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all !ther #ers!ns )incl$din5 the #atentee*, any ri5ht in res#ect !f the #atented

inenti!n, and 8e-cl$sie licensee8 shall be c!nstr$ed acc!rdin5ly;

)5* [Clause (g) omitted by the Patents (Amdt.) Act, 2005, w.e.. !"!"2005#)h* 85!ernment $nderta?in58 means any ind$strial $nderta?in5 carried !n)i* by a de#artment !f the 5!ernment; !r

)ii* by a c!r#!rati!n established by a Central, Pr!incial !r State Act, which is !wned !rc!ntr!lled by the 5!ernment; !r

)iii* by a 5!ernment c!m#any as defined in secti!n :17 !f the C!m#anie Act, 19@:)1 !f19@:* 1[;!r>

1[)i* by an instit$ti!n wh!lly !r s$bstantially financed by the /!ernment;> [Certain wordsomitted by the Patents (Amdt.) Act, 2005, w.e.. !"!"2005# [)i* 8Hi5h C!$rt8, in relati!n t! a State !r ni!n territ!ry, means the Hi5h C!$rt hain5

territ!rial B$risdicti!n in that State !r ni!n territ!ry, as the case may be;>.[)ia* 8internati!nal a##licati!n8 means an a##licati!n f!r #atent made in acc!rdance withthe Patent C!!#erati!n Treaty;>

[)B* 8inenti!n8 means a new #r!d$ct !r #r!cess in!lin5 an inentie ste# and ca#able!f ind$strial a##licati!n;

[)Ba* 8inentie ste#8 means a feat$re !f an inenti!n that in!les technical adance asc!m#ared t! the e-istin5 ?n!wled5e !r hain5 ec!n!mic si5nificance !r b!th and that

ma?es the inenti!n n!t !bi!$s t! a #ers!n s?illed in the art;>)?* 8le5al re#resentatie8 means a #ers!n wh! in law re#resents the estate !f a deceased

#ers!n;[)1* 8new inenti!n8 means any inenti!n !r techn!l!5y which has n!t been antici#ated

by #$blicati!n in any d!c$ment !r $sed in the c!$ntry !r elsewhere in the w!rldbef!re the date !f filin5 !f #atent a##licati!n with c!m#lete s#ecificati!n, i+e+ the

s$bBect matter has n!t fallen in #$blic d!main !r that it d!es n!t f!rm #art !f the state!f the art;

)m* 8#atent8 means a #atent f!r any inenti!n 5ranted $nder this Act;>1[)ia* 8#harmace$tical s$bstance8 means any new entity in!lin5 !ne !r m!re inentie

ste#s;>[)la* 8##!siti!n !ard8 means an ##!siti!n !ard c!nstit$ted $nder s$b)n* 8#atent a5ent8 means a #ers!n f!r the time bein5 re5istered $nder this Act as a #atent

a5ent;)!* 8#atented article8 and 8#atented #r!cess8 mean res#ectiely an article !r #r!cess in

res#ect !f which a #atent is in f!rce;.[)!a* 8Patent C!

Dashin5t!n !n the 19th day !f $ne, 1970 as amended and m!dified fr!m time t!time;>

1 %nserted by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00@, w+e+f+ 1

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An /assinee/ is a person to !ho& an assin&ent is &ade0 rantee# Assinee in fact isone to !ho& an assin&ent has been &ade in fact b" the part" havin the riht0 and assinee inla! is one in !ho& the la! vests the riht, as an executor or ad&inistrator#

Assinee &eans a person appointed b" another to do an" act or perfor& an" business0also a person !ho takes so&e riht, title or interest in thins b" an assin&ent fro& an assinor#The" are divided into.12 assinees b" deed, as !hen a lessee of a ter& sells or assins it toanother, and 2 assinees b" la!, as !hen propert" devolves upon an executor !ithout an"specific appoint&ent, the executor is assinee in la! to the testator#.)harton's Law Lexicon."apable of nd#stral applcaton

An invention, in order to be patentable, &ust be capable of bein &ade or used in so&ekind of industr"# )n this context, /industr"/ should be understood in its broadest sense as includinan" useful, practical activit" as distinct fro& purel" intellectual or aesthetic activit", and does notnecessaril" i&pl" the use of a &achine or the &anufacture of an article# An /invention/ !ithin the&eanin of the Act is an invention for a &anner of ne! &anufacture that is in so&e !a"

associated !ith trade and co&&erce0 &eanin traffic in oods, i#e#, exchane of co&&odities for&one" or other co&&odities.Sri Ga*alaksh+i Ginnin -actory Ltd. v. C!T #$/&0 &&!T" /1&Mad0. Trade or co&&erce is carried !ith profit &otive# The expression /invention/ has, therefore,been defined in the *atents Act, 1945 to &ean &anner of &anufacture0 &achine0 substanceproduced b" &anufacture# The invention relates to the skill art2, series of action process2 or theparticular !a" &ethod2 or the !a" &anner2 of &akin a product or thin# )t also relates to&achine or apparatus b" !hich a thin is &ade and also the product !hich is the result of act of&akin# All these are associated !ith /&anufacture/, !hich !ord

7 denotes either a thin &ade !hich is useful for its o!n sake and vendible as such0 or7 &eans an enine or instru&ent to be e&plo"ed either in the &akin of so&e

previousl" kno!n article or in so&e useful purpose or extendin to ne! process to becarried on b" kno!n i&ple&ents or ele&ents actin upon kno!n substances andulti&atel" producin so&e other kno!n sbstance, but producin it in a cheaper or&ore expeditious &anner, or of a better or &ore useful kind# See ". v. )heeler#2#$0 6 3 id4/, uoted !ith approval in Bo+5ayarwal Co. v. "a+chand!"#$/4 Na. #/6. The focus in on /&anufacture/#

"ontroller

:nder section 312 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, the $entral %overn&ent &a", b";otification in the 'fficial %a(ette, appoint a person to be kno!n as the $ontrollereistrar of Trade Marks for the purposes ofthat Act# The said officer shall be the $ontroller for the purposes of the *atents Act also#"on$enton applcaton

$onvention is an aree&ent or co&pact0 especiall", international aree&ent0 e##

%eneva $onvention# )t is an asse&bl" or &eetin of &e&bers or representatives of political,leislative, fraternal, etc# oranisations#

:nder section 13? of the *atents Act, !here a person has &ade an application for apatent in respect of an invention in a convention countr" and that person or the lealrepresentative or assinee of that person &akes an application under the Act for a patent !ithin1 &onths after the date on !hich the basic application !as &ade, the priorit" date of a clai& ofthe co&plete specification bein a clai& based on &atter disclosed in the basic application, is thedate of the basic application#Convention country

@ith reard to international arrane&ents in respect of patents, !ith a vie! to thefulfil&ent of a treat", convention or arrane&ent !ith an" countr" outside )ndia !hich affords to

applicants for patents in )ndia or to citi(ens of )ndia si&ilar privilees as are ranted to its o!nciti(ens in

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respect of the rant of patents and protection of patent rihts, the $entral %overn&ent&a" declare such countr" to be a convention countr" for the purposes of the Act, vide section133#

%strct "o#rtSection +2 of the $ode of $ivil *rocedure, 1958 sa"s that, /district/ &eans the local

li&its of the urisdiction of a *rincipal $ivil $ourt of oriinal urisdiction called a /=istrict $ourt/2and includes the local li&its of the ordinar" oriinal civil urisdiction of a ih $ourt#

&'cl#s$e lcence

The expression /exclusive/ is explicit and sinificant !hen the expression is explicit, it isconclusive, alike in !hat it sa"s and in !hat it does not sa"# This is corroborated b" the use of theexpression /clai&/ for all purposes.Charan Lal Sah7 v. 8nion of !ndia !" #$$1 SC #21 )n thecontext of Bhopal %as eak =isaster *rocessin of $lai&s2 Act, 198?2#

Cxclusive licene is the exclusive riht ranted b" patent holder to licensee to use,&anufacture, and sell patented article# )t is the per&ission to do a thin and contract not to ive

leave to an" one else to do the sa&e thin.(ver+an C7shion Tire Co. v. Goodyear Tire and"755er Co. C.C.. N. 9. /$ -. &d $$2, $$$. )t is a licence !hich binds the licensor not to enlarethereafter the scope of other licences alread" ranted, or increase the nu&ber of licences, is anexclusive licence.Mechanical !ce Tray Cor:oration v. General Motors Cor:oration, C.C..N. 9.# -. &d %&1,&%/.

An /exclusive licensee/ is one ranted exclusive riht and licence to use, &anufacture,and sell patented article0 one havin exclusive rihtto use patented &ethod and apparatus indesinated territor"#.=eDteD v. Chishol+, C.C..N.9. & -. &d #%&, #%4; awkinson Co.v. Carnell, C.C..

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ise, a plede# :nder section v2 of the Monopolies and >estrictive Trade *ractices Act, 1969,/undertakin/ &eans an undertakin !hich is enaed in the production, suppl", distribution orcontrol of oods of an" description or the provision of service of an" kind#

:ndertakin &eans the entire orani(ation# A co&pan" !hether it has a plant or!hether it has an orani(ation is considered as one !hole unit, and the entire business of theoin concern is e&braced !ithin the !ord -undertakin-#."7sto+ Cavas*ee Coo:er v 8nion of!ndia !" #$%1 SC /?@ #$%10 # SC /?@ #$%10& SC 4%.

The ter& /undertakin/ &ust be defined as an" business or an" !ork or proectresultin in &aterial oods or &aterial services and !hich one enaes in or atte&pts as anenterprise analoous to business or trade#.Secretary, Madras Gy+khana Cl75 =+:loyees'8nion v. Manae+ent of the Gy+khana Cl75, !" #$?2 SC //.

The !ord /undertakin/ as used in Section ?ollister v. Mf. Co., ##4 8.S./$, / S.Ct. %#%,&2 L.=d. $1#. )nvention, in the nature of i&prove&ents, is the double &ental act ofdiscernin, in existin &achines, processes or articles, so&e deficienc", and pointin out the&eans of overco&in it#

:nder section 82 of the *atents and =esins Act, 1911, /invention/ &eans an"&anner of ne! &anufacture and includes an i&prove&ent and an allied invention# :nlike the*atents Act, 1945, the 1911 Act does not specif" the reuire&ent of bein useful in the definitionof /invention/# But courts have al!a"s taken the vie! that a patentable invention, apart fro& bein

a ne! &anufacture, &ust also be useful# The foundation for this udicial interpretation is to befound in the fact that section 61 2f2 of the 1911 Act reconises lack of utilit" as one of therounds on

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!hich a patent can be revoked#.Bishwanath

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referred to in sube&edies 'bectionalAdvertise&ents2 Act, 19?+, s# b2#-=ru- &eans an" dru as defined in clause b2 of section 3 of the =rus Act, 19+5

FF))) of 19+52, in respect of !hich a declaration has been &ade under s# 3# =rus $ontrol2 Act19?5#Patent

*atent is a rant or riht to exclude others fro& &akin, usin or sellin one-s inventionand includes riht to license others to &ake, use or sell it#

)t is an official docu&ent conferrin a riht or privilee, letters patent0 !ritin securin toan inventor for a ter& of "ears the exclusive riht to &ake, use and sell his invention0 the&onopol" or riht so ranted#.)e5ster's Ninth New Colleiate Dictionary.

The effect of the rant of patent is 7id :ro 7o, 7id'ts the kno!lede disclosed to thepublic and 7o is the &onopol" ranted for the ter& of the patent# Section 1, *atents and=esins Act sets out that a *atent once ranted confers upon the patentee the exclusive privilee

of &akin, sellin and usin the invention throuhout )ndia and of authorisin others so to do# Thisis 7o. The 7id is co&pliance !ith the various provisions resultin in the rant of patent#."a*

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ii2 a indu undivided fa&il", iii2 a co&pan", iv2 a fir&,

v2 an association of persons or a bod" of individuals, !hether incorporated or not, vi2 a local authorit", and vii2 ever" artificial uridical person, not fallin !ithin an" of the precedin sub

)c* the mere disc!ery !f a scientific #rinci#le !r the f!rm$lati!n !f an abstract the!ry [!r

disc!ery !f any liin5 thin5 !r n!n.[)d* the mere disc!ery !f a new f!rm !f a ?n!wn s$bstance which d!es n!t res$lt in the

enhancement !f the ?n!wn efficacy !f that s$bstance !r the mere disc!ery !f any new

#r!#erty !r new $se f!r a ?n!wn s$bstance !r !f the mere $se !f a ?n!wn #r!cess, machine

!r a##arat$s $nless s$ch ?n!wn #r!cess res$lts in a new #r!d$ct !r em#l!ys at least !ne

new reactant+

$%planation & F!r the #$r#!ses !f this cla$se, salts, esters, ethers, #!lym!r#hs, metab!lites,

#$re f!rm, #article si2e, is!mers, mi-t$res !f is!mers, c!m#le-es, c!mbinati!ns and !therderiaties !f ?n!wn s$bstance shall be c!nsidered t! be the same s$bstance, $nless they

differ si5nificantly in #r!#erties with re5ard t! efficacy;> )e* a s$bstance !btained by a mere admi-t$re res$ltin5 !nly in the a55re5ati!n !f the

#r!#erties !f the c!m#!nents there!f !r a #r!cess f!r #r!d$cin5 s$ch s$bstance; )f* the mere arran5ement !r re

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)h* a meth!d !f a5ric$lt$re !r h!rtic$lt$re;

)i* any #r!cess f!r the medicinal, s$r5ical, c$ratie, #r!#hylactic 1[dia5n!stic,

thera#e$tic> !r !ther treatment !f h$man bein5s !r any #r!cess f!r a similar treatment!f animals [-----> t! render them free !f disease !r t! increase their ec!n!mic al$e!r that !f their #r!d$cts+

1[)B* #lants and animals in wh!le !r any #art there!f !ther than micr!

#r!d$cti!n !r #r!#a5ati!n !f #lants and animals; )?* a mathematical !r b$siness meth!d !r a c!m#$ter #r!5ram #er se !r

al5!rithms; )1* a literary, dramatic, m$sical !r artistic w!r? !r any !ther aesthetic creati!n

whats!eer incl$din5 cinematr!5ra#hic w!r?s and teleisi!n #r!d$cti!ns; )m* a mere scheme !r r$le !r meth!d !f #erf!rmin5 mental act !r meth!d !f #layin5

5ame; )n* a #resentati!n !f inf!rmati!n;

)!* t!#!5ra#hy !f inte5rated circ$its; )#* an inenti!n which, in effect, is traditi!nal ?n!wled5e !r which is an a55re5ati!n !r

d$#licati!n !f ?n!wn #r!#erties !f traditi!nally ?n!wn c!m#!nent !r c!m#!nents+> , ,4. n$entions relatin to atomic ener' not patenta&le

N! #atent shall be 5ranted in res#ect !f an inenti!n relatin5 t! at!mic ener5y fallin5within s$b

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1[)1* The filin5 date !f an a##licati!n referred t! in s$b )* Dhere the a##licati!n is made by irt$e !f an assi5nment !f the ri5ht t! a##ly f!r a#atent f!r the inenti!n, there shall be f$rnished with the a##licati!n, !r within s$ch #eri!d as

may be #rescribed after the filin5 !f the a##licati!n, #r!!f !f the ri5ht t! ma?e the a##licati!n+ ).* Eery a##licati!n $nder this secti!n shall state that the a##licant is in #!ssessi!n !f

the inenti!n and shall name the [#ers!n> claimin5 t! be the tr$e and first inent!r; and wherethe #ers!n s! claimin5 is n!t the a##licant !r !ne !f the a##licants, the a##licati!n shall c!ntain

a declarati!n that the a##licant beliees the #ers!n s! named t! be the tr$e and first inent!r+ .[)* Eery s$ch a##licati!n )n!t bein5 a c!nenti!n a##licati!n !r an a##licati!n filed

$nder the Patent C!!#erati!n Treaty desi5natin5 %ndia* shall be acc!m#anied by a #r!isi!nal

!r a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n+>". nformation and %ndertain reardin forein applications )1* Dhere an a##licant f!r a #atent $nder this Act is #r!sec$tin5 either al!ne !r B!intly

with any !ther #ers!n an a##licati!n f!r a #atent in any c!$ntry !$tside %ndia in res#ect !f thesame !r s$bstantially the same inenti!n, !r where t! his ?n!wled5e s$ch an a##licati!n is

bein5 #r!sec$ted by s!me #ers!n thr!$5h wh!m he claims !r by s!me #ers!n deriin5 titlefr!m him, he shall file al!n5 with his a##licati!n [!r s$bse6$ently @[within the #rescribed #eri!d

as the C!ntr!ller may all!w>> :[)a* a statement settin5 !$t detailed #artic$lars !r s$ch a##licati!n; and>

)b* an $nderta?in5 that, [$# t! the date !f 5rant !f #atent in %ndia,> he w!$ld ?ee# theC!ntr!ller inf!rmed in writin5, fr!m time t! time, !f =[detailed #artic$lars as re6$ired$nder> cla$se )a* in res#ect !f eery !ther a##licati!n < + relatin5 t! the same !rs$bstantially the same inenti!n, if any, filed in any c!$ntry !$tside %ndia

s$bse6$ently t! the filin5 !f the statement referred t! in the af!resaid cla$se, withinthe #rescribed time+

.[)* At any time after an a##licati!n f!r #atent is filed in %ndia and till the 5rant !f a #atent!r ref$sal t! 5rant !f a #atent made there!n, the C!ntr!ller may als! re6$ire the a##licant t!

f$rnish details, as may be #rescribed, relatin5 t! the #r!cessin5 !f the a##licati!n in a c!$ntry!$tside %ndia, and in that eent the a##licant shall f$rnish t! the C!ntr!ller inf!rmati!n

aailable t! him within s$ch#eri!d as may be #erscribed+>

1 nserted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

2 S%&stit%ted for onei &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

3 S%&stit%ted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

%nserted by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00, w+e+f+ 0

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9. (ro$isional and complete specifications 1[)1* Dhere an a##licati!n f!r a #atent )n!t bein5 a c!nenti!n a##licati!n !r an

a##licati!n filed $nder the Patent C!!#erati!n Treaty desi5natin5 %ndia* is acc!m#anied by a#r!isi!nal s#ecificati!n, a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n shall be filed within twele G m!nths i r$mthe date !f filin5 !f the a##licati!n, and if the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t s! filed, the

a##licati!n shall be deemed t! be aband!ned+> )* Dhere tw! !r m!re a##licati!ns in the name !f the same a##licant are acc!m#anied

by #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!ns in res#ect !f inenti!ns which are c!5nate !r !f which !ne is am!dificati!n !f an!ther and the C!ntr!ller is !f !#ini!n that the wh!le !f s$ch inenti!ns are

s$ch as t! c!nstit$te a sin5le inenti!n and may #r!#erly be incl$ded in !ne #atent, he mayall!w !ne c!m#lete s#ecificati!n t! be filed in res#ect !f all s$ch #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!ns& [P"3%4E4 that the #eri!d !f time s#ecified $nder s$b 1[).* Dhere an a##licati!n f!r a #atent )n!t bein5 a c!nenti!n a##licati!n !r ana##licati!n filed $nder the Patent C!!#erati!n Treaty desi5natin5 %ndia* is acc!m#anied by a

s#ecificati!n #$r#!rtin5 t! be a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n, the C!ntr!ller may, if the a##licant s!re6$ests at any time within twele m!nths fr!m the date !f filin5 !f the a##licati!n, direct that

s$ch s#ecificati!n shall be treated, f!r the #$r#!ses !f this Act, as a #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!nand #r!ceed with the a##licati!n acc!rdin5ly+>

)* Dhere a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n has been filed in #$rs$ance !f an a##licati!n f!r a#atent acc!m#anied by a #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!n !r by a s#ecificati!n treated by irt$e !f a

directi!n $nder s$b cancel the #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!nand #!st

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f$rnished 1[befcre the a##licati!n is f!$nd in !rder f!r 5rant !f a #atent> b$t s$ch m!del !r sam#leshall n!t be deemed t! f!rm #art !f the s#ecificati!n+

)* Eery c!m#lete s#ecificati!n shall )a* f$lly and #artic$larly describe the inenti!n and its !#erati!n !r $se and the meth!d by

which it is t! be #erf!rmed; )b* discl!se the best meth!d !f #erf!rmin5 the inenti!n which is ?n!wn t! the a##licant and

f!r which he is entitled t! claim #r!tecti!n; and )c* end with a claim !r claims definin5 the sc!#e !f the inenti!n f!r which

#r!tecti!n is claimed+ [)d* be acc!m#anied by an abstract t! #r!ide technical inf!rmati!n !n the inenti!n&

P"3%4E4 that)i* the C!ntr!ller may amend the abstract f!r #r!idin5 better inf!rmati!n t! third #arties;

and

)ii* if the a##licant menti!ns a bi!l!5ical material in the s#ecificati!n which may n!t bedescribed in s$ch a way as t! satisfy cla$ses )a* and )b*, and if s$ch material is n!t

aailable t! the #$blic, the a##licati!n shall be c!m and by f$lfillin5 the

f!ll!win5 c!nditi!ns, namely&[)A* the de#!sit !f the material shall be made n!t later than the date !f filin5 the

#atent a##licati!n in %ndia and a reference there!f shall be made in the

s#ecificati!n within the #rescribed #eri!d;>)* all the aailable characteristics !f the material re6$ired f!r it t! be c!rrectly

identified !r indicated are incl$ded in the s#ecificati!n incl$din5 the name,address !f the de#!sit!ry instit$ti!n and the date and n$mber !f the de#!sit !f

the material at the instit$ti!n;)C* access t! the material is aailable in the de#!sit!ry instit$ti!n !nly after the date

!f the a##licati!n f!r #atent in %ndia !r if a #ri!rity is claimed after the date !fthe #ri!rity;

)4* discl!se the s!$rce and 5e!5ra#hical !ri5in !f the bi!l!5ical materialin the s#ecificati!n, when $sed in an inenti!n+>

[)A* %n case !f an internati!nal a##licati!n desi5natin5 %ndia, the title, descri#ti!n, drawin5s,

abstract and claims filed with the a##licati!n shall be ta?en as the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n f!r the

#$r#!ses !f this Act+> @[)@* The claim !r claims !f a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n shall relate t! a sin5le inenti!n, !r t! a

5r!$# !f inenti!ns lin?ed s! as t! f!rm a sin5le inentie c!nce#t, shall be clear and s$ccinct and

shall be fairly based !n the matter discl!sed in the s#ecificati!n+> ):* A declarati!n as t! the inent!rshi# !f the inenti!n shall, in s$ch cases as may be

#rescribed be f$rnished in the #rescribed f!rm with the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n !r within s$ch #eri!d

as may be #rescribed after the filin5 !f that s#ecificati!n+ )7* S$bBect t! the f!re5!in5 #r!isi!ns !f this secti!n, a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n

1 S%&s, for &efore the acceptance of the application &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f.

1-1-200.

%nserted by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00, w+e+f+ 0

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filed after a #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!n may incl$de claims in res#ect !f deel!#ments !f, !r additi!nst! the inenti!n which was described in the #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!n, bein5 deel!#ments !r

additi!ns in res#ect !f which the a##licant w!$ld be entitled $nder the #r!isi!ns !f secti!n : t!ma?e a se#arate a##licati!n f!r a #atent+

56S

@here the invention has not been properl" described and !ill not function in the!a" clai&ed b" the applicants, the opponents succeed even !hen the" fail to establish/prior publication/ as !ell as /prior public kno!lede/ and, therefore, the application for rantof patent is liable to be reected#.5id Aaalwala v. =dar >addley Co.

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SECT%N 811A THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 1

a##licati!n made by irt$e !f s$b

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1! THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 11

#artic$lars !f the date !f a##licati!n, n$mber !f a##licati!n, name and address !f the a##licantidentifyin5 the a##licati!n and an abstract+

):* #!n #$blicati!n !f an a##licati!n f!r a #atent $nder this secti!n

)a* the de#!sit!ry instit$ti!n shall ma?e the bi!l!5ical material menti!ned in thes#ecificati!n aailable t! the #$blic; )b* the #atent !ffice may, !n #ayment !f s$ch fee as may be #rescribed, ma?e the

s#ecificati!n and drawin5s, if any, !f s$ch a##licati!n aailable t! the #$blic+ 1[)7* n and fr!m the date !f #$blicati!n !f the a##licati!n f!r #atent and $ntil the

date !f 5rant !f a #atent in res#ect !f s$ch a##licati!n, the a##licant shall hae the li?e#riile5es and ri5hts as if a #atent f!r the inenti!n had been 5ranted !n the date !f

#$blicati!n !f the a##licati!n&P"3%4E4 that the a##licant shall n!t be entitled t! instit$te any #r!ceedin5s f!r

infrin5ement $ntil the #atent has been 5ranted&

P"3%4E4 F"THE" that the ri5hts !f a #atentee in res#ect !f a##licati!ns made$nder s$b

1 nserted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.2 S%&stit%ted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

3 mitted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

4 or s%&-section )2+ omitted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

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1" THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 1:

)* The e-aminati!n and inesti5ati!ns re6$ired $nder secti!n 1 and this secti!n shall

n!t be deemed in any way t! warrant the alidity !f any #atent, and n! liability shall be inc$rred

by the Central /!ernment !r any !fficer there!f by reas!n !f, !r in c!nnecti!n with, any s$che-aminati!n !r inesti5ati!n !r any re#!rt !r !ther #r!ceedin5s c!nse6$ent there!n+56S

Pri!r re5istrati!n !f #atent in an!ther c!$ntry #rima facie c!nstit$tes #ri!r #$blicati!n

and is liable t! be reBected++intech $lectronics (P) +td. . arel $ngineering Co. !--5 ('5)/ !!1:14. onsideration of the report of examiner &' ontroller

Dhere, in res#ect !f an a##licati!n f!r a #atent, the re#!rt !f the e-aminer receied by

the C!ntr!ller is aderse t! the a##licant !r re6$ires any amendment !f the a##licati!n, the

s#ecificati!n !r !ther d!c$ments t! ens$re c!m#liance with the #r!isi!ns !f this Act !r !f ther$les made there$nder, the C!ntr!ller, bef!re #r!ceedin5 t! dis#!se !f the a##licati!n inacc!rdance with the #r!isi!ns hereinafter a##earin5, shall c!mm$nicate as e-#editi!$sly as

#!ssible the 5ist !f the !bBecti!ns t! the a##licant and shall, if s! re6$ired by the a##licantwithin the #rescribed #eri!d, 5ie him an !##!rt$nity !f bein5 heard+

1. (oer of ontroller to ref%se or re1!. (oer of ontroller to mae orders respectin di$ision of application

)1* A #ers!n wh! has made an a##licati!n f!r a #atent $nder this Act may, at any time[bef!re the 5rant !f the #atent>, if he s! desires, !r with a iew t! remedy the !bBecti!n raisedby the C!ntr!ller !n the 5r!$nd that the claims !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n relate t! m!re than

!ne inenti!n, file a f$rther a##licati!n in res#ect !f an inenti!n discl!sed in the #r!isi!nal !rc!m#lete s#ecificati!n already filed in res#ect !f the first

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SECT%N 1= THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 19

s#ecificati!n acc!m#anyin5 it shall be deemed t! hae been filed !n the date !n which the first

menti!ned a##licati!n had been filed, and the f$rther a##licati!n shall be #r!ceeded with as a

s$bstantie a##licati!n and be e-amined when the re6$est f!r e-aminati!n is filed within the#rescribed #eri!d+>17. (oer of ontroller to mae orders respectin datin of application+

)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns !f secti!n -, at any time after the filin5 !f an a##licati!n and[bef!re the 5rant !f the #atent> $nder this Act, the C!ntr!ller may, at the re6$est !f the a##licant

made in the #rescribed manner, direct that the a##licati!n shall be #!st

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s#ecificati!n has been claimed in any !ther c!m#lete s#ecificati!n referred t! in

cla$se )a* !f s$b

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1 mitted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

2 S%&stit%ted for &' the foreoin pro$isions of this *ct or of proceedins %nder section 2 &'

the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

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a5reement made by !ne !f tw! !r m!re B!int a##licants f!r a #atent e-ce#t with the c!nsent !f

the !ther B!int a##licant !r a##licants+

).* N! s$ch directi!n as af!resaid shall be 5ien by irt$e !f any assi5nment !ra5reement f!r the assi5nment !f the benefit !f an inenti!n $nless )a* the inenti!n is identified therein by reference t! the n$mber !f the a##licati!n f!r the

#atent; !r )b* there is #r!d$ced t! the C!ntr!ller an ac?n!wled5ment by the #ers!n by wh!m the

assi5nment !r a5reement was made that the assi5nment !r a5reement relates t! theinenti!n in res#ect !f which that a##licati!n is made; !r

)c* the ri5hts !f the claimant in res#ect !f the inenti!n hae been finally established bythe decisi!n !f a c!$rt; !r

)d* the C!ntr!ller 5ies directi!ns f!r enablin5 the a##licati!n t! #r!ceed !r f!r

re5$latin5 the manner in which it sh!$ld be #r!ceeded with $nder s$b

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22 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N @

C!$rt is #endin5 in res#ect !f either that a##licati!n !r the a##licati!n f!r the main

inenti!n, the time within which the re6$irements !f the C!ntr!ller shall be c!m#lied

with shall, !n an a##licati!n made by the a##licant bef!re the e-#irati!n !f the #eri!das #rescribed $nder s$b4:2 + pposition to the patent )1* Dhere an a##licati!n f!r a #atent has been #$blished b$t a #atent has n!t been

5ranted, any #ers!n may, in writin5, re#resent by way !f !##!siti!n t! the C!ntr!ller a5ainst the5rant !f #atent !n the 5r!$nd

)a* that the a##licant f!r the #atent !r the #ers!n $nder !r thr!$5h wh!m heG claims,wr!n5f$lly !btained the inenti!n !r any #art there!f fr!m him !r fr!m a #ers!n

$nder !r thr!$5h wh!m he claims; )b* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n has

been #$blished bef!re the #ri!rity date !f the claim)i* in any s#ecificati!n filed in #$rs$ance !f an a##licati!n f!r a #atent

made in %ndia !n !r after the 1st day !f an$ary 191; !r)ii* in %ndia !r elsewhere, in any !ther d!c$ment&

P"3%4E4 that the 5r!$nd s#ecified in s$b

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SECT%N @ THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 23

#r!d$ct made by that #r!cess had already been im#!rted int! %ndia bef!re +, that date

e-ce#t where s$ch im#!rtati!n has been f!r the #$r#!se !f reas!nable trial !r

e-#eriment !nly;)e* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is!bi!$s and clearly d!es n!t in!le any inentie ste#, hain5 re5ard t! the matter

#$blished as menti!ned in cla$se )b* !r hain5 re5ard t! what & was $sed in %ndiabef!re the #ri!rity date !f the a##licantGs claim;

)f* that the s$bBect !f any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t an inenti!n withinthe meanin5 !f this Act, !r is n!t #atentable $nder this Act; +

)5* that the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n d!es n!t s$fficiently and clearly describe the inenti!n!r the meth!d by which it is t! be #erf!rmed;

)h* that the a##licant has failed t! discl!se t! the C!ntr!ller the inf!rmati!n re6$ired by

secti!n = !r has f$rnished the inf!rmati!n which in any material #artic$lar was falset! his ?n!wled5e;)i* that in the case !f c!nenti!n a##licati!n, the a##licati!n was n!t made within twele

m!nths fr!m the date !f the first a##licati!n f!r #r!tecti!n f!r the inenti!n made in ac!nenti!n c!$ntry by the a##licant !r a #ers!n fr!m wh!m he deries title;

)B* that the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n d!es n!t discl!se !r wr!n5ly menti!ns the s!$rce !r5e!5ra#hical !ri5in !f bi!l!5ical material $sed f!r the inenti!n;

)?* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n isantici#ated hain5 re5ard t! the ?n!wled5e, !ral !r !therwise, aailable within any

l!cal !r indi5en!$s c!mm$nity in %ndia !r elsewhere,b$t !n n! !ther 5r!$nd and the C!ntr!ller shall, if re6$ested by s$ch #ers!n f!r bein5 heard,hear him and dis#!se !f s$ch re#resentati!n in s$ch manner and within s$ch #eri!d as may be#rescribed+

)* At any time after the 5rant !f #atent b$t bef!re the e-#iry !f a #eri!d !f !ne year fr!mthe date !f #$blicati!n !f 5rant !f a #atent, any #ers!n interested may 5ie n!tice !f !##!siti!n

t! the C!ntr!ller in the #rescribed manner !n any !f the f!ll!win5 5r!$nds, namely& )a* that the #atentee !r the #ers!n $nder !r thr!$5h wh!m the claims, wr!n5f$lly

!btained the inenti!n !r any #art there!f fr!m him !r fr!m a #ers!n $nder !r thr!$5hwh!m he claims;

)b* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n hasbeen #$blished bef!re the #ri!rity date !f the claim

)i* in any s#ecificati!n filed in #$rs$ance !f an a##licati!n f!r a #atent made in %ndia !n!r after the 1st day !f an$ary, 191; !r

)ii* in %ndia !r elsewhere, in any !ther d!c$ment&P"3%4E4 that the 5r!$nd s#ecified in s$b

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24 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N :

$%planation 1 F!r the #$r#!ses !f this cla$se, an inenti!n relatin5 t! a #r!cess f!r

which a #atent is 5ranted shall be deemed t! hae been #$blicly ?n!wn !r #$blicly $sed in %ndia

bef!re the #ri!rity date !f the claim if a #r!d$ct made by that #r!cess had already beenim#!rted int! %ndia bef!re that date e-ce#t where s$ch im#!rtati!n has been f!r the #$r#!se !freas!nable trial !r e-#eriment !nly;

)e* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is!bi!$s and clearly d!es n!t in!le any inentie ste#, hain5 re5ard t! the matter

#$blished as menti!ned in cla$se )b* !r hain5 re5ard t! what was $sed in %ndiabef!re the #ri!rity date !f the claim;

)f* that the s$bBect !f any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t an inenti!n withinthe meanin5 !f this Act, !r is n!t #atentable $nder this Act;

)5* that the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n d!es n!t s$fficiently and clearly describe the

inenti!n !r the meth!d by which it is t! be #erf!rmed; )h* that the #atentee has failed t! discl!se t! the C!ntr!ller the inf!rmati!n re6$ired bysecti!n = !r has f$rnished the inf!rmati!n which in any material #artic$lar was false

t! his ?n!wled5e; )i* that in the case !f a #atent 5ranted !n c!nenti!n a##licati!n, the a##licati!n f!r

#atent was n!t made within twele m!nths fr!m the date !f the first a##licati!n f!r#r!tecti!n f!r the inenti!n made in a c!nenti!n c!$ntry !r in %ndia by the #atentee

!r a #ers!n fr!m wh!m he deries title;)B* that the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n d!es n!t discl!se !r wr!n5ly menti!ns the s!$rce and

5e!5ra#hical !ri5in !f bi!l!5ical material $sed f!r the inenti!n; )?* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n was

antici#ated hain5 re5ard t! the ?n!wled5e, !ral !r !therwise, aailable within anyl!cal !r indi5en!$s c!mm$nity in %ndia !r elsewhere b$t !n n! !ther 5r!$nd+

).*)a* Dhere any s$ch n!tice !f !##!siti!n is d$ly 5ien $nder s$b

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SECT%N =OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 2

was !btained fr!m the !##!nent in the manner set !$t in cla$se )a* !f s$b1[)@* --->

):* .[Dhere> a claim is made $nder s$b

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2!. THE PATENTS ACT, 1970OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO SECT%N .0

any re6$est !r claim made $nder s$b

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SECT%N .. THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 27

31. *nticipation &' p%&lic displa', etc.

An inenti!n claimed in a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n shall n!t be deemed t! hae been

antici#ated by reas!n !nly !f )a* the dis#lay !f the inenti!n with the c!nsent !f the tr$e and first inent!r !r a #ers!nderiin5 title fr!m him at an ind$strial !r !ther e-hibiti!n t! which the #r!isi!ns !f

this secti!n hae been e-tended by the Central /!ernment by n!tificati!n, in thefficial /a2ette, !r the $se there!f with his c!nsent f!r the #$r#!se !f s$ch an

e-hibiti!n in the #lace where it is held; !r )b* the #$blicati!n !f any descri#ti!n !f the inenti!n in c!nse6$ence !f the dis#lay !r

$se !f the inenti!n at any s$ch e-hibiti!n as af!resaid; !r )c* the $se !f the inenti!n, after it has been dis#layed !r $sed at any s$ch e-hibiti!n as

af!resaid and d$rin5 the #eri!d !f the e-hibiti!n, by any #ers!n with!$t the c!nsent

!f the tr$e and first inent!r !r a #ers!n deriin5 title fr!m him; !r)d* the descri#ti!n !f the inenti!n in a #a#er read by the tr$e and first inent!r bef!re alearned s!ciety !r #$blished with his c!nsent in the transacti!ns !f s$ch a s!ciety, if

the a##licati!n f!r the #atent is made by the tr$e and first inent!r !r a #ers!nderiin5 title fr!m him -[n!t later than twele m!nths> after the !#enin5 !f the

e-hibiti!n !r the readin5 !r #$blicati!n !f the #a#er, as the case may be+32. *nticipation &' p%&lic orin

An inenti!n claimed in a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n shall n!t be deemed t! hae beenantici#ated by reas!n !nly that at any time within !ne year bef!re the #ri!rity date !f the

releant claim !f the s#ecificati!n, the inenti!n was #$blicly w!r?ed in %ndia )a* by the #atentee !r a##licant f!r the #atent !r any #ers!n fr!m wh!m he deries title;

!r )b* by any !ther #ers!n with the c!nsent !f the #atentee !r a##licant f!r the #atent !r any

#ers!n fr!m wh!m he deries title, if the w!r?in5 was effected f!r the #$r#!se !freas!nable trial !nly and if it was reas!nably necessary, hain5 re5ard t! the nat$re !f

the inenti!n, that the w!r?in5 f!r that #$r#!se sh!$ld be effected in #$blic+33. *nticipation &' %se and p%&lication after pro$isional specification

)1* Dhere a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is filed !r #r!ceeded with in #$rs$ance !f ana##licati!n which was acc!m#anied by a #r!isi!nal s#ecificati!n !r where a c!m#lete

s#ecificati!n filed al!n5 with an a##licati!n is treated by irt$e !f a directi!n $nder s$b

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2" THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N .:

!nly that any matter discl!sed in any a##licati!n f!r #r!tecti!n in a c!nenti!n c!$ntry $#!n

which the c!nenti!n a##licati!n is f!$nded was $sed in %ndia !r #$blished in %ndia !r

elsewhere at any time after the date !f that a##licati!n f!r #r!tecti!n+34. 6o anticipation if circ%mstances are onl' as descri&ed in sections 29,30,31 and 32 N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in this Act, the C!ntr!ller shall n!t ref$se 1[- -

-> t! 5rant a #atent, and a #atent shall n!t be re!?ed !r inalidated by reas!n !nly !f anycirc$mstances which, by irt$e !f secti!n 9 !r secti!n .0 !r secti!n .1 !r secti!n . d! n!t

c!nstit$te an antici#ati!n !f the inenti!n claimed in the s#ecificati!n+

CHAPTER VIIP"3%S%NS F" SEC"EC F CE"TA%N %N3ENT%NS

3. Secrec' directions relatin to in$entions rele$ant for defence p%rposes

)1* Dhere, in res#ect !f an a##licati!n made bef!re !r after the c!mmencement !f this

Act f!r a #atent, it a##ears t! the C!ntr!ller that the inenti!n is !ne !f a class n!tified t! himby the Central /!ernment as releant f!r defence #$r#!ses, !r, where !therwise the inenti!na##ears t! him t! be s! releant, he may 5ie directi!ns f!r #r!hibitin5 !r restrictin5 the

#$blicati!n !f inf!rmati!n with res#ect t! the inenti!n !r the c!mm$nicati!n !f s$chinf!rmati!n [--->+

)* Dhere the C!ntr!ller 5ies any s$ch directi!ns as are referred t! in s$b

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SECT%N .9 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 29

f!rthwith 5ie n!tice t! the C!ntr!ller t! re!?e the directi!n and the C!ntr!ller shall there$#!n

re!?e the directi!ns #rei!$sly 5ien by him+>

)* The res$lt !f eery re

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30 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOSECT%N .

)a* an a##licati!n f!r a #atent f!r the same inenti!n has been made in %ndia, n!t less

than si- wee?s bef!re the a##licati!n !$tside %ndia; and

)b* either n! directi!n has been 5ien $nder s$b

2:43. 8rant of patents

)1* Dhere an a##licati!n f!r a #atent has been f!$nd t! be in !rder f!r 5rant !f the #atent

and either )a* the a##licati!n has n!t been ref$sed by the C!ntr!ller by irt$e !f any #!wer ested

in him by this Act; !r )b* the a##licati!n has n!t been f!$nd t! be in c!ntraenti!n !f any !f the #r!isi!ns !f

this Act,the #atent shall be 5ranted as e-#editi!$sly as #!ssible t! the a##licant !r, inthe case !f a B!int a##licati!n, t! the a##licants B!intly, with the seal !f the #atent

!ffice and the date !n which the #atent is 5ranted shall be entered in the re5ister+ )* n the 5rant !f #atent, the C!ntr!ller shall #$blish the fact that the #atent has been

5ranted and there$#!n the a##licati!n, s#ecificati!n and !ther d!c$ments related theret! shallbe !#en f!r #$blic ins#ecti!n+>

1 S%&stit%ted for 8;*6 *6D S5*68 / (*56S *6D ;8CS 6/5;;5D

C5;5B &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

2 S%&stit%ted &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. 1-1-200.

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44. *mendment of patent ranted to deceased applicant

Dhere, at any time after a #atent has been 1[5ranted> in #$rs$ance !f an a##licati!n

$nder this Act, the C!ntr!ller is satisfied that the #ers!n t! wh!m the #atent was 5ranted haddied, !r, in the case !f a b!dy c!r#!rate, had ceased t! e-ist, bef!re the #atent was 1[5ranted>,the C!ntr!ller may amend the #atent by s$bstit$tin5 f!r the name !f that #ers!n the name !f the

#ers!n t! wh!m the #atent !$5ht t! hae been 5ranted, and the #atent shall be deemed always t!hae had effect, acc!rdin5ly+

4. Date of patent[)1* S$bBect t! the !ther #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this Act, eery #atent shall be dated

as !f the date !n which the a##licati!n f!r #atent was filed+>)* The date !f eery #atent be entered in the re5ister+

).* N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in this secti!n, n! s$it !r !ther #r!ceedin5

shall be c!mmenced !r #r!sec$ted in res#ect !f an infrin5ement c!mmitted bef!re

.

[the date !f#$blicati!n !f the a##licati!n>+4!. /orm, extent and effect of patent

)1* Eery #atent shall be in the #rescribed f!rm and shall hae effect thr!$5h!$t%ndia+

)* A #atent shall be 5ranted f!r !ne inenti!n !nly&P"3%4E4 that it shall n!t be c!m#etent f!r any #ers!n in a s$it !r !ther #r!ceedin5

t! ta?e any !bBecti!n t! a #atent !n the 5r!$nd that it has been 5ranted f!r m!re than !neinenti!n+47. 8rant of patents to &e s%&Aect to certain conditions

The 5rant !f a #atent $nder this Act shall be s$bBect t! the c!nditi!n that)1* any machine, a##arat$s !r !ther article in res#ect !f which the #atent is 5ranted !r

any article made by $sin5 a #r!cess in res#ect !f which the #atent is 5ranted,

may be im#!rted !r made by !r !n behalf !f the 5!ernment f!r the #$r#!semerely !f its !wn $se;

)* any #r!cess in res#ect !f which the #atent is 5ranted may be $sed by !r !n behalf!f the 5!ernment f!r the #$r#!se merely !f its !wn $se;

).* any machine, a##arat$s !r !ther article in res#ect !f which the #atent is 5ranted !rany article made by the $se !f the #r!cess in res#ect !f which the #atent is

5ranted, may be made !r $sed, and any #r!cess in res#ect !f which the #atent is5ranted may be $sed, by any #ers!n, f!r the #$r#!se merely !f e-#eriment !r

research incl$din5 the im#artin5 !f instr$cti!ns t! #$#ils; and)* in the case !f a #atent in res#ect !f any medicine !r dr$5, the medicine !r dr$5

may be im#!rted by the 5!ernment f!r the #$r#!se merely !f its !wn $se !r f!rdistrib$ti!n in any dis#ensary, h!s#ital !r !ther medical instit$ti!n maintained by

!r !n behalf !f the 5!ernment !r any !ther dis#ensary, h!s#ital !r medicalinstit$ti!n which the Central /!ernment may, hain5 re5ard t! the #$blic

serice that s$ch dis#ensary, h!s#ital !r medical instit$ti!n renders, s#ecify inthis behalf by n!tificati!n in the fficial /a2ette+

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1:4". ;ihts of patentees

S$bBect t! the !ther #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this Act and the c!nditi!ns s#ecified in

secti!n 7, a #atent 5ranted $nder this Act shall c!nfer $#!n the #atentee )a* where the s$bBect matter !f the #atent is a #r!d$ct, the e-cl$sie ri5ht t! #reent third#arties, wh! d! n!t hae his c!nsent, fr!m the act !f ma?in5, $sin5, !fferin5 f!r sale,

sellin5 !r im#!rtin5 f!r th!se #$r#!ses that #r!d$ct in %ndia& )b* where the s$bBect matter !f the #atent is a #r!cess the e-cl$sie ri5ht t! #reent third

#arties, wh! d! n!t hae his c!nsent, fr!m the act !f $sin5 that #r!cess, and fr!m theact !f $sin5, !fferin5 f!r sale, sellin5 !r im#!rtin5 f!r th!se #$r#!ses the #r!d$ct

!btained directly by that #r!cess in %ndia&2:x x x]

49. (atent rihts not infrined hen %sed on forein $essels, etc. temporaril' or

accidentall' in ndia

)1* Dhere a essel !r aircraft re5istered in a f!rei5n c!$ntry !r a land ehicle !wned by a#ers!n !rdinarily resident in s$ch c!$ntry c!mes int! %ndia )incl$din5 the territ!rial waters

there!f* tem#!rarily !r accidentally !nly, the ri5hts c!nferred by a #atent f!r an inenti!n shalln!t be deemed t! be infrin5ed by the $se !f the inenti!n

)a* in the b!dy !f the essel !r in the machinery, tac?le, a##arat$s !r !ther < access!riesthere!f, s! far as the inenti!n is $sed !n b!ard the essel and f!r its act$al needs

!nly; !r )b* in the c!nstr$cti!n !r w!r?in5 !f the aircraft !r land ehicle !r !f the

access!ries there!f, as the case may be+ )* This secti!n shall n!t e-tend t! essels, aircraft !r land ehicles !wned by #ers!ns!rdinarily resident in a f!rei5n c!$ntry the law !f which d! n!t c!nfer c!rres#!ndin5 ri5hts withres#ect t! the $se !f inenti!ns in essels, aircraft !r land ehicles !wned by #ers!ns !rdinarily

resident in %ndia while in the #!rts !r within the territ!rial waters !f that f!rei5n c!$ntry !r!therwise within the B$risdicti!n !f its c!$rts+

0. ;ihts of co-oners of patents

)1* Dhere a #atent is 5ranted t! tw! !r m!re #ers!ns, each !f th!se #ers!ns shall, $nless

an a5reement t! the c!ntrary is in f!rce, be entitled t! an e6$al $ndiided share in the #atent+ )* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this secti!n and in secti!n @1, where tw! !r

m!re #ers!ns are re5istered as 5rantee !r #r!#riet!r !f a #atent, then, $nless an a5reement t! thec!ntrary is in f!rce, each !f th!se #ers!ns shall be entitled, by himself !r his a5ents, t! .[the

ri5hts c!nferred by secti!n => f!r his !wn benefit with!$t acc!$ntin5 t! the !ther #ers!n !r#ers!ns+

).* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this secti!n and in secti!n @1 and t! anya5reement f!r the time bein5 in f!rce, where tw! !r m!re #ers!ns are re5istered as 5rantee !r

#r!#riet!r !f a #atent, then, a licence $nder the #atent shall n!t be 5ranted and a share in the#atent shall n!t be assi5ned by !ne !f s$ch #ers!ns e-ce#t with the c!nsent !f the !ther #ers!n

!r #ers!ns+

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)* Dhere a #atented article is s!ld by !ne !f tw! !r m!re #ers!ns re5istered as 5rantee !r#r!#riet!r !f a #atent, the #$rchaser and any #ers!n claimin5 thr!$5h him shall be entitled t!

deal with the article in the same manner as if the article had been s!ld by a s!le #atentee+ )@* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this secti!n, the r$les !f law a##licable t! the

!wnershi# and de!l$ti!n !f m!able #r!#erty 5enerally shall a##ly in relati!n t! #atents, andn!thin5 c!ntained in s$b

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c!$rt finds has been wr!n5f$lly !btained by the #atentee, in lie$ !f the #atent s! re!?ed !r is

e-cl$ded by amendment+

)* Dhere any s$ch !rder is #assed, the C!ntr!ller shall, !n re6$est by the #etiti!nermade in the #rescribed manner 5rant t! him )i* in cases where the 1[A##ellate !ard !r c!$rt> #ermits the wh!le !f the #atent t! be

5ranted, a new #atent bearin5 the same date and n$mber as the #atent re!?ed;)ii* in cases where the 1[A##ellate !ard !r c!$rt> #ermits a #art !nly !f the #atent t! be

5ranted, a new #atent f!r s$ch #art bearin5 the same date as the #atent re!?ed andn$mbered in s$ch manner as may be #rescribed&

P"3%4E4 that the C!ntr!ller may, as a c!nditi!n !f s$ch 5rant, re6$ire the #etiti!ner t! filea new and c!m#lete s#ecificati!n t! the satisfacti!n !f the C!ntr!ller describin5 and claimin5

that #art !f the inenti!n f!r which the #atent is t! be 5ranted+

).* N! s$it shall be br!$5ht f!r any infrin5ement !f a #atent 5ranted $nder this secti!nc!mmitted bef!re the act$al date !n which s$ch #atent was 5ranted+3. erm of patent [)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns !f this Act, the term !f eery #atent 5ranted, after thec!mmencement !f the Patents )Amendment* Act, 00, and the term !f eery #atent which has

n!t e-#ired and has n!t ceased t! hae effect, !n the date !f s$ch c!mmencement, $nder thisAct, shall be twenty years fr!m the date !f filin5 !f the a##licati!n f!r the #atent+>

.[$%planation 1 F!r the #$r#!ses !f this s$b )* A #atent shall cease t! hae effect n!twithstandin5 anythin5 therein !r in this Act !nthe e-#irati!n !f the #eri!d #rescribed f!r the #ayment !f any renewal fee, if that fee is n!t #aidwithin the #rescribed #eri!d [!r within s$ch e-tended #eri!d as may be #rescribed>+?32 xxxG:[)* N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in any !ther law f!r the time bein5 in f!rce, !n

cessati!n !f the #atent ri5ht d$e t! n!n

CHAPTER I$PATENTS F A44%T%N

4. (atents of addition

)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this secti!n, where an a##licati!n is made f!r a

#atent in res#ect !f any im#r!ement in !r m!dificati!n !f an inenti!n

1 S%&stit%ted for co%rt &' the (atents )*mdt.+ *ct, 200, effecti$e date to &e notified.

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3! THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N @=

CHAPTER $A(EN4(ENT F APP'%CAT%NS AN4 SPEC%F%CAT%NS

7. *mendment of application and specification &efore ontroller)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns !f secti!n @9, the C!ntr!ller may, $#!n a##licati!n made$nder this secti!n in the #rescribed manner by an a##licant f!r a #atent !r by a #atentee, all!w

the a##licati!n f!r the #atent !r the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n l[!rany d!c$ment relatin5 theret!> t!be amended s$bBect t! s$ch c!nditi!ns, if any, as the C!ntr!ller thin?s fit&

P"3%4E4 that the C!ntr!ller shall n!t #ass any !rder all!win5 !r ref$sin5 ana##licati!n t! amend an a##licati!n f!r a #atent !r a s#ecificati!n l[!rany d!c$ment relatin5

theret!> $nder this secti!n while any s$it bef!re a c!$rt f!r the infrin5ement !f the #atent !r any#r!ceedin5 bef!re the Hi5h C!$rt f!r the re!cati!n !f the #atent is #endin5, whether the s$it !r

#r!ceedin5 c!mmenced bef!re !r after the filin5 !f the a##licati!n t! amend+

)* Eery a##licati!n f!r leae t! amend an a##licati!n f!r a #atent

[!r a c!m#letes#ecificati!n !r any d!c$ment relatin5 theret!> $nder this secti!n shall state the nat$re !f the#r!#!sed amendment, and shall 5ie f$ll #artic$lars !f the reas!ns f!r which the a##licati!n is

made+.[).* Any a##licati!n f!r leae t! amend an a##licati!n f!r a #atent !r a c!m#lete

s#ecificati!n !r a d!c$ment related theret! $nder this secti!n made after the 5rant !f #atent andthe nat$re !f the #r!#!sed amendment may be #$blished+>

)* Dhere an a##licati!n is [#$blished> $nder s$b there!f, 5ie n!tice t! the C!ntr!ller

!f !##!siti!n theret!; and where s$ch a n!tice is 5ien within the #eri!d af!resaid, theC!ntr!ller shall n!tify the #ers!n by wh!m the a##licati!n $nder this secti!n is made and shall5ie t! the #ers!n and t! the !##!nent an !##!rt$nity t! be heard bef!re he decides the case+

)@* An amendment $nder this secti!n !f a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n may be, !r incl$de,

an amendment !f the #ri!rity date !f a claim+.[):* The #r!isi!ns !f this secti!n shall be with!$t #reB$dice t! the ri5ht !f an

a##licant f!r a #atent t! amend his s#ecificati!n !r any !ther d!c$ment related theret! t!c!m#ly with the directi!ns !f the C!ntr!ller iss$ed bef!re the 5rant !f a #atent+>!:". *mendment of specification &efore *ppellate Board or Cih o%rt

)1* %n any #r!ceedin5 bef!re the A##ellate !ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt f!r the re!cati!n

!f a #atent, the A##ellate !ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt, as the case may be, may, s$bBect t! the#r!isi!ns c!ntained in secti!n @9, all!w the #atentee t! amend his c!m#lete s#ecificati!n in

s$ch manner and s$bBect t! s$ch terms as t! c!sts, adertisement !r !therwise, as the A##ellate!ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt may thin? fit, and if, in any #r!ceedin5s f!r re!cati!n, the A##ellate

!ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt decides that the

1 %nserted by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00, w+e+f+ 0

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#atent is inalid, it may all!w the s#ecificati!n t! be amended $nder this secti!n instead !f

re!?in5 the #atent+

)* Dhere an a##licati!n f!r an !rder $nder this secti!n is made t! the A##ellate !ard !rthe Hi5h C!$rt, the a##licant shall 5ie n!tice !f the a##licati!n t! the C!ntr!ller, and theC!ntr!ller shall be entitled t! a##ear and be heard, and shall a##ear if s! directed by the

A##ellate !ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt+ ).* C!#ies !f all !rders !f the A##ellate !ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt all!win5 the #atentee t!

amend the s#ecificati!n shall be transmitted by the A##ellate !ard !r the Hi5h C!$rt t! theC!ntr!ller wh! shall, !n recei#t there!f, ca$se an entry there!f and reference theret! t! be made

in the re5ister+>9. S%pplementar' pro$isions as to amendment of application or specification 1[)l* N! amendment !f an a##licati!n f!r a #atent !r a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n !r any

d!c$ment relatin5 theret! shall be made e-ce#t by way !f disclaimer, c!rrecti!n !r e-#lanati!n,and n! amendment there!f shall be all!wed, e-ce#t f!r the #$r#!se !f inc!r#!rati!n !f act$alfact, and n! amendment !f a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n shall be all!wed, the effect !f which w!$ld

be that the s#ecificati!n as amended w!$ld claim !r describe matter n!t in s$bstance discl!sed!r sh!wn in the s#ecificati!n bef!re the amendment, !r that any claim !f the s#ecificati!n as

amended w!$ld n!t fall wh!lly within the sc!#e !f a claim !f the s#ecificati!n bef!re theamendment+> [)* Dhere after the date !f 5rant !f #atent any amendment !f the s#ecificati!n !r any!ther d!c$ments related theret! is all!wed by the C!ntr!ller !r by the A##ellate !ard !r the

Hi5h C!$rt, as the case may be, )a* the amendment shall f!r all #$r#!ses be deemed t! f!rm #art !f the s#ecificati!n

al!n5 with !ther d!c$ments related theret!; )b* the fact that the s#ecificati!n !r any !ther d!c$ments related theret! has been

amended shall be #$blished as e-#editi!$sly as #!ssible; and )c* the ri5ht !f the a##licant !r #atentee t! ma?e amendment shall n!t be called

in 6$esti!n e-ce#t !n the 5r!$nd !f fra$d+> ).* %n c!nstr$in5 the s#ecificati!n as amended, reference may be made t! the

s#ecificati!n as !ri5inally acce#ted+

CHAPTER $I"EST"AT%N F 'APSE4 PATENTS

!0. *pplications for restoration of lapsed patents

)1* Dhere a #atent has ceased t! hae effect by reas!n !f fail$re t! #ay any renewal feewithin the .[#eri!d #rescribed $nder secti!n @. !r within s$ch #eri!d as may be all!wed $nder

s$b, the #atentee !r his le5al re#resentatie, and where the #atentwas held by tw! !r m!re #ers!ns B!intly, then, with the leae !f the C!ntr!ller, !ne !r m!re !f

them with!$t B!inin5 the !thers, may, within [ei5hteen m!nths> fr!m the date !n which the#atent ceased t! hae effect, ma?e an a##licati!n f!r the rest!rati!n !f the #atent+

[&mitted by Patents (Arndt.) Act, 2002, w.e.. 20"5"200' ide .0.5*!($), dt. 20"5"200'#

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).* An a##licati!n $nder this secti!n shall c!ntain a statement, erified in the #rescribed

manner, f$lly settin5 !$t the circ$mstances which led t! the fail$re t! #ay the #rescribed fee,

and the C!ntr!ller may re6$ire fr!m the a##licant s$ch f$rther eidence as he may thin?necessary+!1. (roced%re for disposal of applications for restoration of lapsed patents

)1* %f, alter hearin5 the a##licant in cases where the a##licant s! desires !r the C!ntr!llerthin?s fit, the C!ntr!ller is #rima facie satisfied that the fail$re t! #ay the renewal fee was

$nintenti!nal and that there has been n! $nd$e delay in the ma?in5 !f the a##licati!n, he shall1[$blish> the a##licati!n in the #rescribed manner; and within the #rescribed #eri!d any #ers!n

interested may 5ie n!tice t! the C!ntr!ller !f !##!siti!n theret! !n either !r b!th !f thef!ll!win5 5r!$nds, that is t! say

)a* that the fail$re t! #ay the renewal fee was n!t $nintenti!nal; !r ;

)b* that there has been $nd$e delay in the ma?in5 !f the a##licati!n+ )* %f n!tice !f !##!siti!n is 5ien within the #eri!d af!resaid, the C!ntr!ller shall n!tifythe a##licant and shall 5ie t! him and t! the !##!nent an !##!rt$nity t! be heard bef!re he

decides the case+ ).* %f n! n!tice !f !##!siti!n is 5ien within the #eri!d af!resaid !r if in the case !f

!##!siti!n, the decisi!n !f the C!ntr!ller is in fa!$r !f the a##licant, the C!ntr!ller shall, $#!n#ayment !f any $n#aid renewal fee and s$ch additi!nal fee as may be #rescribed, rest!re the

#atent and any #atent !f additi!n s#ecified in the a##licati!n which has ceased t! hae effect !nthe cesser, !f that #atent+

)* The C!ntr!ller may, if he thin?s fit, as a c!nditi!n !f rest!rin5 the #atent, re6$ire thatan entry shall be made in the re5ister !f any d!c$ment !r matter which, $nder the #r!isi!ns !fthis Act, has t! be entered in the re5ister b$t which has n!t been s! entered+!2. ;ihts of patentees of lapsed patents hich ha$e &een restored

)1* #here a patent is restored, the rihts of the patentee shall &e s%&Aect to s%chpro$isions as ma' &e prescri&ed and to s%ch other pro$isions as the ontroller thins fit

to impose for the protection or compensation of persons ho ma' ha$e &e%n to a$ail

themsel$es of, or ha$e taen definite steps &' contract or otherise to a$ail themsel$es of,

the patented in$ention &eteen the date hen the patent ceased to ha$e effect and the date

of the 2:p%&lication] of the application for restoration of the patent %nder this chapter+

)* N! s$it !r !ther #r!ceedin5 shall be c!mmenced !r #r!sec$ted in res#ect !f aninfrin5ement !f a #atent c!mmitted between the date !n which the #atent ceased t! hae effect

and the date !f [#$blicati!n> !f the a##licati!n f!r rest!rati!n !f the #atent+CHAPTER $II

S""EN4E" AN4 "E3CAT%N F PATENTS!3. S%rrender of patents

)1* A #atentee may, at any time by 5iin5 n!tice in the #rescribed manner t! theC!ntr!ller, !ffer t! s$rrender his #atent+

)* Dhere s$ch an !ffer is made, the C!ntr!ller shall l[#$blish> the !ffer in the #rescribedmanner, and als! n!tify eery #ers!n !ther than the #atentee wh!se name a##ears in the re5ister

as hain5 an interest in the #atent+ ).* Any #ers!n interested may, within the #rescribed #eri!d after s$ch [#$bli, 5ie n!tice t! the C!ntr!ller !f !##!siti!n t! the s$rrender, and where any s$ch n!tice

is 5ien the C!ntr!ller shall n!tify the #atentee+

)* %f the C!ntr!ller is satisfied after hearin5 the #atentee and any !##!nent, if desir!$s !fbein5 heard, that the #atent may #r!#erly be s$rrendered, he may acce#t the !ffer and, by !rder,re!?e the #atent+ :+ "e!cati!n !f #atents

)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this Act, a #atent, whether 5ranted bef!re !rafter the c!mmencement !f this Act, may, 1[be re!?ed !n a #etiti!n !f any #ers!n interested !r

!f the Central /!ernment by the A##ellate !ard !r !n a c!$nterclaim in a s$it f!rinfrin5ement !f the #atent by the Hi5h C!$rt> !n any !f the f!ll!win5 5r!$nds, that is t! say

)a* that the inenti!n, s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n, wasclaimed in a alid claim !f earlier #ri!rity date c!ntained in the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n

!f an!ther #atent 5ranted in %ndia;

)b* that the #a tent was 5ranted !n the a##licati!n !f a #ers!n n!t entitled $nder the#r!isi!ns !f this Act t! a##ly theref!r& [----> )c* that the #atent was !btained wr!n5f$lly in c!ntraenti!n !f the ri5hts !f the #etiti!ner

!r any #ers!n $nder !r thr!$5h wh!m he claims; )d* that the s$bBect !f any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t an inenti!n within

the meanin5 !f this Act; )e* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t

new, hain5 re5ard t! what was #$blicly ?n!wn !r #$blicly $sed in %ndia bef!re the#ri!rity date !f the claim !r t! what was #$blished in %ndia !r elsewhere in any !f the

d!c$ments referred t! in secti!n 1. &[---->

)f* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is!bi!$s !r d!es n!t in!le any inentie ste#, hain5 re5ard t! what was #$blicly

?n!wn !r #$blicly $sed in %ndia !r what was #$blished in %ndia !r elsewhere bef!rethe #ri!rity date !f the claim; [--->

)5* that the inenti!n, s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n, is n!t$sef$l;

)h* that the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n d!es n!t s$fficiently and fairly describe the inenti!nand the meth!d by which it is t! be #erf!rmed, that is t! say, that the descri#ti!n !f

the meth!d !r the instr$cti!ns f!r the w!r?in5 !f the inenti!n, as c!ntained in thec!m#lete s#ecificati!n are n!t by themseles s$fficient t! enable a #ers!n in %ndia

#!ssessin5 aera5e s?ill in, and aera5e ?n!wled5e !f, the art t! which the inenti!nrelates, t! w!r? the inenti!n, !r that it d!es n!t discl!se the best meth!d !f

#erf!rmin5 it which was ?n!wn t! the a##licant f!r the #atent and f!r which he wasentitled t! claim #r!tecti!n;

)i* that the sc!#e !f any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t s$fficiently

1 S%&stit%ted for on the petition of an' person interested or of the entral 8o$ernment or on a

co%nter-claim in a s%it for infrinement of the patent, &e re$oed &' the Cih o%rt &' the (atents

)*mdt.+ *ct, 200, .e.f. the date to &e notified.

Pr!is! !mitted by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00, w+e+f+ 0

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40 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N :

and clearly defined !r that any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t fairly, based

!n the matter discl!sed in the s#ecificati!n;

)B* that the #atent was !btained !n a false s$55esti!n !r re#resentati!n; )?* that the s$bBect !f any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n is n!t #atentable$nder this Act;

)l* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n wassecretly $sed in %ndia, !therwise than as menti!ned in s$b)!* that leae t! amend the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n $nder secti!n @7 !r secti!n @= was

!btained by fra$d+1[)#* that the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n d!es n!t discl!se !r wr!n5ly menti!ns the s!$rce !r

5e!5ra#hical !ri5in !f bi!l!5ical material $sed f!r the inenti!n; )6* that the inenti!n s! far as claimed in any claim !f the c!m#lete s#ecificati!n was

antici#ated hain5 re5ard t! the ?n!wled5e, !ral !r !therwise, aailable within anyl!cal !r indi5en!$s c!mm$nity in %ndia !r elsewhere+>G

)* F!r the #$r#!ses !f cla$ses )e* and )f* !f s$b; and )b* where the #atent is f!r a #r!cess !r f!r a #r!d$ct as made by a #r!cess described !r

claimed, the im#!rtati!n int! %ndia !f the #r!d$ct made abr!ad by that #r!cess shall

c!nstit$te ?n!wled5e !r $se in %ndia !f the inenti!n !n the date !f the im#!rtati!n,e-ce#t where s$ch im#!rtati!n has been f!r the #$r#!se !f reas!nable trial !r

e-#eriment !nly+).* F!r the #$r#!se !f cla$se )1* !f s$b

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SECT%N :@ THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 41

)4+ #itho%t preA%dice to the pro$isions contained in s%&-section )1+, a patent ma' &e

re$oed &' the Cih o%rt on the petition of the entral 8o$ernment, if the Cih o%rt is satisfied

that the patentee has itho%t reasona&le ca%se failed to compl' ith the re

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SECT%N :9 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 43

#artic$lars c!m#risin5 the re5ister !r #art !f the re5ister in c!m#$ter fl!##ies,

dis?ettes !r any !ther electr!nic f!rm; and

)c* references in this Act t! the rectificati!n !f the re5ister are t! be read as incl$din5references t! the rectificati!n !f the rec!rd !f #artic$lars ?e#t in c!m#$ter fl!##ies,dis?ettes !r any !ther electr!nic f!rm and c!m#risin5 the re5ister !r #art !f the

re5ister+>1:!". *ssinments, etc. not to &e $alid %nless in ritin and d%l' exec%ted

An assi5nment !f a #atent !r !f a share in a #atent, a m!rta5e, licence !r the creati!n!f any !ther interest in a #atent shall n!t be alid $nless the same were in writin5 and the

a5reement between the #arties c!ncerned is red$ced t! the f!rm !f a d!c$ment emb!dyin5 allthe terms and c!nditi!ns 5!ernin5 their ri5hts and !bli5ati!ns and d$ly e-ec$ted+>!9. ;eistration of assinments, transmissions, etc.

)1* Dhere any #ers!n bec!mes entitled by assi5nment, transmissi!n !r !#erati!n !f lawt! a #atent !r t! a share in a #atent !r bec!mes entitled as a m!rt5a5ee, licensee !r !therwise t!any !ther interest in a #atent, he shall a##ly in writin5 in the #rescribed manner t! the C!ntr!ller

f!r the re5istrati!n !f his title !r, as the case may be !f n!tice !f his interest in the re5ister+ )* Dith!$t #reB$dice t! the #r!isi!ns !f s$b

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t! rectify the re5ister, a d!c$ment in res#ect !f which n! entry has been made in the re5ister

$nder s$bthe #ers!n !r #ers!ns re5istered as 5rantee !r #r!#riet!r !f #atent shall hae #!wer t! assi5n,5rant licences $nder, !r !therwise deal with the #atent and t! 5ie effect$al recei#ts f!r

c!nsiderati!n f!r any s$ch assi5nment, licence !r dealin5&P"3%4E4 that any e6$ities in res#ect !f the #atent may be enf!rced in li?e manner

as in res#ect !f any !ther m!able #r!#erty+71. ;ectification of reister &' 1:*ppellate Board]

)1* The 1[A##ellate !ard> may, !n the a##licati!n !f any #ers!n a55rieed)a*< by the absence !r !missi!n fr!m the re5ister !f any entry; !r

)b* by any entry made in the re5ister with!$t s$fficient ca$se; !r)c* by any entry wr!n5ly remainin5 !n the re5ister; !r

)d* by any err!r !r defect in any entry in the re5ister,ma?e s$ch !rder f!r the ma?in5, ariati!n !r deleti!n, !f any entry therein as it may thin? fit+

)* %n any #r!ceedin5 $nder this secti!n the 1[A##ellate !ard> may decide any6$esti!n that may be necessary !r e-#edient t! decide in c!nnecti!n with the rectificati!n !f the

re5ister+).* N!tice !f any a##licati!n t! the 1[A##ellate !ard> $nder this secti!n shall be

5ien in the #rescribed manner t! the C!ntr!ller wh! shall be entitled t! a##ear and be heard !nthe a##licati!n, and shall a##ear if s! directed by the [!ard>+

)* Any !rder !f the 1[A##ellate !ard> $nder this secti!n rectifyin5 the re5ister shalldirect that n!tice !f the rectificati!n shall be sered $#!n the C!ntr!ller in the #rescribed

manner wh! shall $#!n recei#t !f s$ch n!tice rectify the re5ister acc!rdin5ly+72. ;eister to &e open for inspection

)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this Act and any r$les made there$nder, there5ister shall at all c!nenient times be !#en t! ins#ecti!n by the #$blic; and certified c!#ies,

sealed with the seal !f the #atent !ffice, !f any entry in the re5ister shall be 5ien t! any #ers!nre6$irin5 them !n #ayment !f the #rescribed fee+

)* The re5ister shall be #rima facie eidence !f any matters re6$ired !r a$th!rised by!r $nder this Act t! be entered therein+

.[).* %f the rec!rd !r #artic$lars is ?e#t in c!m#$ter fl!##ies !r dis?ettes !r in any!ther electr!nic f!rm, s$b

1 S$bstit$ted f!r 8Hi5h C!$rt8 by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00, w+e+f+ 0

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SECT%N 7 @ THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 4

CHAPTER $IVPATENT FF%CE AN4 %TS ESTA'%SH(ENT

73. ontroller and other officers

)1* The C!ntr!ller /eneral !f Patents, 4esi5ns and Trade (ar?s a##!inted $nder s$b shall be the C!ntr!ller !f Patents f!r the#$r#!ses !f this Act+

)* F!r the #$r#!ses !f this Act the Central /!ernment may a##!int as manye-aminers and !ther !fficers and with s$ch desi5nati!ns as it thin?s fit+

).* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns !f this Act, the !fficers a##!inted $nder s$b

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4" THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N ="3. 8eneral principles applica&le to orin of patented in$entions

Dith!$t #reB$dice t! the !ther #r!isi!ns c!ntained in this Act, in e-ercisin5 the

#!wers c!nferred by this Cha#ter, re5ard shall be had t! the f!ll!win5 5eneral c!nsiderati!ns,

namely,)a* that #atents are 5ranted t! enc!$ra5e inenti!ns and t! sec$re that the inenti!nsare w!r?ed in %ndia !n a c!mmercial scale and t! the f$llest e-tent that is

reas!nably #racticable with!$t $nd$e delay;)b* that they are n!t 5ranted merely t! enable #atentees t! enB!y a m!n!#!ly f!r the

im#!rtati!n !f the #atented article;)c* that the #r!tecti!n and enf!rcement !f #atent ri5hts c!ntrib$te t! the #r!m!ti!n

!f techn!l!5ical inn!ati!n and t! the transfer and disseminati!n !f techn!l!5y,t! the m$t$al adanta5e !f #r!d$cers and $sers !f techn!l!5ical ?n!wled5e and

in a manner c!nd$cie t! s!cial and ec!n!mic welfare, and t! a balance !f ri5hts

and !bli5ati!ns;)d* that #atents 5ranted d! n!t im#ede #r!tecti!n !f #$blic health and n$triti!n andsh!$ld act as instr$ment t! #r!m!te #$blic interest s#ecially in sect!rs !f ital

im#!rtance f!r s!ci!

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0 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N =:

)c* if the #atentee im#!ses a c!nditi!n $#!n the 5rant !f licences $nder the #atent t!#r!ide e-cl$sie 5rant bac?, #reenti!n t! challen5es t! the alidity !f #atent !r

c!ercie #ac?a5e licensin5; !r)d* if the #atented inenti!n is n!t bein5 w!r?ed in the territ!ry !f %ndia !n a c!mmercial

scale t! an ade6$ate e-tent !r is n!t bein5 s! w!r?ed t! the f$llest e-tent that isreas!nably #racticable; !r

)e* if the orin of the patented in$ention in the territor' of ndia on a commercial

scale is &ein pre$ented or hindered &' the importation from a&road of the

patented article &'>

)i+ the patentee or persons claimin %nder him? or

)ii+ persons directl' or indirectl' p%rchasin from him? or

)iii+ other persons aainst hom the patentee is not tain or has not taen

proceedinsfor infrinement.

". ;e$ocation of patents &' the ontroller for non-orin)1* Dhere, in res#ect !f a #atent, a c!m#$ls!ry licence has been 5ranted, the Central

/!ernment !r any #ers!n interested may, after the e-#irati!n !f tw! years fr!m the date !f the !rder

5rantin5 the first c!m#$ls!ry licence, a##ly t! the C!ntr!ller f!r an !rder re!?in5 the #atent !n the

5r!$nd that the #atented inenti!n has n!t been w!r?ed in the territ!ry !f %ndia !r that reas!nable

re6$irements !f the #$blic with res#ect t! the #atented inenti!n hae n!t been satisfied !r that the

#atented inenti!n is n!t aailable t! the #$blic at a reas!nably aff!rdable #rice+

)* Eery a##licati!n $nder s$b

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SECT%N == THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 1

rec?!ned fr!m the date !n which the #eri!d d$rin5 which the w!r?in5 !f the inenti!n was

#reented by s$ch Act, r$le !r re5$lati!n !r !rder !f /!ernment as c!m#$ted fr!m the date !f

the a##licati!n, e-#ires+)* N! adB!$rnment $nder s$b

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SECT%N 9 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 @.

s$ch im#!rtati!n w!$ld, b$t f!r s$ch a$th!risati!n, c!nstit$te an infrin5ement !f the ri5hts !f

the #atentee+

).* N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in s$b

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c!nsistent with the #atentees deriin5 a reas!nable adanta5e fr!m their #atent ri5hts+

)* The #r!isi!ns !f sees+ =.,=7,==,=9 and 90 shall a##ly in relati!n t! the 5rant !f

licences $nder this secti!n as they a##ly in relati!n t! the 5rant !f licences $nder sec+ =+).* N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in s$b

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SECT%N 100 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970

P"3%4E4 that the h!lder !f the c!m#$ls!ry licence shall hae the ri5ht t! !bBect t!

s$ch terminati!n+

)* Dhile c!nsiderin5 an a##licati!n $nder s$b

CHAPTER $VIISE F %N3ENT%NS F" P"PSES F /3E"N(ENT AN4 ACQ%S%T%N F

%N3ENT%NS CENT"A' /3E"N(ENT99. eanin of %se of in$ention for p%rposes of o$ernment

)1* F!r the #$r#!ses !f this cha#ter, an inenti!n is said t! be $sed f!r the #$r#!ses!f 5!ernment if it is made, $sed, e-ercised !r ended f!r the #$r#!ses !f the Central

/!ernment, a State /!ernment !r a 5!ernment $nderta?in5.l))2+ xxx]

).* N!thin5 c!ntained in this Cha#ter shall a##ly in res#ect !f any s$ch im#!rtati!nma?in5 !r $sin5 !f any machine, a##arat$s, !r !ther article !r !f any s$ch $sin5 !f any #r!cess

!r !f any s$ch im#!rtati!n, $sin5 !r distrib$ti!n !f any medicine !r dr$5, as may be made byirt$e !f !ne !r m!re !f the c!nditi!ns s#ecified in secti!n 7+

100. (oer of entral 8o$ernment to %se in$entions for p%rposes of o$ernment

)1* N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in this Act, at any time after an a##licati!n

f!r a #atent has been filed at the #atent !ffice !r a #atent has been 5ranted, the Central/!ernment and any #ers!n a$th!rised in writin5 by it may $se the inenti!n f!r the #$r#!ses

!f 5!ernment in acc!rdance with the #r!isi!ns !f this cha#ter+)* Dhere an inenti!n has, bef!re the #ri!rity date !f the releant claim !f the

c!m#lete s#ecificati!n, been d$ly rec!rded in a d!c$ment, !r tested !r tried, by !r !n behalf !fthe 5!ernment !r a 5!ernment $nderta?in5, !therwise than in c!nse6$ence !f the

c!mm$nicati!n !f the inenti!n directly !r indirectly, by the #atentee !r by a #ers!n fr!mwh!m he deries title, any $se !f the inenti!n by the Central /!ernment !r any #ers!n

a$th!rised in writin5 by it f!r the #$r#!ses !f 5!ernment may be made free !f any r!yalty !r!ther rem$nerati!n t! the #atentee+

).* %f and s! far as the inenti!n has n!t been s! rec!rded !r tried !r tested asaf!resaid, any $se !f the inenti!n made by the Central /!ernment !f any #ers!n a$th!rised

by it $nder s$b !r in c!nse6$ence !f any s$chc!mm$nicati!n as af!resaid, shall be made $#!n terms as may be a5reed $#!n either bef!re !r

after the $se, between the Central /!ernment !r any #ers!n a$th!rised $nder s$b

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! THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 101

5ien t! any #ers!n, whether !r n!t he is a$th!rised directly !r indirectly by the a##licant !r the

#atentee t! ma?e, $se, e-ercise !r end the inenti!n !r im#!rt the machine, a##arat$s !r !ther

article !r medicine !r dr$5 c!ered by s$ch #atent+)@* Dhere an inenti!n has been $sed by !r with the a$th!rity !f the Central/!ernment f!r the #$r#!ses !f 5!ernment $nder this secti!n, then1[e-ce#t in case !f nati!nal

emer5ency !r !ther circ$mstances !f e-treme $r5ency !r f!r n!n, the5!ernment shall n!tify the #atentee as s!!n as #racticable !f the fact and f$rnish him with s$ch

inf!rmati!n as t! the e-tent !f the $se !f the inenti!n as he may, fr!m time t! time, reas!nablyre6$ire; and where the inenti!n has been f!r the #$r#!ses !f a 5!ernment $nderta?in5, the

Central /!ernment may call f!r s$ch inf!rmati!n as may be necessary f!r this #$r#!se fr!ms$ch $nderta?in5+

):* The ri5ht t! ma?e, $se, e-ercise and end an inenti!n f!r the #$r#!ses !f

5!ernment $nder s$b

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and the re#r!d$cti!n !r #$blicati!n !f any m!del !r d!c$ment in c!nnecti!n with the said $se

f!r the #$r#!ses !f 5!ernment shall n!t been deemed t! be an infrin5ement !f any c!#yri5ht

s$bsistin5 in the m!del !r d!c$ment+)* Dhere the #atent, !r the ri5ht t! a##ly f!r !r !btain the #atent, has been assi5nedt! the #atentee in c!nsiderati!n !f r!yalties !r !ther benefits determined by reference t! the $se

!f the inenti!n 1[- - -> then, in relati!n t! any $se !f the inenti!n made f!r the #$r#!ses !f5!ernment by the #atentee t! the !rder !f the Central /!ernment, s$b

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" THE PATEsNTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 10.

w!r?ed )incl$din5 the #r!fits made d$rin5 s$ch #eri!d by the #atentee !r by his licensee

whether e-cl$sie !r !therwise* and !ther releant fact!rs+

103. ;eference to Cih o%rt of disp%tes as to %se for p%rposes of o$ernment )1* Any dis#$te as t! the e-ercise by the Central /!ernment !r a #ers!n a$th!rised by it!f the #!wers c!nferred by secti!n 100, !r as t! terms f!r the $se !f an inenti!n f!r the

#$r#!ses !f 5!ernment there$nder !r as t! the ri5ht !f any #ers!n t! receie any #art !f a#ayment made in #$rs$ance !f s$b

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SECT%N 10@ THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 9

CHAPTER $VIIIS%TS CNCE"N%N/ %NF"%N/E(ENT F PATENTS

104. E%risdiction

6o s%it for a declaration %nder section 10 or for an' relief %nder section 10! orfor infrinement of a patent shall &e instit%ted in an' co%rt inferior to a district co%rt

ha$in A%risdiction to tr' the s%itF

(;@D5D that here a co%nter-claim for re$ocation of the patent is made &'

the defendant, the s%it, alon ith the co%nter-claim, shall &e transferred to the Cih

o%rt for decision.

56S

There is a distinction &aintained as bet!een the defence raised to a suit forinfrine&ent of a patent vide s# 1542 on the one hand and the revocation souht of apatent on the other vide s# 6+2# The rounds &a" be the sa&e, but still there is noinconsistenc" on account of the suit bein defended as liable to dis&issal in aparticular case and a case !here the defendant seeks also that the patent asserted b"the plaintiff be revoked# )t is onl" !hen there is a counter clai& seekin revocation ofthe patent that the urisdiction of the =istrict $ourt is ousted# The proviso to s# 15+bein in the nature of an exception to the eneral rule, it has to be strictl" construed#There is no express clai& on the part of the defendant for revocation of the patent!hereof infrine&ent is alleed b" the plaintiff# That the defendant pleads that thepatent set up b" the plaintiff is invalid a&ounts onl" to the defendant raisin a roundfor the relief souht b" the plaintiff bein declined0 it does not follo! necessaril" thatthe defendant also seeks b" !a" of a counterclai& that the patent be revoked# Thedefendant has not asserted in the pleadins an"!here that the" are the patentee orthat the" are entitled to be reistered as such# The rounds raised are cu&ulativel"and also individuall" b" !a" of defence to the plaintiff-s action#.Eabcon $orporation v#)ndustrial Cnineerin $orporation A)> 1984 All 3381[104A. %&rden of proof in case of s&its concernin' infrin'ement )1* %n any s$it f!r infrin5ement !f a #atent, where the s$bBect matter !f #atent is a #r!cess

f!r !btainin5 a #r!d$ct, the c!$rt may direct the defendant t! #r!e that the #r!cess $sed by himt! !btain the #r!d$ct, identical t! the #r!d$ct !f the #atented #r!cess, is different fr!m the

#atented #r!cess if, )a* the s$bBect matter !f the #atent is a #r!cess f!r !btainin5 a new #r!d$ct; !r

)b* there is a s$bstantial li?elih!!d that the identical #r!d$ct is made by the #r!cess, andthe #atentee !r a #ers!n deriin5 title !r interest in the #atent fr!m him, has been

$nable thr!$5h reas!nable eff!rts t! determine the #r!cess act$ally $sed&P"3%4E4 that the #atentee !r a #ers!n deriin5 title !r interest in the #atent fr!m

him, first #r!es that the #r!d$ct is identical t! the #r!d$ct directly !btained by the #atented#r!cess+

)* %n c!nsiderin5 whether a #arty has dischar5ed the b$rden im#!sed $#!n him by s$b10@+ (oer of co%rt to mae declaration as to non-infrinement

)1* N!twithstandin5 anythin5 c!ntained in secti!n . !f the S#ecific "elief Act,

1 %nserted by Patents )Amdt+* Act, 00, w+e+f+ 0

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!0 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 107

19:., )7 !f 19:.*, any #ers!n may instit$te a s$it f!r a declarati!n that the $se by him !f any

#r!cess, !r the ma?in5, $se !r sale !f any article by him d!es n!t, !r w!$ld n!t, c!nstit$te an

infrin5ement !f a claim !f a #atent a5ainst the #atentee !r the h!lder !f an e-cl$sie licence$nder the #atent, n!twithstandin5 that n! asserti!n t! the c!ntrary has been made by the#atentee !r the licensee, if it is sh!wn

)a* that the #laintiff has a##lied in writin5 t! the #atentee !r e-cl$sie licensee f!r awritten ac?n!wled5ment t! the effect !f the declarati!n claimed and has

f$rnished him with f$ll #artic$lars in writin5 !f the #r!cess !r article in 6$esti!n;and

)b* that the #atentee !r licensee has ref$sed !r ne5lected t! 5ie s$ch anac?n!wled5ment+

)* The c!sts !f all #arties in a s$it f!r a declarati!n br!$5ht by irt$e !f this secti!n

shall, $nless f!r s#ecial reas!ns the c!$rt thin?s fit t! !rder !therwise, be #aid by the #laintiff+ ).* The alidity !f a claim !f the s#ecificati!n !f a #atent shall n!t be called in 6$esti!nin a s$it f!r declarati!n br!$5ht by irt$e !f this secti!n, and acc!rdin5ly the ma?in5 !r ref$sal

!f s$ch a declarati!n in the case !f a #atent shall n!t be deemed t! im#ly that the #atent is alid!r inalid+

)* A s$it f!r a declarati!n may be br!$5ht by irt$e !f this secti!n at any time 1[after the#$blicati!n !f 5rant !f a #atent>, and references in this secti!n t! the #atentee shall be c!nstr$ed

acc!rdin5ly+10!. (oer of co%rt to rant relief in cases of ro%ndless threats of infrinement

proceedins

)1* Dhere any #ers!n )whether entitled t! !r interested in a #atent !r an a##licati!n f!r a#atent !r n!t* threatens any !ther #ers!n by circ$lars !r adertisements !r by c!mm$nicati!ns,!ral !r in writin5 addressed t! that !r any !ther #ers!n, with #r!ceedin5s f!r infrin5ement !f a

#atent, any #ers!n a55rieed thereby may brin5 a s$it a5ainst him #rayin5 f!r the f!ll!win5reliefs, that is t! say

)a* a declarati!n t! the effect that the threats are $nB$stifiable;)b* an inB$ncti!n a5ainst the c!ntin$ance !f the threats; and

)c* s$ch dama5es, if any, as he has s$stained thereby+ )* nless in s$ch s$it the defendant #r!es that the acts in res#ect !f which the

#r!ceedin5s were threatened c!nstit$te !r, if d!ne, w!$ld c!nstit$te, an infrin5ement !f a #atent!r !f ri5hts arisin5 fr!m the #$blicati!n !f a c!m#lete s#ecificati!n in res#ect !f a claim !f the

s#ecificati!n n!t sh!wn by the #laintiff t! be inalid, the c!$rt may 5rant t! the #laintiff all !rany !f the reliefs #rayed f!r+

$%planation 1 A mere n!tificati!n !f the e-istence !f a #atent d!es n!t c!nstit$te a threat !f#r!ceedin5 within the meanin5 !f this secti!n+

107. Defences, etc. in s%its for infrinement

)1* %n any s$it f!r infrin5ement !f a #atent, eery 5r!$nd !n which it may be re!?ed

$nder secti!n : shall be aailable as a 5r!$nd f!r

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: THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 111

materials and im#lement, the #red!minant $se !f which is in the creati!n !f infrin5in5 5!!ds

shall be sei2ed, f!rfeited !r destr!yed, as the c!$rt deems fit $nder the circ$mstances !f the case

with!$t #ayment !f any c!m#ensati!n+>109. ;iht of excl%si$e licensee to tae proceedins aainst infrinement)1* The h!lder !f an e-cl$sie licence shall hae the li?e ri5ht as the #atentee t!

instit$te a s$it in res#ect !f any infrin5ement !f the #atent c!mmitted after the date !f thelicence, and in awardin5 dama5es !r an acc!$nt !f #r!fits !r 5rantin5 any !ther relief in any

s$ch s$it the c!$rt shall ta?e int! c!nsiderati!n any l!ss s$ffered !r li?ely t! be s$ffered by thee-cl$sie licensee as s$ch !r, as the case may be, the #r!fits earned by means !f the

infrin5ement s! far as it c!nstit$tes an infrin5ement !f the ri5hts !f the e-cl$sie licensee ass$ch+

)* %n any s$it f!r infrin5ement !f a #atent by the h!lder !f an e-cl$sie licence $nder

s$b

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!4 THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 117A

)* The rem$nerati!n !f the scientific adiser shall be fi-ed by the c!$rt and shall

incl$de the c!sts !f ma?in5 a re#!rt and a #r!#er daily fee f!r any day !n which the scientific

adiser may be re6$ired t! attend bef!re the c!$rt, and s$ch rem$nerati!n shall be defrayed !$t!f m!neys #r!ided by Parliament by law f!r the #$r#!se+1[CHAPTER $I$

APPEA'S T THE APPE''ATE A"411!. *ppellate Board

)1* S$bBect t! the #r!isi!ns !f this Act, the A##ellate !ard established $ndersecti!n =. !f the Trade (ar?s Act, 1999 shall be the A##ellate !ard f!r the #$r#!ses !f this

Act and the said A##ellate !ard shall e-ercise the B$risdicti!n, #!wer and a$th!rity c!nferred!n it by !r $nder this Act&

P"3%4E4 that the Technical (ember !f the A##ellate !ard f!r the #$r#!ses !f

this Act shall hae the 6$alificati!ns s#ecified in s$b

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SECT%N 117E THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 !

)* An a##eal shall lie t! the A##ellate !ard fr!m any decisi!n, !rder !r directi!n !f

the C!ntr!ller !r Central /!ernment $nder secti!n 1@, secti!n 1:, secti!n 17, secti!n 1=,

secti!n 19,

1

[secti!n 0, s$b, secti!n @1, secti!n @, secti!n@7, secti!n :0, secti!n :1, secti!n :., secti!n ::, s$b

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!! THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 SECT%N 10

)ii* which has been !##!sed and the C!ntr!ller c!nsiders that his

a##earance is necessary in the #$blic interest,

and the C!ntr!ller shall a##ear in any case if s! directed by the A##ellate !ard+)* nless the A##ellate !ard !therwise directs, the C!ntr!ller may, in lie$ !fa##earin5, s$bmit a statement in writin5 si5ned by him, 5iin5 s$ch #artic$lars as he thin?s

#r!#er !f the #r!ceedin5s bef!re him relatin5 t! the matter in iss$e !r !f the 5r!

14. the patents act, 1970

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