140990694 crash testing of cars ppt

7/27/2019 140990694 Crash Testing of Cars Ppt

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SEMINAR ON: CRASH TESTING OF CARS

RAJARAJESWARI COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING

GUIDE:

Asst Prof. ANAND AARJUN B A

1RR09ME007

Presented by


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Every year, over 80,000 people die on Indian roads; every five road

accidents leave one dead. Driving a car isn't a big deal, all that matters is how safer one drives

it.

In recent years, cars have got much safer, because a thorough

crash-testing program is critical for the car makers.

Frontal collisions, offset collisions, cars hitting another vehicle or

object in the traffic environment they are all tested using cars of

different sizes.

Each vehicle's overall evaluation is based on three aspects of

performance:

1. Measurements of unwanted force into the occupant compartment.

2. Injury measures from a dummy positioned in the driver seat.

3. Analysis of slow-motion film to assess how well the restraint system

controls dummy movement during the test.


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Highly advanced crash simulator that could best simulate the real roadconditions, and capture the details required for crash analysis.Lighting system, which can provide up to 750,000 watts of

illumination without glare to film tests in slow motion. The resultingpictures must be clear and dramatic.

Supercomputers that crash tests non-existing cars.

The basic infrastructure, any crashtesting facility would need are:

A crash laboratory with anadvanced high-tech crashbarrier.

An outdoor test track thataccommodates research fordifferent weather conditions.

Equipment for advancedcomponent testing.


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The dummy's job is tosimulate a human being

during a crash, whilecollecting data that wouldnot be possible to collectfrom a human occupant.

A dummy is built frommaterials that mimic thephysiology of the humanbody.

For example, it has a spine

made from alternatinglayers of metal discs andrubber pads.

Euro SID II


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Dummies provide vital clues to what happens in a crash. Before the crash-test dummies are placed in the vehicle, researchers apply

different colors of paint to the parts of the dummies' bodies most likely to hitduring a crash. The paint marks in the car will indicate what part of the body hit what partof the vehicle inside the cabin. This information helps researchers develop improvements to prevent thattype of injury in future crashes.

PARTS

Head

The head is made of aluminum and covered in rubber 'flesh'. Inside, three

accelerometers are set at right angles, each providing data on the forces andaccelerations to which the brain would be subjected in a crash.

Neck

Features measuring devices to detect the bending ,shear and tensionforces on the neck as the head is thrown forwards and backwards during the

impact.


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Arm

Neither carries any instrumentation. In a crash test, the arms flyaround in an uncontrolled way, and although serious injuries areuncommon, it is difficult to provide worthwhile protection against them.

Chest front impact)

Steel ribs are fitted for Hybrid III with movement sensors that recordsdeflection of the rib cage in the frontal impact. Injuries result if forcesexerted on the chest, such as from the seat belt are too great.

Chest side impact)

The side-impact dummy, Euro SID II, has a different chest from theothers and three ribs are instrumented with movement sensors to recordcompression of the chest and the velocity of this compression.

AbdomenEuro SID II is equipped with sensors to record forces likely to causeabdominal injury.

Pelvis

Euro Sid II consists of instruments fitted in its pelvic girdle. Theyrecord lateral forces that result in fractures and hip-joint dislocation.


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Surviving a crash is all about kinetic energy.

When the body of occupant is moving, it has acertain amount of kinetic energy.

After the crash, when it comes to a completestop, it will have zero kinetic energy.

To minimize risk of injury, removing the kineticenergy as slowly and evenly as possible is done

by some of the following safety systems in thecar: -

1. As soon as car hits the barrier the seatbelt canthen absorb some of your energy before theairbag deploys.

2. Milliseconds later as the driver moves forwardtowards the airbag, the force in the seatbeltholding him back would start to hurt him, sothe force limiters make sure that the force inthe seatbelts doesn't get too high.

3. Next, the airbag deploys and absorbs somemore of your forward motion while protectingyou from hitting anything hard.


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Frontal Crash Test

Offset Crash Test

Side Impact Test

Pole Crash Test


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FRONTAL CRASH TEST

The kinetic energy involved in the frontal crash testdepends on the speed and weight of the test vehicle.

Crashing the full width of a vehicle into a rigid barriermaximizes energy absorption so that the integrity ofthe occupant compartment can be maintained well inall; but not in very high-speed crashes.

At 35 mph (56 kph), the

car runs straight into asolid concrete barrier.

This is equivalent to a carmoving at 35 mph hittinganother car of comparableweight moving at 35 mph.


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In offset tests, only one side of a vehicle's

front end, not the full width, hits the barrier sothat a smaller area of the structure, about 40%

of the width of the front of the vehicle on the

driver's side must manage the crash energy.

In the offset crash test the vehicle travels at

40mph (64kph) and collides with a crushablealuminum barrier, which makes the forces in

the test similar to those involved in a frontal

offset crash between two vehicles of the same

weight.

The structure and design of the vehicle istested from the resulting crash forces,

particularly on the driver's side.


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In the side test a sled (of about

1,368-kg) with a deformable

"bumper" runs into the side of the

test vehicle at around 31 mph.

The test simulates a car that is

crossing an intersection being sideswiped by a car running a red light.

Side impact head airbags deploy,

which help to protect the head and

the torso airbags which protect thebody.

Side impacts can be of two types:

- perpendicular impact and angled

impact .


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In the test, the car tested ispropelled sideways at 17mph

(29kph) into a rigid pole. The pole is relatively narrow, so

there is major penetration intothe side of the car.

Side impact head airbags deploy,

which help to protect the headby providing a padding effectand by preventing the head frompassing through the windowopening.

In an impact without the headprotecting airbag, a driver's headcould hit the pole with sufficientforce to cause a fatal headinjury.


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Anti lock Brake Systems

Side Impact Bars/Side Door beams

Fuel Tank safety

Seat Belts

Air Bags

Non jamming Doors

Collapsible Steering


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IIHS FRONTAL CRASH TEST TEST DETAILS:

Restraints/dummy kinematics Dummy movement was well controlled.

The driver side curtain and side torso airbags deployed during the crash.

After the dummy moved forward into the frontal airbag, it rebounded into theseat without its head not coming close to any stiff structure that could cause

injury. Injury measures Measures taken from the dummy indicate a low risk of any

significant injuries in a crash of this severity.

OVERALL EVALUATION:

Good Acceptable Marginal Poor

Structure/safety cage

Injury measures

Restraints/dummy kinematicsHead/neck Chest Leg/foot, left Leg/foot, right


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TEST DETAILS:

Driver the dummys head was protected from being hit byany hard structures, including the intruding barrier, by a sidecurtain airbag that deployed from the roof and a side airbagthat deployed from the seat.

The frontal airbag also deploys during the test.

OVERALL EVALUATION:


Structure/safety cage

Injury measures

Restraints/dummy kinematicsHead/neck Chest Leg/foot, left Leg/foot, right


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TEST DETAILS:

Driver Measures taken from the dummy indicate that afracture of the pelvis would be possible in a crash of thisseverity. The risk of significant injuries to other body regionsis low.

Rear passenger Measures taken from the dummy indicate alow risk of any significant injuries in a crash of this severity as

the Side impact head airbags, torso airbags and the airbagsfrom the roof was deployed.

OVERALL EVALUATION:


Injury measures

Head protection Structure/safety cageHead/neck Torso Pelvis/leg

Driver

Rear passenger


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Ratings forFrontal-Impact

Test

No. of

Stars

Result

5 10% or lower chance of serious injury

4 11% to 20% chance of serious injury



1 46% or greater chance of serious injury

No. of

Stars

Result

5 5% or lower chance of serious injury4 6% to 10% chance of serious injury



1 26% or greater chance of serious injury

Ratings forSide-Impact

Test


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Other, Overall Rollover Rating:..****

Side, Rear Seat:..*****

Overall, Overall: *****

Side - Pole Barrier combined (REAR):..*****

Front, Overall Front:.***** Side - Pole Barrier combined (FRONT):..*****

Front, Driver's: ..****

Side, Front Seat:.***** Side - Barrier, Side - Barrier: .*****

Front, Passenger's:*****


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Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS- U.S)

Euro NCAP: Established in 1997 and now backed by fiveEuropean Government

New Car Assessment Japan: evaluates the safety ofautomobiles currently on the Japanese market.

Australian NCAP (ANCAP): Australian and New Zealandautomobile clubs supports Australian New Car AssessmentProgram (ANCAP).

India has centers for crash testing at the AutomotiveResearch Association of India (ARAI) and Society of IndianAutomobile Manufacturers (SIAM) in Bangalore.

Tata Motorss is the only carmaker in India that has a crash-test facility located at their plant in Pune established in 1996.


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Crash testing leads to improvement of the safetysystems.

These systems again have to be tested for theirworkability during a crash.

Hence crash testing plays a vital role in continuousimprovement of the safety systems.

Design changes in vehicles like the crumple zonesand the location of engine block have been the

results of evolution of crash testing. Therefore in future, crash testing could suggest

many more design changes, which could furtherminimize the probability of injury during a crash.


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Paper on Offset crash tests Observations about

vehicle design and structural performance- by MichaelPaine; Vehicle Design and Research Pty Limited;DonaldMcGrane Crash lab, NSW Roads and Traffic Authority;

Jack Haley NRMA Limited.

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (www.iihs.com)http://www.tata.com/tata_motors/articles/index.htmhttp://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/testing/ncap/www.howstuffworks.comwww.aj.com


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DRIVE SAFE

140990694 crash testing of cars ppt

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