14cas06 brummer geneticadvancessymposium/2014/files/ppt/14... · 2014. 12. 24. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Gene$c Advances In Alfalfa and Grasses: Are We Making Progress? E. Charles Brummer UC-‐Davis, Alfalfa Breeding
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Outline
Yield Trends Four Ways
Summer Dormant Grasses
Other Traits
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0
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9 1909
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2009
Yield (ton
s ha-‐
1 )
y=0.001x + 2.1 R² = 0.005
y=0.006x + 3.3 R² = 0.14
y=0.08x + 4.5 R² = 0.94
y=0.001x + 2.1 R² = 0.005
Brummer and Casler. 2014. In. S. Smith (ed.) Yield Gains in Major U.S. Field Crops. CSSA, Madison, WI.
1989 – present Li`le to no gain
U.S. On-‐Farm Alfalfa Yield Trends
Major midwestern drought
1950 – 1987 Alfalfa yield gain ~2% per year Due to gene$cs ~2% per decade
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Brummer and Casler. 2014. In. S. Smith (ed.) Yield Gains in Major U.S. Field Crops. CSSA, Madison, WI.
U.S. On-‐Farm Alfalfa Yield Trends
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1919
1923
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1931
1935
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1971
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2011
Yield (ton
s ha-‐
1 )
CA
NM
KS
WI
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Brummer and Casler. 2014. In. S. Smith (ed.) Yield Gains in Major U.S. Field Crops. CSSA, Madison, WI.
Alfalfa Variety Trial Yield Trends
R² = 0.005 0
5
10
15
20
25
1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Total yield (t ha-‐
1 )
242 Yield Trials in Midwestern US/Can Average of top five cul$vars for 1st produc$on year yield
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Brummer and Casler. 2014. In. S. Smith (ed.) Yield Gains in Major U.S. Field Crops. CSSA, Madison, WI.
Alfalfa Variety Trial Yield Trends
Location No.
Trials R2 slope
Ames, IA 19 0.01 -0.03
Arlington, WI 22 0.17 0.25
East Lans., MI 22 0.01 0.03
Kemptville, ONT 13 0.25 -0.26
Rosemount, MN 23 0.06 0.08
242 Yield Trials in Midwestern US/Can Average of top five cul$vars for 1st produc$on year yield
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Year Trial Seeded
Yield First Full Produc$on Year
Top Five as Percentage of
Vernal Top Five Vernal
1999 8.8 7.5 117%
2004 9.0 8.0 113%
2010 8.4 7.6 110%
Is California Different? UC-‐Davis Alfalfa Variety Trials, Tulelake, CA
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But over (me aren’t new cul$vars be`er?
Harvest Year Trial Mean Yield Vernal Mean as a percentage
of Vernal
2000 8.3 7.5 111
2001 7.6 7.3 103
2002 9.2 8.9 103
2003 6.8 7.0 98
Average 7.2 7.0 103
2005 8.6 8.0 107
2006 8.9 8.4 105
2007 7.5 7.3 102
2008 7.4 6.9 107
2009 7.7 7.9 98
Average 7.5 7.2 104
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Yield vs Year of Cul$var Release
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But what about the rest of CA?
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Brummer and Casler. 2014. In. S. Smith (ed.) Yield Gains in Major U.S. Field Crops. CSSA, Madison, WI.
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We conclude that across the cool-‐season perennial forage species, li`le to no yield gain has been observed in general. However, programs that have focused directly on yield as a selec$on criterion have improved yield. A greater commitment from all breeders to improving yield is needed to keep forage-‐based produc$on systems compe$$ve with annual grain and oilseed systems.
Brummer and Casler. 2014. Cool-‐Season Forages. In Yield Gains in Major US Field Crops.
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Li & Brummer, 2012, Agronomy 2:40
Predic$ng yield using markers
Faster methods to es$mate yield among breeding lines – using sensors and GPS could further increase progress
Our data show poten$al for increased gene$c gain using markers
Mul$ple marker selec$ons per phenotypic cycle
1-‐A
1-‐B
2-‐A
2-‐B
3-‐A
3-‐B
4-‐A
4-‐B
5-‐A
5-‐B
Year & season
R
E
E
E
S&R
E
E
E
S&R
E
Phenotypic selec$on
R
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
S&R
S&R
S&R
S&R
S&R
S&R
Build model
Update model
Marker-‐based genomic selec$on
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Improving alfalfa
Total yield
Nutri$ve value
Yield under stress (Al, drought, salinity)
Insect/disease resistance
Grazing tolerance
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Nutri$ve Value
Breeding for higher yield could depress nutri$ve value – may explain yield stagna$on
New high quality cul$vars
Hi-‐Gest® Low Lignin – Non-‐transgenic
HarvXtra™ Alfalfa – Trangenic Low Lignin
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Commercial Breeding Targets
Salt Selected No Selec8on
Selected and Evaluated Under Deficit Irriga8on
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Summer Dormant Fescue Adapta$on
Expand tall fescue growing regions with summer dormant germplasm
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Summer Ac$ve
Summer Dormant
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Yield, establishment, and maturity of Summer Ac$ve Winter yield and summer survival of Summer Dormant
Hybrids are par$ally sterile = poor seed produc$on
Summer Dormant x Ac$ve Hybrids
Markers for summer dormancy to facilitate introgression
Summer dormant orchardgrass has similar promise
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Conclusions
Li`le to no gene$c progress has been observed for forage yield in alfalfa and grasses over the past 20 years
Selec$ng for yield in addi$on to improved nutri$ve value and persistence is needed
Opportuni$es for grasses in California
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Thank you