13 ship outfitting

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    13 SHIP OUTFITTING

    13.1 AIMS OF THE LECTURE

    a) To explore the ships typical outfits. b) To examine various methods in carrying out ship outfitting

    13.2 SHIP OUTFITS

    a) What is ship outfit Ship outfit is a set of machinery and/or equipment of a ship that comprises particular function of the ship. Ship outfits cover a wide range of items depended on the type, size, and mission of the ship. In general ships outfits can be categorised into five groups which include:

    Ship operation outfits, Cargo handling outfits, Safety and environmental control related outfits, Ship control system outfits. Ship accommodation outfits

    b) Ship operation outfits Ship operational outfits are machinery and equipment that related to the operation of the ship, they are the most complex ship system, and involve high number of items.

    Propulsion system outfits

    These are the outfits that support the operation of the propulsion system, which include: propeller, propeller shaft, gear box, shaft and propeller lubrication system, etc.

    Figure 13.1 Ship propulsion system

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    Manoeuvring system outfits

    Manoeuvring system outfits are the machineries and equipment that control the handling system of the ship such as: rudder, steering gear, steering gear hydraulic and piping system, stabiliser, steering gear and rudder control system, etc.

    Main engine system outfits

    These are the outfits that support the operation of the main engine such as: heat exchanger, fresh and sea water pumps, fuel oil pump, lubrication pump, fuel daily tank, all the related piping system, main engine control and monitoring system, etc.

    Figure 13.2 Ship maneuvering system

    Figure 13.3 Main engine system

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    Electrical and electronics system outfits

    The electrical system outfits cover wide range of items from electric generation engines and machineries, electrical load and distribution control equipment, electrical and electronic cables, navigation and communication devices etc.

    Figure 13.5 Electric control panel

    Figure 13.4 Electric generator engine

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    Mooring and anchoring system outfits

    Mooring and anchoring system outfits are machinery and equipment that are used for mooring and anchoring the ship. They include: winch and windlass, bollard, fairlead, and all related equipment.

    Ship tanks outfits

    There is much type of tanks in the ship and each of them is dedicated for a particular purpose such as Water ballast tank, fresh water tank, fuel oil tank, etc., typical outfits related to these tanks are: various functional pipes and pumps, tank cleaning system, etc.

    For oil tanker the pipe outfits would also include cargo piping system which will be covered in cargo handling outfits section.

    Figure 13.6 Bollard Figure 13.7 Fairlead

    Figure 13.8 Tank pipes

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    c) Cargo handling outfits

    Cargo handling outfits are the equipment and machineries used for cargo handling, cargo securing, and cargo protection, and very much depended on the type of ship, these may include: cargo cranes, hatch cover and its system, cargo stacking devices, cargo pumps, cargo piping system, conveyor, inert gas installation, tank monitoring system etc.

    Figure 13.9 Hatch cover

    Figure 13.10 Tank monitoring system

  • d) Safety and environmental control

    Safety and environmental control related outfits are the equipment that mainly required by statutory rules and regulationscontrol purposes, therefore theregulations. This equipment would include:

    Davits and life boats Life rafts stands and launcher Life buoy hangers Life jacket lockers Fire fighting system Smoke and fire detecting system Oily water separator Bilge pipes and pumps

    Figure 13.12 Heat detector

    and environmental control related outfits

    Safety and environmental control related outfits are the equipment that mainly required by statutory rules and regulations for the safety of human and the ship,

    therefore their number, capacity, and locations should be equipment would include:

    Life rafts stands and launcher

    detecting system

    pumps

    Figure 13.11 Deck cargo crane

    Heat detector Figure 13.13 Smoke detector

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    Safety and environmental control related outfits are the equipment that mainly required by and environmental

    number, capacity, and locations should be referred to the

    Smoke detector

  • Figure 13.Figure 13.14 Davit, lifeboat, and liferaft

    Figure 13.15 CO2 Fire fighting system

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    e) Ship control outfits

    Ship control outfits are the equipment used for controlling and monitoring various functional systems in the ship, which include: Engine control system, bridge control system, electrical distribution system, cargo loading monitoring etc. Many of these outfits are electric and electronic operated devices.

    Figure 13.16 Oily water separator

    Figure 13.17 Engine control system

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    f) Ship accommodation outfits

    Accommodation outfits are the equipment used for various functions in the accommodation spaces, which would include:

    Galley outfits Cabin outfits Mess room and lounge outfits Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning outfits

    Figure 13.18 Bridge control system

    Figure 13.19 Ship accommodation

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    Figure 13.20 Galley

    Figure 13.21 Mess room

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    Figure 13.22 Ventilation ducting

    Figure 13.23 Insulation

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    13.3 SHIP OUTFITTING METHODS

    In shipbuilding outfitting can be defined as the process of installing non-structural components, such as machinery, equipment, pipes, cables, ducts etc. That can run through several compartments.

    Processes associated with outfitting include painting, plumbing and electrical installation, installation of engines and boilers, completion of super structure and deck equipment and rigging, etc.

    Traditionally outfitting planning is carried out manually by experts with extensive experience, and the outfitting tasks are undertaken after the most of the structural works have been accomplished on the building berth.

    In the modern shipyards in order to increase productivity and to obtain better product quality, there is a tendency to undertake the outfitting works as much as possible in the shop rather than on the berth or after the ship being launched.

    With the advancement of computer programming the outfitting arrangement tasks can be done largely with the help of computer software, which is not only being used for planning and evaluating but also can simulate the plan for analysing and optimising purposes.

    In general ship outfitting can be categorised into two main stages i.e. pre-launch and post-launch outfitting.

    a) Pre and post launch outfitting Pre-launch outfitting is the process of ship outfitting which is carried out prior of the launching of the ship either in the workshop or on the building berth or dock, which are known as one-block outfitting, and on-berth outfitting. While post-launch outfitting is the process of ship outfitting conducted after the ship has been launched which is known as on-board outfitting. On-board outfitting is carried out on the outfitting quay.

    b) On-block outfitting On-block outfitting is the stage of construction where most of the outfitting material is installed onto the blocks. Outfitting materials installed on block consist of ventilation systems, piping systems, doors, lights, ladders, railings, electrical assemblies and so on. Many modules are also installed at the on-block stage. Throughout the on-block outfitting stage, the block can be lifted, rotated and moved to efficiently facilitate installing outfitting materials on the ceilings, walls and floors. All of the shops and services in the shipyard must be in communication at the on-block stage to ensure that materials are installed at the right time and place.

    There are three approaches in conjunction with on-block outfitting i.e. advanced outfitting, modular outfitting, and integrated hull construction outfitting and painting.

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    Advanced outfitting

    Advanced outfitting is an approach of doing the outfitting works as early as possible in the shop when the structure is relatively simple, and therefore more access are available for conducting the tasks, and the structure can be moved, rotated, and turned over to facilitate down hand welding, which will affect the quality and efficiency of the work being done.

    Advanced outfitting is carried out immediately after the panels and sub-assemblies construction have been completed.

    Figure 13.25 Advanced outfitting

    Figure 13.24 On-block outfitting

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    Modular outfitting

    Modular outfitting is an approach for doing the outfitting works by grouping the outfit components in accordance to their functional system or zones and welded them on structural frames, so that it can be lifted and attached to the block in the shop or on berth after its completion. Products of the modular outfitting are called modules.

    IHOP

    Integrated Hull-construction Outfitting and Painting or IHOP in an approach to increase the efficiency of ship production process by constructing the block as complete as possible while it is still in the assembly shop, when there is better access for doing the outfitting tasks and then immediately paint the block before being moved to the building berth or dock.

    The objective of this approach is to minimise difficult tasks to be undertaken when the blocks have been laid on the building dock or berth, where the access is limited and might threaten the safety of the workers and the quality of the works.

    IHOP approach actually integrates all the stages in the on-block outfitting process including the painting of the block and its internal members.

    Figure 13.26 Fuel oil piping module

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    c) On-berth outfitting On-berth outfitting is the process of continuing the outfitting works when the blocks and units have already positioned on the building berth or dock. The works involve in the on-berth outfitting such as connecting the piping system, welding and bolting the modules, connecting the ventilation ducting system, and applying the insulation.

    The amount of tasks to be carried out in the on-berth outfitting is related the completion level of the on-block outfitting. If the completion percentage of outfitting during the block fabrication is high then the percentage of outfitting on berth will be reduced.

    Figure 13.27 IHOP block

    Figure 13.28 On-berth outfitting

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    d) On-board outfitting On-board outfitting is the outfitting process that is conducted after the ship has been launched and berthed at the outfitting quay.

    On-board outfitting involves the process of installing large units on board the ship such as cargo cranes, hatch covers, and sensitive equipment such as electronic devices, as well as completing the rest of the outfitting tasks that have not yet been accomplished in the on-block and on-berth outfitting stages.

    13.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS

    a) Ship outfit is a set of machinery and/or equipment of a ship that comprises particular function of the ship.

    b) In general ships outfits can be categorised into: Ship operation outfits, Cargo handling outfits, Safety and environmental control related outfits, Ship control system outfits, and Ship accommodation outfits.

    c) In shipbuilding outfitting can be defined as the process of installing non-structural components.

    d) Processes associated with outfitting include painting, plumbing and electrical installation, installation of engines and boilers, completion of super structure and deck equipment and rigging, etc.

    e) Ship outfitting can be categorised as pre-launch outfitting, and post-launch outfitting.

    Figure 13.29 On-board outfitting

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