14 cfr part 61 certification of: pilots, flight instructors and ground instructors
TRANSCRIPT
14 CFR Part 61Certification of:
Pilots, Flight Instructors
and Ground Instructors
OBJECTIVE GIVEN THE FOLLOWING REVIEW,
YOU WILL BE ABLE TO
DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF
14 CFR PART 61 INCLUDING
CHANGES, RELATING TO PILOT
CERTIFICATION AND CURRENCY.
CURRENT
REGULATIONS
61.1 APPLICABILITY
Certificates, Ratings,
Authorizations, Privileges, and
Limitations–Pilot
–Flight Instructor
–Ground Instructor
Under Part 61 & Approved Courses
Certificates & Ratings
Medical Requirements
Knowledge Tests
Endorsements & Recommendations
Practical Test Regulations
Miscellaneous
Application ... On a Form and in a
Manner Acceptable ... (8710.1)
A Citizen/Resident Is Entitled ...
Upon Completing Training &
Certification Requirements.61.13(a)
CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, AND AUTHORIZATIONS
Appropriate Limitations Will Be Placed on
Certificates:
–Able To Meet All Other Certification
Requirements
–Physical Limitation in Medical Records
–Determination That Safety Is Not
Adversely Effected (Administrator--FSDO)
61.13(b)
CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, AND AUTHORIZATIONS
PILOT CERTIFICATES
Student Pilot Recreational Pilot Private Pilot Commercial Pilot Airline Transport Pilot
61.5(a)
Flight Instructor
Flying privileges are
NOT included.
61.5(a) & 61.193
Ground Instructor
Now In Part 61
Subpart I
61.5(a) & 61.215
What Is an
“Authorized Instructor”?
Authorized Instructor
Current Flight Instructor Certificate Under
Part 61
Valid Ground Instructor Certificate Under
Part 61
Authorized By Administrator (121, 135,
142, 61.41, SFAR 58 )-- May Only Make
Appropriate Training Endorsements
61.1(b)(2)
Flight Instructor Must Hold -
–Type Rating If Required for Aircraft
Five Hours PIC (Certificated) in -
–Multiengine
–Helicopter
–Powered-Lift
Authorized Instructor
61.195(e)&(f)
When Is a Pilot, Medical
Or Instructor Certificate
Required to Be in Ones
Physical Possession?
Certificates That Must Be in Physical
Possession, or Readily Accessible in the
Aircraft
Pilot and Medical Certificates
–To Act as PIC or Required Crewmember
Flight or Ground Instructor’s Certificate –When Giving Instruction
61.3
TEMPORARY CERTIFICATES
Point out that it is effective for no more than 120 days.
61.17
CERTIFICATES
Suspended Pilot, Flight Instructor,
or Ground Instructor Certificate:
–May Not Apply for Any Certificate,
Rating or Authorization During the
Suspension.
61.13(d)
Revoked Pilot, Flight Instructor or
Ground Instructor Certificate:
–May Not Apply for Any
Certificate, Rating or
Authorization for One Year After
Revocation.
CERTIFICATES
61.13(d)
CERTIFICATES
Offenses Involving Drugs
Denial of an Application for
Any Certificate, Rating or
Authorization for up to 1 Year
After Date of Final Conviction.
61.15(a)
CERTIFICATES
MOTOR VEHICLE ACTIONConviction Related to Motor Vehicle
Operation While Intoxicated, Impaired, or Under Influence
MUST Provide a Written Report to FAA Security Within 60 Days of the Action– Non-Compliance Is Grounds for
Suspension or Revocation 61.15(e)
61.5 RATINGS
Category, Class, Type & Instrument
How Many Category Ratings Exist?
What Are They?
CATEGORY RATINGSAirplane Rotorcraft
Glider
Lighter-than-air
Powered-lift
Powered Parachute...?
What Are The Class Ratings For
Airplane?
Rotorcraft?
Lighter-Than-Air?
Glider?
AIRPLANE CLASS RATINGS
Single Engine Land Multiengine Land Single Engine Sea Multiengine Sea
ROTORCRAFT CLASS RATINGS
Helicopter Gyrocopter
LIGHTER-THAN-AIR CLASS RATINGS
Airship Balloon
Gliders HaveNo Class
TYPE RATINGS
Required to Act As PIC of:
Large Aircraft (Except L-T-A)–Airplanes & Helicopters
Turbojet Powered Airplanes
Other Aircraft Specified
61.31(a)
CATEGORY, CLASS, & TYPE RATINGSRequired To:
Act or Serve As PIC for
Compensation or Hire, While
Carrying Another Person, or
During Operations for
Compensation or Hire.
61.31(c) & (d)(1)
Receiving Training While Under the Supervision of an Authorized Instructor
Solo Endorsement
61.31(d)(2)&(3)
CATEGORY, CLASS, & TYPE RATINGS
NOT REQUIRED TO SERVE AS PIC
When Taking a Practical
Test Given by an Examiner.
61.31(k)(2)(i)
CATEGORY, CLASS, TYPE RATING,
& ENDORSEMENTS FOR COMPLEX, HIGH
PERFORMANCE, TAIL-WHEEL, &
PRESSURIZED OPERATIONS TRAINING ARE
NOT REQUIRED
TO SERVE AS PIC
MEDICAL CERTIFICATES
61.23
What Class Medical Is Required
To Take an Airplane or Helicopter
Airline Transport Pilot
Practical Test?
At Least a 3rd Class Medical Is
Required Prior to Taking a Practical
Test for Pilot Certificates or Ratings
(Other Than Glider or Balloon)
–Applicant Qualification to be PIC
MEDICAL CERTIFICATES
61.23(3)(v) & 61.39(a)(4)
MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: REQUIREMENT
Medical Requirement Is Based on Privilege Exercised (Except Glider/Balloon)
First Class -- Airline Transport PilotSecond Class -- CommercialThird Class
–Student, Recreational, Private
–Instructor - While Required Crewmember
–Practical Test at All Pilot Certificate Levels (61.39(4)) 61.23(a)
MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: DURATION(Expires at the end of the Last Day of the
___th Month After Month of Examination)
First Class -- sixth month
Second Class -- 12th month
Third Class -- (Changed 9/16/96)
–36th Month, If Issued Before 40th
Birthday
–24th Month, If Issued on or After
40th Birthday61.23(c)
An Applicant Obtained a Third Class
Medical and Student Pilot Certificate
One Year Before Becoming 40 Years Old.
How Long Do These Certificates Remain
Valid When the Applicant Becomes
40 Years Old?
The Medical Certificate Is Still
Valid for Two More Years. Validity
Is Based Upon Age at Issuance.
The Student Pilot Certificate Is Only Valid
For One More Year. The Validity of
Student
Pilot Certificates Remains Unchanged at
24
Calendar Months. 61.19(b) & 61.23(c)
Is a Flight Instructor Required
to Hold A Medical To Give
Instruction and Receive
Compensation?
NO
However the Instructor CannotAct As a Required Crewmember.
This Prevents Instruction OfStudent Pilots or Instrument
Instruction When a View LimitingDevice Is Being Used.
61.23(b)(5)
Does the Requirement, “. . . To Certify
That There Are No Known Medical
Deficiencies. . .” Still Exist for
Applicants of Balloon
or Glider Ratings?
NO
§ 61.23(b)(1) & (2) Eliminate The Requirement.
Block W Need Not Be Completed
And Will Be Removed On The Revised Form.
However, § 61. 53 Prohibiting Operations
During Medical Deficiency Applies.
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
How Long Is a Knowledge Test Passing Score Validity?
Is There Any Exception?
A Passing Score Is Valid For 24 Calendar
Months - 61.39(a)(1).
No Exception, This Applies to All
Knowledge Tests.
However, an Expired Test Result Can Be
Used for an ATP Practical Test Under
Specific Circumstances.
Expired Knowledge Test Report May Be
Used By An ATP Applicant If:
Employed As Flight Crewmember by Part
121, 125, or 135 Certificate Holder
Accomplished Approved PIC
Qualification Program and Training
Appropriate to Certificate/Rating Sought
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
61.39(b)
A Knowledge Test Is Required for Adding ATP-Rotorcraft (Helicopter) to an ATP-Airplane
OR
Adding Airplane to an ATP-Rotorcraft.
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
61.165 (a)(2), (b)(2), (c)(2)
ADDITIONAL RATING AT OTHER THAN
AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LEVEL
Knowledge Test Not Required for
Addition of Category, Class, or Type
Rating
–Power to Power
–Power to Non Power
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
61.63 (b)(5), (c)(5), (d)(6)
An Applicant Is NOT Required to
Take A (Short) Knowledge Test to Add
Instrument to Another Category, If
the Person Already Holds an
Instrument Rating. SHORTTESTS
61.65(a)(7)
KNOWLEDGE TESTS
ENDORSEMENTS
Type SpecificPressurized
High Performance
Tail Wheel
Glider Operations
Complex
Student Solo, X/C, etc..
KNOWLEDGE TEST ENDORSEMENT
For Presentation at the Computer Test
Center
– Logbook Endorsement
– Certificate of Graduation
– Statement of Completion
Test Results Acceptable for Endorsement
Requirement by Examiners
§ 61.35 & AC 61.65D
What Are the Three Endorsements
That Are Generally Required by
§ 61.39 For Initial Practical Tests?
GENERAL ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT
Training Within the Preceding 60 Days
Knowledge Test Deficiency Review, When Appropriate
Prepared For Practical Test
§ 61.39(a)(6)
GENERAL ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT
Exceptions -- § 61.39(c):
ATP or Additional Rating to ATP
Type Rating
Holder of Foreign License of At Least The Privilege Sought
§ 61.39(a)(6)
What Two Solo Endorsements
Must Be Found for All
Recreational or
Private Pilot Applicants?
ENDORSEMENTSPRIVATE & RECREATIONAL PILOT
Solo Make/Model on Student
Certificate
Solo Make/Model Within 90 Days
Preceding Flight in Logbook
§ 61.87(l)
What Additional Solo
Endorsements Must Be Found
for Private Pilot Airplane
Or Rotorcraft Applicants?
ENDORSEMENTSPRIVATE PILOT
AIRPLANE / ROTORCRAFT
Solo X/C for Category on Student
Certificate - § 61.93(c)(1)
Solo X/C for Make/Model in Logbook
- § 61.93(c)(2)(i)
Each Solo X/C - Make/Model in
Logbook - § 61.93(c)(2)(ii)
TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)
61.31(e)
TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)
Complex Airplane - Regulatory Term
-Flaps
-Controllable Pitch Propeller
-Retractable Landing Gear
A Complex Seaplane
-Flaps
-Controllable Propeller
61.31(e)
TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)
High-Performance Airplane - “An Engine”
of More Than 200 Hp
Some Light-Twins May Be Complex, But
Not High Performance
Turbine Powered Aircraft Are High-
Performance - But Are NotNot Complex !Complex !
61.31(f)
Pressurized Aircraft With Either
Service Ceiling or Max Operating
Altitude Above 25,000 Feet MSL. (4/15/91)
“Type Specific Training” Required by
Aircraft Type Certificate (e.g.,., R-22)
61.31(g),(h)
TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)
Tailwheel Airplanes (4/15/91)
Logbook Training Endorsements
for “Ground Tow”, “Aero Tow”
and “Self Launch” Replace
Limitations Shown on Certificates
61.31(i),(j)
TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS(TO ACT AS PIC)
RETESTING AFTER FAILURE
61.49
RETESTING AFTER FAILURE
No 30 - Day Delay for Retesting
Required Endorsement:
–Received the Necessary Training From an Authorized Instructor ...
–Is Determined to Be Proficient to Pass the Test
30 DAYDELAY
61.49
RECOMMENDATION
PREPARED & READY
To Be Eligible for a Practical Test -
–Instructor’s Signature on the 8710-1
Application --The “Form and Manner
Acceptable”. This Is Required in Addition to the Logbook
Endorsement That the Applicant Is PREPARED for the Required Practical Test
RECOMMENDATION
61.39(a)(6)(ii) & 61.13
EXCEPTION:
An Instructor’s Recommendation Is NOT
Required for the INITIAL Practical Test
for an ATP Certificate or a Type Ratings.
RECOMMENDATION
61.39(c)(2) & (3)
Practical Test Regulations
STATUS OF EXAMINER
Represents Administrator to
Observe Applicant’s Performance
NOT The Pilot-in-Command Except
by Prior Agreement (Such
Agreement Is Not Recommended)
61.47
ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS
ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS
61.65, 61.75, 61.83, 61.96, 61.103, 61.123, 61.153
Read, Speak, WRITE, and Understand
English
Inability Due to Medical Condition
Operating Limitations on Certificate
• Required Knowledge Test
• Required Training & Experience
• At Least 3rd Class Medical (If Required)
• Prescribed Age
• Required Endorsements
• Completed & Signed Application
61.39 PREREQUISITES FOR PRACTICAL TEST
PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES
(1) Areas of Operation & Tasks Safely
and Within Approved Standards
(2) Mastery of the Aircraft -- Never
Seriously in Doubt
(3) Proficiency & Competency
(4) Sound Judgment
(5) Single-pilot Competence 61.43
Fail Any Area of Operation (Task) = Failure of
Practical Test
Examiner or Applicant May Discontinue Test --
Failure, Weather, Airworthiness or Safety
–60 Day Credit For Passed Areas of Operations
PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES
61.43
PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES
WHEN SHOULD THE EXAMINER NOTIFY AN APPLICANT OF
UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE?
PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES
IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE UNSATISFACTORILY
PERFORMANCE HAS BEEN DETERMINED.
REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT
No Limitations Prohibiting Tasks
Adequate Visibility for Safetyand Evaluation
Required Equipment
APPLICANT’S RESPONSIBILITY
Two Pilot Stations
61.45
61.45(b)(2) PRACTICAL TESTS: REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
The Limitations “Center Thrust” or
Specific Make and Model
–Authorized If An Applicant Provides an
Aircraft With Operating Characteristics
That Preclude Performance of All Tasks
Required for the Practical Test
REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT
Controls - Power and Flight Operable in
Conventional Manner
Visual Limiting Device
Single Controls - - From the Ground or Another Aircraft. Examiner Discretion and FSDO Concurrence (Letter)
61.45
ADDITIONAL CATEGORY(OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE)
Same Training, Experience,
Endorsements, and Testing*
Requirements As Those for Initial
Issuance
(Knowledge Test Exception)
61.63(b)
Need NOT Meet the Training
Requirements Listed for Initial
Certificate Issuance (61.109 & 61.129)
Knowledge Test Exception
ADDITIONAL CLASS RATINGS(OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE)
61. 63(c)(4)&(5)
Instrument Rating -- Hold, or Concurrently Obtain -- in Category, Class, & Type
AND
Demonstrate Instrument Competency During the Practical Test.
“VFR ONLY” Limitation Is Allowed Only For Aircraft’s Inability to Perform IFR Due to Type Certificate or Equipment
61.63(d) & (h)
ADDITIONAL TYPE RATINGS(OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE)
61.49(B) Flight Instructor
- - If Failure Was Related
To Stall Awareness, Spin Entry,
Spins, or Spin Recovery
MUST Demonstrate SPINS
SPINABLE AIRCRAFT
Training Time
61.1(b)(15) 61.51
Training Time
–Authorized Instructor
–In Flight or Simulator / Training Device,
or Ground Training
–Logbook Endorsed in a Legible Manner
–Description and Length, Signature,
Certificate Number, and Expiration
Date 61.1(b)(15) 61.51
Flight SimulatorFull Size Cockpit Replica of Specific
Type, Make, Model, SeriesMotion & Visual
Flight Training DeviceFull Size Cockpit or Flight Deck
Replica of set of aircraft
61.1(b)(5)&(7)
QUALIFICATION & APPROVAL OF FLIGHT SIMULATOR / TRAINING DEVICE
Each Must Be Qualified & Approved by the
Administrator
Any Device Approved Prior to Aug. 1, 1996
For Training, Testing, or Checking May
Continue to Be Used Provided
–Functions As Originally Designed
–Limited to / Used for the Same Purposes
61.4
14 CFR SECTION 61.4C
THE ADMINISTRATOR MAY
APPROVE A DEVICE OTHER
THAN A FLIGHT SIMULATOR
OR FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE
FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
AFS-800ASEL - JEPPESEN SANDERSON
ASEL & AMEL - AVIATION
TEACHWARE TECHNOLOGIES
ASEL & AMEL - PRECISION FLIGHT
CONTROL
ASEL & AMEL - AVIATION SUPPLY
AND ACADEMICS
AC 61-126ACCEPTABLE USE OF PCATD
PART 61
PART 141
**10 HOURS
CROSS COUNTRY
General: Certificated Pilot, - In
Aircraft, Landing(s) - Use Navigation
Minimum Distance For Aeronautical
Experience Requirements 50nm in Airplane & Power Lift
25nm in Rotorcraft
61.1(b)(3)
For Private, Commercial, Instrument, or
Recreational Privileges. At Least One Landing Beyond- (50 Nm
Airplane or 25 NM Rotorcraft)
61.1(b)(3)
CROSS-COUNTRY
AA
BB
CC
30 NM 21 NM
51 NM
CROSS-COUNTRY
Eligibility for Airline Transport Pilot Landing Not Required (Except rotorcraft)
Flight beyond - (50/25) - Radius Required
(“Short” X/Cs Logged Before 8/4/97 Are Grandfathered)
A51 nm
MISCELLANEOUS
61.51 PILOT LOGBOOKS
Acceptable to the Administrator
Student May Log Pilot-In-Command When:
–Sole Occupant
–Has Solo Flight Endorsement
–Training or Experience for a Pilot Certificate or Aircraft Rating
61.57 RECENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE: IFR
Within Preceding 6 Calendar Months:
6 Approaches
Holding Procedures
Intercepting & Tracking Courses Using
Navigation Systems
TYPE RATINGS ELEVATED TO ATP CERTIFICATE
Type Ratings From Private or
Commercial Certificate ==> ATPSame Category and ClassVFR Limitation Carries Forward
61.157(d)
61.75 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON BASIS OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE
61.75 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON BASIS OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE
U.S. Restricted Private Pilot Certificates
ONLY. By FSDO Only
RestrictedCommercial
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
FOUR METHODS:
Practical test
Present Records of Training
Present Records Regarding Position
Flight Instructor Refresher Clinic
Practical Test
For One of Ratings Held
For Additional Flight
Instructor Rating
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
Record of Training at Least 5 Students
in Preceding 24 Calendar Months
At Least 80 % Successful on First
Attempt
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
Present Records (Preceding 24 months) of:
Company Check Pilot, Chief Flight Instructor, or Instructor / Evaluator in 121 or 135 Operation
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
FIRC Graduation Certificate
Within Preceding 3 Calendar
Months
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
Expiration Month Shall Be 24 Calendar Months From The Month Within Which: Check Ride Is Taken Records or Graduation
Certificate Are Presented
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
OR
Expiration Month Shall Be 24
Calendar Months Beyond the
Expiration Shown - (Same Month)
--- Provided the Renewal Action Is
Within Three Calendar Months
Preceding the Month of Expiration
61.197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES
CURRENT REGULATIONS?
RON TAKES ONE MORE SHOT
FUTURE QUESTIONS
CHECK THE FAQ’S ATAFS 600 WEB PAGE
CONSULT YOUR FSDO
ALLAN PINKSTON(405) 954-6472
JOHN LYNCH(202) 267-3844
IT’S TIME TO RETIRE