130220 edanz sut presentation 3
TRANSCRIPT
How to organize and structure your manuscript for
publication
Sharif University of Technology
Warren Raye, PhD
Senior Editor
Edanz Group
20 February 2013
Manuscript structure
You need to tell a story
Beginning ���� Middle ���� End
• Must be easy to read and easy to understand
Manuscript structure
‘Tell them three times’
• Beginning
– Assertion
– ‘tell them what you are going to tell them,’
• Middle
– Evidence
– ‘tell them,’
• End
– Affirmation
– ‘tell them again what you told them’.
Manuscript structure
IMRaD
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• and
• Discussion
Assertion
Evidence
Affirmation
Manuscript structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Methods
Results
The ‘write’ order
• For maximum clarity and consistency:
After selecting target journal
During your research
Write last
AbstractsWho’s hungry?
First impressions can
make a difference
First impressions can
make a difference
AbstractsFirst impressions count
Your abstract
Importance of
your results
Validity of
conclusions
Relevance of
your aims
Judge your
writing style
Likely the only part
that will be read
AbstractsGeneral guide
• Concise
– Aim for less than 250 words
• Problem(s) addressed (10%)
• Objectives/hypotheses (20%)
• Techniques (10%)
• Most important results (40%)
• Concluding statement (20%)
AbstractsSample abstract
Seo et al. Biomaterials 2012, 34:1764‒1771.
Securing robust cell adhesion between cells and biomaterials is one of key considerations
for tissue engineering. However, the cell adhesion investigation by the biophysical effects
such as topography or rigidity of substrates has only been recently reported. In this study,
we examined the spatial property of focal adhesions by changing the height of
micropatterns in two kinds of microtopography (grid and post) and the stiffness of the
substrates. We found that the focal adhesion localization is highly regulated by
topographical variation (height) of gird micropattens but not the rigidity of substrates or
the function of actin cytoskeleton, although the latters strongly influence the focal adhesion
size or area. In detail, the change of the height of the grid micropatterns results in the
switching of focal adhesion sites; as the height increases, the localization of focal adhesion
is switched from top to bottom areas. This study demonstrates that the localization of focal
adhesion on well-defined micropatterned substrates is critically determined by the
topographical variation in the micropatterns.
The switching of focal adhesion maturation sites and actin filament activation
for MSCs by topography of well-defined micropatterned surfaces
AbstractsSample abstract
Securing robust cell adhesion between cells and biomaterials is one of key considerations
for tissue engineering. However, the cell adhesion investigation by the biophysical effects
such as topography or rigidity of substrates has only been recently reported.BackgroundBackground
AbstractsSample abstract
In this study, we examined the spatial property of focal adhesions by changing the height of
micropatterns in two kinds of microtopography (grid and post) and the stiffness of the
substrates.
Securing robust cell adhesion between cells and biomaterials is one of key considerations
for tissue engineering. However, the cell adhesion investigation by the biophysical effects
such as topography or rigidity of substrates has only been recently reported.BackgroundBackground
Aims/MethodsAims/Methods
AbstractsSample abstract
In this study, we examined the spatial property of focal adhesions by changing the height of
micropatterns in two kinds of microtopography (grid and post) and the stiffness of the
substrates.
We found that the focal adhesion localization is highly regulated by topographical variation
(height) of gird micropattens but not the rigidity of substrates or the function of actin
cytoskeleton, although the latters strongly influence the focal adhesion size or area. In
detail, the change of the height of the grid micropatterns results in the switching of focal
adhesion sites; as the height increases, the localization of focal adhesion is switched from
top to bottom areas.
Securing robust cell adhesion between cells and biomaterials is one of key considerations
for tissue engineering. However, the cell adhesion investigation by the biophysical effects
such as topography or rigidity of substrates has only been recently reported.BackgroundBackground
Aims/MethodsAims/Methods
Important
results
Important
results
AbstractsSample abstract
In this study, we examined the spatial property of focal adhesions by changing the height of
micropatterns in two kinds of microtopography (grid and post) and the stiffness of the
substrates.
We found that the focal adhesion localization is highly regulated by topographical variation
(height) of gird micropattens but not the rigidity of substrates or the function of actin
cytoskeleton, although the latters strongly influence the focal adhesion size or area. In
detail, the change of the height of the grid micropatterns results in the switching of focal
adhesion sites; as the height increases, the localization of focal adhesion is switched from
top to bottom areas.
Securing robust cell adhesion between cells and biomaterials is one of key considerations
for tissue engineering. However, the cell adhesion investigation by the biophysical effects
such as topography or rigidity of substrates has only been recently reported.
This study demonstrates that the localization of focal adhesion on well-defined
micropatterned substrates is critically determined by the topographical variation in the
micropatterns.
BackgroundBackground
Aims/MethodsAims/Methods
Important
results
Important
results
ConclusionConclusion
Abstracts
ReferencesReferences AbbreviationsAbbreviations
Jargon/slangJargon/slangNon-essential
numbers & statistics
Non-essential
numbers & statistics
General rules
Do not
include …
Do not
include …
AbstractsStandard abstracts
Collagen type IV-specific tripeptides for selective
adhesion of endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Kanie et al. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012, 109:1808‒1816
AbstractsGraphical abstracts
Introductions
Guide your reader
What problem was studied?
The answer to this question should be in
your Introduction
Beginning ���� Middle ���� End
Introductions
Provide context
General
Specific
Objectives
Introductions
Beginning
• Sufficient background information
• Comprehensive literature review
• Cite previous publications
– Review articles
– Original articles
• What is the problem?
Introductions
Middle
• Rationale
– The reason(s) for doing this work?
– Why is it important the problem is addressed?
• Explain how you addressed the problem
• Do not state your results
• General statement regarding methods
Introductions
End
• Clearly and explicitly state the specific aim(s)
of your study
Customer ServiceMethodsMethods
• Subheadings
• Order should be logical
• New methods must be described in sufficient
detail, so that they can be reproduced
• Established methods can be referenced
– Save yourself time and effort
Coverage and
Staffing PlanResults Your findings must be
clear
• Past tense to describe your results
• Do not explain the results
• Avoid duplicating data among figures,
tables and text
Coverage and
Staffing PlanResults
Display items
• Present data quickly and efficiently
• Keep it simple—use separate panels if necessary
– Related data in panels
• Label all parts of your figures
• Legends must be able to ‘stand alone’
Coverage and
Staffing PlanResults
)
Abbreviations
defined
Clear concise legend/caption
Data
formatted
for clarity
Tables
Coverage and
Staffing PlanResults
Figures
Clear, ‘stand
alone’ legend
… shows silver staining of two representative glomeruli in
biopsy specimens from patients. In Patient 4 (left),
mesangiolysis (single arrow), prominent endothelial swelling
(arrowhead), red-cell fragments (double arrows), and
thrombi are visible in some capillary loops …
Eremina et al. NEJM 2008, 358:1129–1136
Separate
panels
Clear
indicators
Customer ServiceDiscussions
What do your findings mean?
The answer to this question should be in
your Discussion
Beginning ���� Middle ���� End
The explanation
Customer ServiceDiscussionsBeginning
• Avoid just restating results
• Answer the research question(s) posed
• Emphasize the major finding(s) first
• State your major conclusion
– Based on results presented
Customer ServiceDiscussionsMiddle
• Interpret your results
– Compare with other studies
• Same or different?
• Explain unexpected results
• Describe limitations
– How could experiments be improved?
Customer ServiceDiscussionsEnd
• Restate major conclusion(s)
– In summary … or In conclusion …
• Possible applications and implications
• Suggest future work
“Clinical and research priorities include furthering our understanding of thepathogenesis of M. pneumoniae-associated CNS disease, development ofmore reliable serologic assays, and defining the role of quantitative PCR indistinguishing acute infection from asymptomatic carriage and prolongedpost-infection shedding”
Bitun & Richardson Curr Infect Dis Rep 2010, 12:282–290
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