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Defining‘Renaissance’&‘Reforma8on

AnnouncementsWed,Jan.27,2016

•  Today’sAgenda:•  DefiningtheRenaissance/Reforma8on•  Humanism•  GeographyofItaly

•  NextClass(Mon,2/1):•  MapQuizonItaly•  2onlinesourcestoread,andlectureonEduca8on

•  RenaissanceScholarshiptoday:RSAGrantsportal

MapTerms(Italy)

•  ListofMapTermsandblankmapsbothavailableontheWebsite.

•  Ques8ons?

•  MapQuizonMon,2/1(10places)

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SomeRenaissanceThemes•  Wealth&Consump8on•  ReligiousDiscord•  Ar8s8cinnova8on•  Learning/Humanism

•  Trivium/quadrivium•  Explora8on•  Prin8ng•  Individualism•  Women(present/absent)•  NewMonarchies

•  “stateasaworkofart”and“artasaworkofstate”

•  diplomacy

Renaissancevs.Medieval

•  Individual•  Secular(Protestant)•  Realist•  Ac8ve•  Classical•  Change•  State•  Public•  interna8onal

•  Corporate/group•  Religious(Catholic)•  Idealized•  Contempla8ve(monks)

•  Chris8an•  Con8nuity•  Church•  Private•  local

TheRenaissance•  “thebestof8mes”

•  Classicalrevival•  Ar8s8cinnova8on•  Poli8calTheory•  Geographicexplora8on•  Humanisteduca8on•  Literaryflowering•  Secularphilosophy•  Scien8ficdiscovery•  Linguis8cdevelopment•  Banking&L-Dtrade•  Technologicaladvances•  StateDevelopment

•  “theworstof8mes”•  Incessantwarfare•  Frequentepidemics•  Childhoodmortality•  Massiveilliteracy•  Forcedconversions•  Peasantrevolts• Witchhunts/supers88on

•  Religiousconflicts

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Howtodefine“Renaissance”?“Ren·ais·sance”•    [ren-uh-sahns,especially

Brit.ri-ney-suhns]noun•  1.theac8vity,spirit,or8meof

thegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginningin14thcenturyItalyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransi8onfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

(fromdic8onary.com)

•  Wikipedia

•  TheOpenUniversity

•  Zophy,pp.1-6•  ‘dancesoverfireandwater’

•  Chronology,pp.6-7

RenaissanceTimeline

•  “DarkAges”and“MiddleAges”(Petrarch)

•  “rinascità”(Vasari)

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“Renaissance”inHistory

•  Renaissance=intensecrea8vity,innova8on,change(Carolingian,12th-century,Harlem…)

•  “rebirth”(fromVasari)ofGreek&Romanideas.•  In15thcenturyItaly(1400-1499),latertoNorthernEurope;usuallyinurbanareas.

•  Wealthy,urbanelitesmostinfluencedandinvolved.•  Didwomenandpeasantshavea“Renaissance”?

•  Art,educa8on,poli8cs,music,genderissues,diplomacy,militaryaffairs,etc.

Modernviewsof“Renaissance”(Historiography)

•  JulesMichelet•  FRhistorian,republican,authorofmul8volumeHistoryofFrance(1830-1860s)

•  1855,“LaRenaissance”=“discoveryofworld&ofman”in16c.FR•  Spiritofprogressive,democra8cagevs.“bizarreandmonstrous”M.Ages.

•  JacobBurckhardt•  Swissscholar,authorofCiviliza4onofRenaiss.InItaly(1860)•  Stateasaworkofart•  Developmentofindividual(“first-bornamongmodernsons”)•  Revivalofan8quity

Moremodernviewsof“Renaissance”

•  WalterPater•  Oxforddon,arthistorianoflate19thc.•  “spiritofrebellionvs.moral/religiousideasof8me”•  Hedonis8c,pagan,“decadent”Renaissance

•  JohanHuizinga•  Dutchhistorian,WaningofM.Ages(1919)•  ChallengesItalo-centric,sharpdivisionw/M.A.•  Likeothers,itreflectshisown8me(WWI)

•  StephenGreenblat•  Berkeleyliteraryscholar,Renaissanceself-fashioning(1980)•  16thc.figuresself-aware,likemodernmen•  Ambivalentviewof“Renaissance”à“EarlyModern”

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Renaissancepastandpresent

AdforRenaissanceResorts(2011) Boucelli,“BirthofVenus”(1486)

Renaissancepastandpresent

Raphael,“PortraitofAgnoloDoni”(1506)Bono,“RenaissanceMan”(?)

Renaissancepastandpresent

Ti8an,“ManwithaBlueSleeve”(1510)

Raphael,“PortraitofBindoAltovi8”(1515)

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RenaissanceToday

RenaissanceMan,52,5’10”ISOS/DWPF….

WhydoestheRenaissancebegininItaly?

•  ProximitytoClassicalWorld

•  Urbaniza8on•  Increasedwealth•  Crisisofauthority•  Compe88on•  Greekèmigres•  Patronage•  Extraordinaryar8sts/intellectuals/writers