13th kassel symposium energy systems technology – … · 1 08-2008 e t ps sl/re power...

1 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re1 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re08-2008

13th Kassel Symposium Energy Systems Technology – Power Converters in Grids, September 18-19, 2008, ISET Kassel, Germany

Dietmar Retzmann

FACTS Technologies – Basics and Applications

FACTS Technologien – Prinzipen und Anwendungen

Energy Sector

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Gon Power Markets

2 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS MT/Re

lobal Trends

08-2008


Electrical Energy is the Backbone of our Society …

… today and in Future

3 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re08-2008


Greenland Melt-Down has accelerated –

Sea-Level Rise from Ice-Melting and thermal Expansion: 1961-2003: +18 +/-5 cm per 100 Years 1993-2003: +31 +/-8 cm per 100 Years

Source: Gregory et al., Nature (2004)

Possible Maximum Value as Worst-CaseBusiness-As-Usual Scenario

Source: "An End to Global Warming“, L.O. Williams,Elsevier 2002

Accelerated Greenland Melt-Down North of Germany after Sea-Level Rise by 100 m

Pictures of the Future ?

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ecurity

ask 1

of Power Supply08-2008


Power System Enhancement

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Security of Power Supply

and Blackout Prevention


Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”

System Enhancement necessary !

Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”

The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows

Problems only in thesynchronously interconnected Systems

* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

*

If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout

PTD7777

E T PS MT/Re

08-2008


Elimination of Bottlenecks in Transmission –Prevention of Overloads and Outages

Load Displacement by Series Compensation

Load Management by HVDC

Short-Circuit Current Limitation for connecting new Power Plants

SVC & HVDC for Voltage Collapse Prevention

8888

E T PS SL/Re

08-2008 * PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

*

The FACTS & HVDC “Application Guide”


Power Transmission – The basic Equation

VV11 VV22

VV11 VV22

Parallel Compensation

XX

XX

Series Compensation

sin (sin (δ 1 - δ 2)

Power-Flow Control

PP

PP ==

G ~ G ~

,, δ 2,, δ 1

Power Transmission DivisionPower Transmission Division99

E T PS SL/Re

08-2008 E T PS SL/Re08-2008

FACTS

HVDC

Each of these Parameters can be used for Load-Flow Control and Power Oscillation Damping

10 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re10 08-2008 E T PS SL/Re

Use ofUse of

FACTSFACTSfor for SystemSystemEnhancementEnhancement

Power Transmission Division

Flexible AC Transmission Systems


Voltage Control

Parallel Compensation

Power-Flow Control

P P

Section of a Transmission Line

C >C >VV

VV

Series Compensation

C <C <

L L >>~ 1/X1/X

L L <<

XX

Tasks of Reactive Power Compensation


VL

V1V2

δ

PPVV11

XXG ~ G ~

,, δ1II

VV22,, δ2

where VV11 = VV22 , δ = δ1 - δ2

V V 22

XXPP == sinsin δ

VC

without Compensation

-- XXCC

Series Compensation

BenefitsReduction in Transmission AngleIncrease in Transmission Capacity

XXCC

1st Step: Influence of Series Compensation

V1 V2

δ

with Compensation


FACTS – Application of Series Compensation

TCSCTCSC//TPSCTPSC FSCFSCα

~ ~

Increase in Transmission Capacity

Fixed Series Compensation:

Damping of Power OscillationsLoad-Flow ControlMitigation of SSR

Controlled Series Compensation:


230 kV - 300 km

V1

Grid

with SVC

a) b) c) d)1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

V2

V2N

The maximal Voltage ControlRange depends on:

a) Heavy Load

b) Light Load

c) Outage of 1 Line(at full Load)

d) Load Rejectionat Bus 2

System Conditions:

SVC

V2

Load

(var. Slope)

QSVC/SCP *

without SVC

* SCP = Short-Circuit Power (System MVA)

2nd Step: Improvement in Voltage Profile with SVC

15 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re15 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re

Option:Option: 12-Pulse TCRwith Trans. Y/y/dplus TSC & Filteron each sec. Side

TCR, FC TSR, TSCTCR, TSC, FC

Thyristor ControlledReactor

Thyristor Switched Capacitor

TSC:

TCR:

TSR:Thyristor Switched Reactor

FC:Fixed Capacitor /Filter

SVC Configurations

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ask 2

of Power Supply08-2008

ustainability


SVC Radsted DK – makes Wind Power feasible …

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… by providing Voltage Support –

More Wind Power – less CO2 Emissions

for the “fuzzy” Wind Farms2006installed in a very weak AC System

08-2008


Benefits of SVC Radsted – Denmark

Power Transmission Division18

174,000 tons p.a. – by using Wind Power … and SVC for Voltage Support

Reduction in CO2

E T PS MT/Re

and even more – in Future

08-2008


SVC Siems – the 1st HV SVC in Germany

2004The Problem: no Right-of-Way for 400 kV ACGrid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC – only 110 kV

HVDC: Power Reduction from 600 MW to 450 MW

The Solution

HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation

HVDC: Power Increase – from 450 MW to 600 MW

634,000 tons p.a.

Reduction in CO2:

More Hydro Power fromNORDEL to Germany


Flexible AC Transmission Systems

20 E T PS SL/Re08-2008

FACTSFACTSPower Quality

in High-Voltage

AC Systems

Power Transmission Division


FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Support of Power FlowSVC – Static Var Compensator* (The Standard of Shunt Compensation)SVC PLUS (= STATCOM – Static Synchr. Compensator, with VSC) FSC – Fixed Series Compensation TCSC – Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation*TPSC – Thyristor Protected Series Compensation**GPFC – Grid Power Flow Controller* (FACTS-B2B)UPFC – Unified Power Flow Controller (with VSC)

TCSC/TPSC

FSC

ACAC

/ TPSC

/ STATCOMSVC

ACAC

Advanced Power Transmission Systems

GPFC/UPFC

AC AC

/ UPFC

* with LT Thyristors** with special High

Power LT Thyristors

and SCCL **for Short-Circuit Current Limitation

LTT = Light-Triggered Thyristor


Application of SVC – Pelham, UK

Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stability

400 kV, 50 Hz

Voltage Control Reactive Power ControlPower Oscillation DampingUnbalance Control (Option)

19912 parallel SVCs


Features:o Coordinated Voltage Control &o Damping of Power Oscillations

2 SVCs Mead-Adelanto – USA, 1995

HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation

2323

E T PS SL/Re

08-2008

Benefits:

Increase in Transmission Capacity

Improvement in System Stability

Support of existing HVDC


SVC Bom Jesus da Lapa, Enelpower, Brazil500 kV, +/-250 MVAr

Valves & Control

Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stabilityo Avoidance of Outages

– Containerized Solution

2002


SVC Radsted – an innovative indoor Solution *

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HVDC Storebælt

Customer:SEAS-NVE Holding A/S

System Data:Rating 80 MVAr cap.

65 MVAr ind.Voltage 132 kVConfiguration TCR + FC

12-Pulse

* Extremely high Requirements for Noise Abatement

SVC Radsted

08-2008


Outdoor: Only Switchgear

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& Cooling Systems

08-2008


TCR Reactors, Thyristor Valve & Filters

Power Transmission and Distribution27 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re27 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re


SVC Devers, Southern California Edison, USA, 500 kV: 110 MVAr ind. / 330 MVAr cap. – 440 MVAr cap. 1 hr

2006

Guaranteed Availability: 99,6 %2 x TCR, 2 x TSC, 2 x FC & MSC


Powerlink – Australia, Refurbishment of 10 SVCs for Voltage Support in a Traction Supply Network

2007

9 SVCs with Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution1 SVC with Standard Refurbishment Solution

Railway Line

275 kV AC Line132 kV AC Line

Siemens is an Expert in Refurbishment of Valves & Controls


9 QR SVCs – using the Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution

A unique Solution – for very fast Re-Energization of the existing SVC Components (Transformers, Reactors, Capacitors, Filters etc.


After 48 hrs – Step 1 finished and all SVC Functions available

Work is done –and the SVC operates properly

Step 2:

4 Weeks for full Refurbishment of Valves, Controls & Protection in the SVC Building

Step 3:

48 hrs for Disconnection of SVC Container and Energization of the fully refurbished QR SVC

Container ready fornext QR SVC Plant

Excellent Workof a great Team


The containerized SVC PLUS Solution


2009 - 2011

Source: UCTE Interim Report 10-27-2003Rating: 25 MVAr, 35 MVAr – or 50 MVAr

Seven Projects:

Dynamic Voltage Support

33 08-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/RePoste Montagnais, Canada – FSC

1993

FACTS – at EHV 735 kV plus harsh Environment

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- 50 o C


* 25 US $/MWh x 1400 MW x 24 hrs

1999

500 kV TCSC Serra da Mesa, Furnas/Brazil –Essential for Transmission

Benefits:50 – 70 % Increase inTransmission CapacitySystem Stability Improvement

Up to 500 Stability Operations per Dayfor saving the System Stability

Up to 1 m US $ Cost Savings per Day *

Application of

Return on Investmentswithin a few Weeks only !

new Technologies:

> + 60 o C

up to 85 o


FSC Fengjie, China: 500 kV



Tala TCSC Project:Bulk Hydro Power from Bhutan to Delhi Area

Safe andClean Energy for Mega-cities

2 x FSCs: Increase in Transmission Capacity2 x TCSCs: Power Oscillation Damping

475 km

Hydro Power from Purnea to Delhi Area

World’s Biggest FACTS Project forSeries Compensation

2 x 1.7 GVAr !

2006


SeriesFSC

NGH

TPSC

TCSC

2, 2 Tian Guang 2003Kayenta 1992

Serra de Mesa 1999

Imperatriz 1999

Fortaleza 1986••

•

•

Samambaia 2002

•

Virginia Smith 1988

•Welsh 1995

•

Acaray 1981

•••Dürnrohr 1983

Etzenricht 1993Wien Südost 1993

•

Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002

•

Limpio 2003

•

Ibiuna 2002

••

Jacinto 2000

Funil 2001

2 Pelham, 2 Harker & 2 Central, 1991-1994

•

Clapham 1995,Refurbishment

•

Atacama 1999

•

P. Dutra 1997

•Cerro Gordo 1999

•Chinú 1998

•Impala

•2 Adelanto 1995

•

•3 Montagnais 1993

•

2 Kemps Creek 1989

•Brushy Hill 1988

•

•

Campina Grande 2000

2 Zem Zem 1983

•

••

•

•

Rejsby Hede 1997

•Sullivan 1995

•Paul Sweet 1998

•

Inez 1998

•

2 Marcy 2001-2003

Military Highway 2000

•Kanjin (Korea) 2002

•

Lugo 1985

Laredo 2000

•

Spring Valley 1986

••IllovoAthene•

Muldersvlei 1997

•

2 Tecali 20023 Juile 2002

•Barberton 2003

•

Maputo 2003

Milagres 1988

• 2 Yangcheng 2000

•2 Hechi 2003

•

•

Eddy County 1992

2 Dominion 2003

2 Cuddapah 20032 Gooty 2003

•

2 Midway 2004

Seguin 1998•

1994-1995

Porter 2006Dayton 2006

Nine Mile 2005

ParallelSVC

MSC/R

.

.Moyle MSC 2003Willington 1997

2 Hoya Morena &Jijona 2004

Baish 2005Samitah 2006 .

K.I. North 2004

Kapal 1994

Ghusais,Hamria,Mankhool, Satwa

1997

.

Siems 2004

Cano Limón 1997

•

•••

••• Châteauguay 1984

Ahafo 2006•

•

2 Lucknow 2006

•

3 Puti 2005

• Shinyanga 2006 Iringa 2006

3, 2 El Dorado2006

•

•

• 2 Sabah 2006

Nebo 2007, Refurbishment

Devers 2006

2 Benejama &Saladas 2006

La Pila 1999

•

•• •• ••

Jember 1994

•Nopala 2007

•

•

Sa o Luis 2007

Sinop 2007

2 Fengjie 2006•

Status: 08-2008

••

Strathmore 2007

2 x 1.7 GVAr !

… and over 120 Industry SVCs all over the World

5 North-South III, Lot B 2007

•

••

••

Siemens FACTS & HVDC - worldwide

E T PS SL/Re

37

In total: over 180 SVCs

••

•

2 Greenbank & Southpine 2008

Trans Bay Cable2010

•

Alligator Creek 2009

9 Powerlink 2007, Refurbishment

•

Buzwagi 2007Dodoma 2008

Lamar 2005

Radsted 20062 Bellaire & Crosby 2008 2 Thannet, 3 Greater Gabbard 2009-2011

SVC PLUS

20062, 2 Purnea2, 2 Gorakhpur

Islington, 20092 Kikiwa &

STATCOMFlicker STATCOM

Load FlowB2B/GPFC

HVDC PLUS

UPFCCSC

19 x VSC

Plus 24 Projects for HVDC Long-Distance Transmission …8 alone between 2000 &2005 on 4 Continents

3 Vincent 2000

•

Lakehead 2009


Lessons learned:FACTS and HVDC areessential for Transmission

38 E T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Division08-2008

Conclusions

13th kassel symposium energy systems technology – … · 1 08-2008 e t ps sl/re power...

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