflage

– Physiological• Changes in an organism’s metabolic process

– Ex (Antibiotics, resistance to chemicals & pesticides)

• Fossils• Anatomy

– Analogous structures– Homologous structures– Vestigial structures

• Embryology (earliest stage of growth very similar)• Biochemistry (DNA, ATP, enzymes shared between

species)

Mimicry: resemble another (dangerous) organism

Camoflauge: blend with surroundings

“Survival of the Fittest”

5 Types of Evidence for Evolution:

• Adaptations– Structural

• Body parts (teeth, claws, etc…)• Mimicry• Camouflage

– Physiological• Changes in an organism’s metabolic process

– Ex (Antibiotics, resistance to chemicals & pesticides)

• Fossils• Anatomy

– Analogous structures– Homologous structures– Vestigial structures

• Embryology (earliest stage of growth very similar)• Biochemistry (DNA, ATP, enzymes shared between

species)

Fossils: Evidence of Evolution

5 Types of Evidence for Evolution:

• Adaptations– Structural

• Body parts (teeth, claws, etc…)• Mimicry• Camouflage

– Physiological• Changes in an organism’s metabolic process

– Ex (Antibiotics, resistance to chemicals & pesticides)

• Fossils• Anatomy

– Analogous structures– Homologous structures– Vestigial structures

• Embryology (earliest stage of growth very similar)• Biochemistry (DNA, ATP, enzymes shared between

species)

Homologous Structures:

common ancestor w-similar structures

Analogous Structures:

similar function, different ancestors

CONVERGENT EVOLUTION – WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

• Vestigial structures

are thought to have

had a purpose at

one time in our

ancestry, but no

longer have a

specific function

(eg) human appendix

5 Types of Evidence for Evolution:

• Adaptations– Structural

• Body parts (teeth, claws, etc…)• Mimicry• Camouflage

– Physiological• Changes in an organism’s metabolic process

– Ex (Antibiotics, resistance to chemicals & pesticides)

• Fossils• Anatomy

– Analogous structures– Homologous structures– Vestigial structures

• Embryology (earliest stage of growth very similar)• Biochemistry (DNA, ATP, enzymes shared between

species)

- Similarities among embryos point to a common ancestor

• The embryos of different vertebrates show similar stages of embryonic development

• Neck pouches – in humans become ears & throat

- in fish become gills

Can you tell which embryo is which (cat, cow, horse, human)?

A –B – C – D –

Can you tell which embryo is which?

A – cat C - horseB – cow D - human

5 Types of Evidence for Evolution:

• Adaptations– Structural

• Body parts (teeth, claws, etc…)• Mimicry• Camouflage

– Physiological• Changes in an organism’s metabolic process

– Ex (Antibiotics, resistance to chemicals & pesticides)

• Fossils• Anatomy

– Analogous structures– Homologous structures– Vestigial structures

• Embryology (earliest stage of growth very similar)• Biochemistry (DNA, ATP, enzymes shared

between species)

The DNA of chimpanzees & humans is ~ 98% identical

• Many organisms share similar cellular components such as:

• Proteins – long chains of amino acids used

for building & repair• Enzymes – made from

proteins – they control many biochemical reactions in the cell

• DNA – genetic material found in the nucleus

5 Types of Evidence for Evolution:

1.Adaptations

2. Fossils

3. Anatomy

4. Embryology

5.Biochemistry