Landfill Landfill PlanningPlanning

PlanningPlanning AccessAccess LayoutLayout Site lifeSite life Fill sequencingFill sequencing Excavation sequencingExcavation sequencing Closure sequencingClosure sequencing

AccessAccess Here are some ways to improve Here are some ways to improve

accessaccess Make all-weather roadsMake all-weather roads Consolidate activities to minimize length Consolidate activities to minimize length

of roadsof roads

All-weather RoadsAll-weather Roads Use concrete or Use concrete or

asphaltasphalt Millings are Millings are

bestbest Separate small Separate small

from largefrom large Crush largeCrush large Use smallUse small

Stockpile in Stockpile in appropriate appropriate locationlocation

Layout & EfficiencyLayout & Efficiency

EfficiencEfficiencyy

Let’s Let’s talk talk about it.about it.

Closed Trench w/o Final Cover

EntranceMetal Pile

CompostPile

Active Trench

RubblePile

Soil Stockpile

Excavated Trench

Closed Trench w/o Final Cover Closed Trench w/o Final Cover

Closed Trench w/o Final Cover

Excavated TrenchExcavated Trench

Site LifeSite Life Assumptions on densityAssumptions on density

Most ranged from 900-Most ranged from 900-1,200 pcy depending on 1,200 pcy depending on the type of machine used the type of machine used to compact the trash.to compact the trash.

This in the ballpark.This in the ballpark.

Assumptions on cover Assumptions on cover ratioratio

Most were 6:1 (6cy waste : Most were 6:1 (6cy waste : 1cy soil)1cy soil)

This is a little further out.This is a little further out.

Site LifeSite Life Based on errors Based on errors

in cover ratio in cover ratio assumption, most assumption, most landfills won’t landfills won’t last as long as last as long as expected.expected.

And they will run And they will run out of soil before out of soil before their completion their completion date.date.

Detailed Operational Detailed Operational (sequence) Planning(sequence) Planning

Most landfills have a general site planMost landfills have a general site plan (i.e., for permitting)(i.e., for permitting)

Few have useful operations plansFew have useful operations plans Excavation plansExcavation plans Fill sequence plansFill sequence plans Soil management plansSoil management plans Coordination re: drainage, access, Coordination re: drainage, access,

excavation, etc.excavation, etc. Solution:Solution:

develop a short-term operations plandevelop a short-term operations plan

Fill Sequence PlanFill Sequence Plan Ensures wet-weather capacityEnsures wet-weather capacity Build to long-term design plansBuild to long-term design plans Optimizes filling operationOptimizes filling operation Pre-plans access roadsPre-plans access roads Pre-plans drainage systemPre-plans drainage system Provides lift-by-lift instructionsProvides lift-by-lift instructions

Volume CalculationsVolume Calculations Vital part of FSP.Vital part of FSP. Show fill and excavation volumes.Show fill and excavation volumes. Normally should not tie activities to a Normally should not tie activities to a

specific date - tie to waste volumes.specific date - tie to waste volumes. Example: During Phase 2 you will place Example: During Phase 2 you will place

20,000 yards of waste, excavate 10,000 20,000 yards of waste, excavate 10,000 yards of soil, use 7,000 yards of soil for yards of soil, use 7,000 yards of soil for cover, and stockpile 3,000 yards of soil. cover, and stockpile 3,000 yards of soil.

A Real PlanA Real Plan Every landfill has a plan. Let’s take a Every landfill has a plan. Let’s take a

look…look…

Here’s an ExampleHere’s an Example

Fill Sequence PlansFill Sequence Plans

Plan DetailsPlan Details

Excavation PlansExcavation Plans

Sequencing the Sequencing the excavationexcavation

Equipment Equipment cost/hourcost/hour

Haul road slopeHaul road slope Annual soil Annual soil

requirementsrequirements Depth of Depth of

individual individual excavation cellsexcavation cells

Excavation PlanExcavation Plan Coordinated with fill sequence plansCoordinated with fill sequence plans Works to minimize double-handling Works to minimize double-handling

of soilof soil Establishes efficient haul roadsEstablishes efficient haul roads Manages soil stockpilesManages soil stockpiles Integral part of soil management Integral part of soil management

planplan Phases excavation based on TVMPhases excavation based on TVM

Stockpile Placement Stockpile Placement ConsiderationsConsiderations

Place close to minimize haul distancePlace close to minimize haul distance Place on top of waste to surcharge Place on top of waste to surcharge

and gain airspaceand gain airspace Track volumes to stay on budgetTrack volumes to stay on budget

Soil Management PlanSoil Management Plan Develop Soil InventoryDevelop Soil Inventory Create Soil Volume/Cost TimelineCreate Soil Volume/Cost Timeline Minimize Double-Handling of SoilMinimize Double-Handling of Soil Avoid Soil Shortage/SurplusAvoid Soil Shortage/Surplus Utilize soil stockpiles efficientlyUtilize soil stockpiles efficiently

close haulclose haul surchargingsurcharging

Manage various soil types efficientlyManage various soil types efficiently

Fill Sequencing CostsFill Sequencing Costs FSP - should show “optimum” sequencingFSP - should show “optimum” sequencing

wet weather areas, push distanceswet weather areas, push distances Phasing - build least expensive phases Phasing - build least expensive phases

first, most expensive phases laterfirst, most expensive phases later Expense is measured per yard of airspace Expense is measured per yard of airspace

provided by each phase. provided by each phase.

Fill Sequencing CostsFill Sequencing Costs Why delay?Why delay? Time Value of Money - present dollars are Time Value of Money - present dollars are

more valuable than future dollarsmore valuable than future dollars Example: You want to buy golf clubs for your Example: You want to buy golf clubs for your

brother who is retiring in 2 years.brother who is retiring in 2 years. 1. Buy them now - cost $9001. Buy them now - cost $900 2. Buy them in 2 years - invest $743.76 at 10% 2. Buy them in 2 years - invest $743.76 at 10%

interest, you will have $900 in 2 yearsinterest, you will have $900 in 2 years effectively save $156.24 in present dollarseffectively save $156.24 in present dollars

Closure SequencingClosure Sequencing

Close it as you go …this is Close it as you go …this is important!!important!!

It’s all exposed …from start to finish.It’s all exposed …from start to finish.

It’s capped as you go - a fraction of the exposure.It’s capped as you go - a fraction of the exposure.

Pass It OnPass It On If you’ve learned something, pass it If you’ve learned something, pass it

on…on…