Past Participle as Adjective

Formation of the Past Participle

• 1. Simply remove the –AR, -ER, or –IR from the end of the infinitive– hablar>>habl– comer>>com– vivir>>viv

• 2. Add ado for –AR verbs and ido for –ER, -IR Verbs– hablado– comido– vivido

-ER, -IR Verbs

• When an –ER or –IR verb is placed in past participle form, and the “i” in “ido” is placed next to a vowel, it must be accented.– Examples• caer->>caído• creer->>creído• leer->>leído• oír>>oído• (son)reír->>sonreído• traer->>traído

Irregulars

• There are a number of irregulars in the past participle, as there are in English. Memorize!

Use of Past Participle as Adjective

• Must match number and gender.– Ellos viven en dos casas contruidas en 1920.– La lengua hablada en mi casa es inglés.

• Often used with “estar” to describe conditions resulting from a previous action. – La ventana está abierta.– El lago está contaminado.– Todos los peces estaban cubiertos de crudo.

Differences between ENG and SPA

• English past participle and past tense are often similar in form and use.– I closed the book.– The thief stood behind the closed door.

• Spanish, the two forms are used very differently and look very dissimilar. – Yo cerré la puerta. Ahora la puerta está cerrada.– Resolvieron el problema. Ahora el problema está

resuelto.