1/44 january 2002 presentation framework presentation of the french cadastre bd parcellaire®...

January 2002

1/44

PRESENTATION FRAMEWORK

• PRESENTATION OF THE FRENCH CADASTRE

• BD PARCELLAIRE® HISTORICAL REVIEW

• TECHNICAL ASPECTS

• OUTLOOKS

Presentation of BD Parcellaire®

• The French Cadastre

• Historical review

• Technical aspects

• Outlooks

January 2002

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CADASTRE

DEFINITIONS

• Official and updated system of real estate management ; the basic unit is the parcel, which is geographically marked and linked to documentation on land property and interests

• Documentation :– large scale map (parcels representation)– literal documentation describing the rights associated to

the parcel

• The system to carry out and updated this documentation





• Outlooks

January 2002

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CADASTRE

MISSIONS

• technical and documentary– cadastral map production and updating – digitizing of cadastral map – large scale surveys– documentation availability : consultation, diffusion

• land-related– property identification (parcel number, lot number)– property description

• fiscal– taxable properties registration– identification of property taxpayer– property valuation





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• Before the French Revolution :– fiscal role – great heterogeneity regarding to regions and time :

• presence of a cadastral registrer• quality of the cadastral registrer• kind of taxes

• The French Revolution : political will but lack of means– vote of a one land property tax– adoption of the metric system– attempted setting up of a standardized cadastral registrer





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• Founding of the Cadastre :– Act of Septembre 15th 1807– Napoleonic cadastre– completed during the first part of the XIX century– use of local referential

• The Napoleonic cadastre deficiencies :– errors– updating has not been planned– big changes in land properties during the XIX century

(urbanization, industrialization, …)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• Renovation of the Cadastre– Act of April 16th 1930– involves the whole French territory– 3 methods :

• updating : the old cadastral registrer is kept (rural areas)• new cadastral registrer • redoing : new cadastral registrer with property

delimitations in the presence of the parties involved (urban areas)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• 1948 : the property tax becomes a local tax• land re-allocations• 1955 : reform of land publicity (accordance of

cadastral registrer and mortgage registrer) • 1970 : latest general updating of built properties

valuation• 1974 : Act on cadastral registrer revision• technical evolutions :

– miniaturization and digitizing of literal documentation– photogrammetry– use of GPS





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP

• Cadastral subdivisions :– administrative district : setting-up unit – section – subdivision of section (sheet)– parcel– fiscal subdivision

• Composition :– sheet index– one map sheet per section or subdivision of section





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP

• one only format for section maps : « grand aigle »– various scales– heterogeneous quality– various orientation

• map is exclusively planimetric• represented features :

– parcel boundaries (physical and legal)– parcel and number (unicity of the parcel number),

occasionally fiscal subdivision– buildings– topographic features– toponyms (place names, road numbers, …)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP : PRODUCTION PROCESSES

• Updating : Napoleonic cadastral map50 % of the territory (rural areas)

• New cadastral registrer :completely new regular map30 % of the territory

• Redoing :completely new regular mapproperty delimitations in the presence of the parties involved20% of the territory (urban areas)

Act of 1930 on the

Cadastre renovation





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE


• Revision :– new cadastral map, modern methods (photogrammetry)

– in case of a defective cadastral map (ex : scale is too small)

– recently urbanized areas

• Land re-allocation :– mainly rural areas (agricultural)

– land reorganization (grouping of land properties)

– carried out by land surveyors (boundary marking)

• Special case of Alsace-Moselle– historical context (German occupation from 1870 to 1918)

– overall boundary marking





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE


Updating New Redoing Reallocation Revision

Scale

Section

Reference system

Quality

1:625, 1:1250, 1:2500, 1:5000

1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:4000

1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:4000

1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:4000

1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:4000

A1, A2, Bu AB, AC, BC AB, AC, BC AB, AC, BC

local local or Lambert by zone

Lambert by zone

Lambert by zone

poor medium rather good good good

ZA, ZB, ZC





• Outlooks

local or Lambert by zone

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP : UPDATING

• Land-surveying documents :– carried out by land surveyors– from existing cadastral map– on landowner request – parcel division, land subdivision, boundary marking– attribution of new parcel numbers

• Registry sketches :– carried out by Cadastre surveyors (DGI : Central tax office,

Ministry of Finance)– mainly buildings– annual updating (theoretically)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP : REVISION

• Local decree (information of the population)• Setting up of new section boundaries• Aerial survey (usually 1: 4000 scale for a cadastral map at

1: 1000 scale)• Stereopreparation :

– pre-marking – use of GPS

• Stereoplotting (photogrammetry)• Field completion (roof edges, toponyms, boundaries, …)• Legal search (allocation and grouping of parcels)• Production of the new cadastral map (content, parcel numbers, …)• Diffusion of the results





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

LITERAL DOCUMENTATION

• Paper documents (sources)– declarations

– land surveying documents, registry sketches

– administrative act certificates

– descriptions of land division

• Microfiches (property titles, list of parcels, premises register, properties by lot)

• Digital database : MAJIC 2 (since 1991)– file of built properties

– file of unbuilt properties

– file of landowners

– file of addresses (FANTOIR)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP DIGITIZING

• Need of local administrations, network management companies, …

• Agreements with DGI (Central tax office) (from 1993 to 1998)– DGI provides updated data and pays 30%

– DGI enforces specifications (TOR)

– the other partners pay the remaining 70 %

• Standardized product = PCI (Digital cadastral map)

• Technical problems :– georeferencing in Lambert system (« lambertization »)

– merging

• Since 1998, agreements with DGI go on but without funding from DGI





• Outlooks

January 2002

17/44 36 565 districts

THE FRENCH CADASTRE

Districts with vector PCI

Departments fully covered by vector PCI (agreement with DGI)

Date : Dec. 2001





• Outlooks

January 2002

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THE FRENCH CADASTRE

CADASTRAL MAP DIGITIZING

• about 6 800 districts involved in cadastral map digitizing (PCI), through agreements with DGI :– about 3,500 agreements– about 2,000 certifications by DGI – about 1,300 integrations in vector PCI

• standardized digital cadastral map is available for about 19 % of the territory and 50 % of the population

• some digital cadastral maps have been completed without DGI agreement (ex : Paris)

December 2001





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• overall cadastral map digitizing : – a decision from DGI (Central tax office) in 1998– scanning of the whole 500,000 cadastral maps

raster PCI– 3 invitations to tender in 1999 :

• scanner• software for creation of parcel identifiers

(ponctual object) (automatic text recognition, …)• software for management and updating of scanned

section maps

– scanner has been bought but the 2 other invitations to tender have been cancelled ...





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• Preliminary study for the production of a cadastral database : – carried out in IGN from October 1998 to July 1999– objectives :

• taking stock of the situation (quality of cadastral maps, research, …)

• scanning specifications and assessment• tests of georeferencing • geometric rectification of the cadastral maps• vectorization and database integration





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®HISTORICAL REVIEW

• Preliminary study for the production of a cadastral database :

– technical recommendations :• to use BD ORTHO® + BD TOPO® as a reference for

data matching• to use transformations without geometric

deformation (Helmert) for georeferencing, if possible• otherwise to use transformations with geometric

deformations (rubberband adjustment, triangulation)

– study of other aspects of the problem :• economical, legal, social (respective tasks of IGN and

DGI, and consequences for both staffs)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®HISTORICAL REVIEW : PRELIMINARY STUDY





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®HISTORICAL REVIEW

• IGN decisions

– 2 types of BD Parcellaire®

• vector data where digital cadastral maps have been carried out in the scope of agreements with the DGI

• raster data elsewhere

– 3 stages : studies and design of models (2000-01)

• production on pilote areas of Greater Paris (early 2002)

• production on the whole territory

– objective : BD Parcellaire® must be coherent with BD TOPO® and BD ORTHO® (the 3 products being parts of the national large scale reference system : RGE)

– setting up of a technical support staff





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

HISTORICAL REVIEW

The Lengagne report * need of a cadastral layer in RGE (national large

scale reference system) : BD Parcellaire®

* In 2000, MP Guy Lengagne conducted a study that enables to clarify the needs of geographic information in France ; following his recommendations, an interministerial decision in September 2001 set up the creation of a large scale reference system for the whole French territory (RGE), composed of 4 compatible databases (topographic, orthophotographic, cadastral and addresses) and planned to be completed by 2006-07





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• DGI* situation – scanning tests in1999 but no software for updating

scanning is postponed– software for updating has been chosen recently (APIC)– a software for creation of parcel identifiers is in the process

of invitation to tender – software acceptance, training, production set-up– scanning is planned from September 2002 to the end of 2003– agreements for vector PCI (digital cadastral map) go on

* DGI : Central tax office, Ministry of Finance





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

HISTORICAL REVIEW

• agreement between IGN and DGI (Feb. 2001)

– DGI supplies to IGN :• images (scanned cadastral maps)• parcel identifiers (referenced with image coordinates)

– IGN supplies to DGI : • georeferencing of the scanned cadastral maps• BD ORTHO®





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS : PRODUCTS

• BD Parcellaire® - PCV (Plan Cadastral Vecteur) (vector database) :– parcels– cadastral divisions (sections, subdivisions of section)– buildings

• BD Parcellaire® - SCAN (raster database) :– georeferenced images (1 km square tiles)– parcel identifiers– cadastral divisions– administrative districts– metadata





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS : SCANNING (DGI)

• 300 dpi in grey levels• threshold black and white image • 1 file per cadastral map• 24 characters for file name (information on district,

section, scale, quality, …)• packbit coding (1 byte enables to code 8 pixels)• TIFF format • one cadastral map :

– from 1 to 1.5 Mb – about 9,000 x 12,000 pixels





• Outlooks

January 2002

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TECHNICAL ASPECTS : BD ORTHO® REFERENCE

• current BD ORTHO® :– use of existing DTMs :

• BD TOPO® (accuracy from 2.5 to 5m)• BD ALTI® (accuracy from 2.5 to 20 m)

– use of existing Ground Control Points (GCP) :

• from recent or old field surveys

• BD ORTHO® release 2 :– from 2003– improvement of DTMs– gradual use of digital camera (longer focal)– same planning as BD TOPO® Pays

specific GCPs

BD Parcellaire®

BD ORTHO® accuracy from

1 to 10m (EMQ)

(checking : from 1 to 4m)

BD ORTHO® accuracy

from 1 to 2m





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS :

BD Parcellaire®-SCAN PRODUCTION PROCESS

• for each cadastral map :– main zone extraction – orientation (using the North arrow) – scaling

• map assembling within the district boundaries (coming from BD CARTO®)

approximate georeferencing : about 20m





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS : PROBLEM DEFINTION

• 500,000 « grand-aigle »-format cadastral maps

• orientation variation• scale variation : from 1:625 to 1:5000• zoom developments• various quality and appearance• no geographic grid system (usually)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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• Main zone extraction

BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS : BD Parcellaire®-SCAN PRODUCTION PROCESS





• Outlooks

January 2002

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h

L

lS

• Definition of a parametric North arrow model

• Model refinement and symmetry axis extraction

• Conformity on every connected component

on the map

BD Parcellaire®Map orientation





• Outlooks

January 2002

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Administrative layerfrom BDCarto

• Merging of the components of the whole district

• Main zone extraction

BD Parcellaire®

PUZZLE RESOLUTION

• Map orientation





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS :


• section maps with grid system (Lambert) :– automatic recognition of ticks– tick matching

• section maps without grid system :– automatic recognition of homologous

segments between the scanned section map (raster) and BD ORTHO®

– computation of the best overalltransformation

Accurate georeferencing

of cadastralmaps





• Outlooks

January 2002

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Extraction of cadastral boundaries

Vectorization

Chaining

Lenght threshold

BD Parcellaire®





• Outlooks

January 2002

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Automatic recognition of homologous segments within images

BD Parcellaire®





• Outlooks

BD ORTHO®

scanned cadastral map

(raster)

January 2002

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Segments matching

• for each segment, a set of potential homologous segments is available

• search of the mathematic transformation (T) that enables to match at the best the greatest number of segments

A

B

T(A)

T(B)

BD Parcellaire®





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS :


• section maps assembling : with manual operations if necessary

• consistency checking using BD TOPO® network ; otherwise adjustment by triangulation

• specific operations (zoom developments, …)

• transformations are applied to parcel identifiers along the process





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS :

BD Parcellaire®-PCV (vector) PRODUCTION PROCESS

• selection of buildings and parcels from files in EDIGEO data format (after digitizing)

• section maps assembling, consistency checking using BD TOPO® network

• data format transformation for diffusion, projection transformation if necessary





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®

TECHNICAL ASPECTS : UPDATING

• BD Parcellaire® SCAN :– scanning for the creation of the raster PCI (digital

cadastral map) only – DGI updates the raster PCI (vector updating over

the raster PCI, then merging of the vector layer within the raster file)

– IGN stores all the transformations that have been applied to each section map, and thus can apply them again after updating

• BD Parcellaire® PCV :– DGI updates vector PCI – IGN applies again the transformations to the new data





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®OUTLOOKS

• invitation to tender for a software dedicated to BD parcellaire® production :– algorithms from MATIS * research laboratory (puzzle,

georeferencing, ...) are provided for free by IGN– several options are possible

• production :– 25 % carried out by IGN– 75 % carried out by subcontractors

• end is planned by 2007 on the whole territory (including overseas departments)

* MATIS : Méthodes d ’Analyse et de Traitement d ’Images pour la Stéréorestitution (Image analysis and processing for stereoplotting)





• Outlooks

January 2002

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BD Parcellaire®OUTLOOKS : RECENT FACTS

• BD parcellaire® specifications : under the process of validation by CNIG (National Commitee for Geographic Information )

• TOR (Terms of reference) for the software dedicated to BD Parcellaire® production : under the process of being written

• Georeferencing tests in cooperation with DGI

• Software from MATIS research laboratory : under the process of being tested in production

• Vector BD Parcellaire® on Greater Paris : completed by the end of 2002 (database integration of vector PCI on 85 districts)

• Launching the production of raster BD Parcellaire® before the end of 2002 (scanning is planned to start in DGI in November)





• Outlooks

1/44 january 2002 presentation framework presentation of the french cadastre bd parcellaire®...

Documents

cadastre act

cadastre missions technical

french revolution

french territory

cadastral registrer

old cadastral registrer

cadastre definitions

mortgage registrer