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    control period 2 ms30

    min2

    mV

    nitric oxide

    caudalrostral

    stim recdemyelinatinglesion

    12% conductionblock

    51% conductionblock

    nitric oxide(lower conc.)

    stim

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    rec

    S

    2S

    0.5 ms

    1000 Hz

    410 Hz1

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    0.5 sec

    1 Hz

    200 Hz

    200 Hz

    100 Hz

    1 Hz

    10 mV

    SPON

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    (d)

    (e)

    (f)

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    5 ms

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    4 105

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    2 ms

    37C

    37C

    cool

    cool

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    control

    lesioned

    20 V

    2 V

    recheat/cool

    stim

    lesion

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    rec

    (i)

    (ii)

    (iii)

    5 s

    neck flexion

    rostral caudal

    rec

    3020100

    20

    40

    frequency(Hz) 60

    80(i)

    (ii)

    (a)

    (b)

    time (s)

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    rec rec

    200 ms

    200 ms

    200 ms

    1 sec

    10 mV 10 mV

    5 mV

    (a) (c)

    (b) (d)

    5 mV

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    5 ms

    2 mV

    2 mV

    200 ms

    20 ms

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

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    (i)

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

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    100

    right eye

    left eye

    200 300 100 200 300

    10 V

    +

    ms ms

    (a) (b)

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    control

    control

    control

    3.0 2.0 1.0 0.03.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

    3.0

    (c)

    (a) (b)

    2.0chemical shift (ppm)

    1.0

    cerebellar ataxia

    cerebellar deficitMS patient with

    MS patient no cerebellar signs

    adult onset hereditary

    NA

    NA

    NA

    Cho

    Cho

    Cho

    Cr

    Cr

    Cr

    In

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