1.4 – interaction of respiratory & circulatory systems
TRANSCRIPT
Circulatory SystemTransports dissolved gases & nutrients to cells
in the bodyHeart muscle contractions produce pressure so
that blood can be pumped around the body Valves close after blood is pushed through them
to prevent blood from flowing backwardsArteries carry oxygen-rich blood and nutrients
like glucose to cellsVeins carry oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood
and wastes like CO2 that need to be removed from body
The Heart: The Body’s Pump
Before being dispersed through the body, blood flows through:all 4 chambers of
the heart the lungs
The Workhorse of the Circulatory System
1 – from body to
right atrium2 – right ventricle
to lungs for gas exchange
3 – from lungs to left atrium
4 – left ventricle to body
1
2
3
4
The Path of Blood in the Body
Blood from body:Vein (vena cava) Right atrium Right ventricle Lungs (pulmonary
arteries, then pulmonary veins)
Left atrium Left ventricle Artery (aorta) Blood circulates to body
Blood in the Heart & Lungs
Blood returning from the body is oxygen-poorcarries CO2 waste
from cell respiration
Blood returning from the lungs is oxygenatedbright red due to
the high O2 contentThe circulatory system and respiratory
system work together
Teamwork is a Beautiful Thing
The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to deliver nutrients to the body’s cellsblood is a part of the circulatory systemlungs are a part of the respiratory system
gas exchange = taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in the lungs
Capillaries
Networks of very thin blood vessels (only 1 skin cell thick!)
They deliver oxygen & nutrients and pick up waste materials from cells in tissues in every organ in the body
Trace the path of blood in the diagram with your finger, starting at one point and returning to it
KAP-ill-air-eez
Quiz time!
1. Name the circulatory system’s major job.
2. Name the 4 main chambers of the heart.
3. What do the valves in the heart do?
4. What system does the circulatory system work with so gas exchange can take place?
5. What are capillaries? What do they do?
Respiratory SystemResponsible for gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) so
the body’s cells can:gain the nutrients they needs get rid of the wastes they produce
Consists of the lungs & airwaysThe diaphragm can also be considered part of
this systemit’s a muscle that contracts when you breatheallows room for your lungs to expand so they can
take in airwhen you breathe in, your rib cage moves up & out,
causing pressure to build upthis causes air to be pulled into your body through
your nose or mouth
Use Your Nose!
The air your breathe in passes by epithelial cells in your nasal cavity cells have tiny, hair-like
projections called ciliathey also secrete mucus
Both cilia & mucus keep foreign particles like allergens, bacteria, and toxins out of your body
Pharynx Trachea Bronchi
Air moves from the throat (pharynx) to your windpipe (trachea)a small flap called the
epiglottis opens and closes so no food ends up in the trachea
From the trachea, the single pipe splits into two, called bronchieach bronchi goes to a
lung
Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
Bronchi then branch out into smaller tubes called bronchiolesbronchioles are woven into the lung tissue
Bronchioles divide into tiny sacs called alveoli
Capillaries surround the alveoliit is here that gas
exchange takes place
Alveoli
Tiny clusters of air sacs in the lunghave a very thin epithelial (skin)
layergases can cross, but bacteria and
other harmful substances cannot
O2 and CO2 are exchanged with blood (red blood cells) in the capillariesO2 diffuses from alveoli to blood
CO2 diffuses from blood to alveoli to be exhaled from the lungs
RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds O2 so that it can be carried through the body
Alveoli Mouth
When your diaphragm & chest muscles relax, you exhaleCO2 gathered by the alveoli
is expelled through the lungs by breathing out
When CO2 levels get too high, your breathing rate increases so CO2 can be expelled quicker
The Path of Gases into Your Body
Air outside body
Nose / Mouth
Throat (pharynx)
Windpipe (trachea)
Bronchi
Lungs (bronchioles)
Alveoli
Gas exchange
Review #2… yahoo!
1. Name 2 major organs of the respiratory system.
2. Why should you always breathe in through your nose?
3. What is the structure in the lung where gas exchange takes place? Name 2 gases that are exchanged here.
4. Why does your breathing rate increase when you’re exercising?
Systems Interactions
1. How are the circulatory & respiratory systems related?
2. Name the tiny structures in each system that work together so humans can get the nutrients they need to their cells to survive.
3. Are there machines that can do the job of the heart or lungs? If so, name or explain them.
Make a Set of Lungs
Refer to p. 66 of your textbook to make yourself a pair of lungs that mimic our lungs
Already done this activity in elementary school? Try the activity on p. 67make a scaled version of our digestive systems
using the measurements given to you in your textbook and the materials on the front bench