127 ramaram abstract cd

Proceedings of International Conference on Innovation in

Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICIECE-2012)

20-21, July 2012, GNI Hyderabad Page

1

WIRELESS ATTENDANCE MONITORING

SYSTEM FOR CLASS ROOM

1Ramaram Madhuri,

2Gaddameedi Bindhu,

3Ravuri Divyajyothi

1, 2, 3KITE Womens College of Professional EngineeringSciences, Shabad, Hyderabad,INDIA

[email protected] ,

[email protected] ,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT- The project mainly aims in designing an wieless attendance monitoring system for class room in the

colleges/schools.Now-a-days intelligent automation has stepped

its presence in every field all over the world.Automation is the

most frequently spelled term in the field of electronics. The

hunger for automation brought many revolutions in the

existing technologies. One among the technologies which had

greater developments is RF communications. The result of this

is the RFID cards which transmit a unique identification

number.Attendance management is one of the most basic and

important management links. It plays an important role in

improving the enterprises management efficiency and level.

Currently, the staff or class incharge will take the attendance in

many school/colleges. This pattern is flexible and practical. But

it has some disadvantages. The RFID has a lot of advantages,

such as unique, permanent, good anti-fake and easy to use. So it

is recognized increasingly by people .As we know the

advancements in the Radio Frequency and making use of those

existing technology we can design a device which is capable of

maintaining the attendance of the class room and the class

room unit displays the strength of the class.The basic idea of

the system is to employ an RFID tag to each and every student

and when the student enters in to the class this number

transmitted by the RFID tag can be read with the help of a RF

reader and then after the total strength of the classroom will

be displayed in the LCD display which is placed in the outside

of the class.The operations like displaying the total strength of

the calss in lcd is done by an microcontroller which the RF

reader is interfaced. In other words micro controller acts as a

communication medium for all the modules involved in the

project.The major advantage of this system is the presence of

the RFID module enables the device to to monitor the

attendance of classroom.

I.INTRODUCTION

This project RFID Based Wireless attendance monitoring

system for classroom deals with giving intelligence to the

existing traditional system. Persons who are authorized will

be assigned an rfid card with respect to his/her

identification.The RFID reader is interfaced to the micro

controller unit, which keeps track of the Identification. The

reader ID the card of the student and compares with the

database, if it is authentication person it will give

authenticated signal to microcontroller which will display

the authentication in LCD and sends an authentication

number to the microcontroller.The microcontroller will

control the lock and accept it depending upon the reader

output.If any unauthorized persons try to enter in to class, it

will check the authentication for three times and the

controller automatically alerts the security by blowing the

buzzer. This can be implementing in real time.Radio

Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that uses

radio frequencies to automatically identify and track people

or objects. It is useful for many enterprises that want to

improve their productivity, processes and gain a competitive

edge by getting real time information enabling them to make

proactive business decisions. RFID offers higher data

storage capacities, higher identification speeds, and greater

immediacy and accuracy of data collection. The

technologys enhanced accuracy and security in data

collection makes it an ideal data collection platform for the

health care, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, warehousing,

logistics and retail sectors.

I. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

An embedded system is a combination of software and

hardware to perform a dedicated task. Some of the main

devices used in embedded products are microprocessors and

microcontrollers. Microprocessors are commonly referred to

as general purpose processors as they simply accept the

inputs, process it and give the output. In contrast, a

microcontroller not only accepts the data as inputs but also

manipulates it, interfaces the data with various devices,

controls the data and thus finally gives the result.To build an

wireless attendance monitoring system for classroom is one

need to incorporate various technologies in a single unit so

as to achieve the preferred output. Of all available

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]




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technologies the most suitable technologies that can be

utilized for such applications are RFID and Embedded

Systems.

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Circuit Diagram

Circuit Description: Firstly, the required operating voltage

for Microcontroller 89C51 is 5V. Hence the 5V D.C. power

supply is needed by the same. This regulated 5V is

generated by first stepping down the 230V to 18V by the

step down transformer. In the Power supply the step downed

a.c. voltage is being rectified by the Bridge Rectifier. The

diodes used are 1N4007. The rectified a.c voltage is now

filtered using a C filter. Now the rectified, filtered D.C.

voltage is fed to the Voltage Regulator.This voltage

regulator allows us to have a Regulated voltage.In Power

supply given to Microcontroller 5V is generated using 7805.

The rectified; filtered and regulated voltage is again filtered

for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100F. Now the

output from the first section is fed to 40th

pin of 89c51

microcontroller to supply operating voltage and from other

power supply to circuitry.The microcontroller 89c51 with

Pull up resistors at Port0 and crystal oscillator of 11.0592

MHz crystal in conjunction with couple of capacitors of is

placed at 18th

& 19th

pins of 89c51 to make it work (execute)

properly.The LCD is interfaced to Microcontroller.The data

pins of LCD are connected to port 2.The controlpins of LCD

are connected to port 2 as shown in the schematics.The

RFID module is interfaced to micro controller through a

voltage converter i.e.MAX 232.The 2nd

and 3rd

pins of RFID

of RFID modules DB-9 connector 14th

and 13th

pins of

MAX232.the pins 11th

and 12th

of MAX 232 are connected

to 11th

,12th

pins of 89c51.the 25th

,26th

,28th

pins of 89c51 are

connected to lcd of 4th

, 5th

and 6th

pins as shown in the

schematic diagram.

Microcontroller: A Micro controller consists of a powerful

CPU tightly coupled with memory, various I/O interfaces

such as serial port, parallel port timer or counter, interrupt

controller, data acquisition interfaces-Analog to Digital

converter, Digital to Analog converter, integrated on to a

single silicon chip. If a system is developed with a

microprocessor, the designer has to go for external memory

such as RAM, ROM, EPROM and peripherals. But

controller is provided all these facilities on a single chip.

Development of a Micro controller reduces PCB size and

cost of design. One of the major differences between a

Microprocessor and a Micro controller is that a controller

often deals with bits not bytes as in the real world

application.Intel has introduced a family of Micro

controllers called the MCS-51.The system requirements and

control specifications clearly rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64

bit micro controllers or microprocessors. Systems using

these may be earlier to implement due to large number of

internal features. They are also faster and more reliable but,

8-bit micro controller satisfactorily serves the above

application. Using an inexpensive 8-bit Microcontroller will

doom the 32-bit product failure in any competitive market

place. Coming to the question of why to use AT89C51 of all

the 8-bit microcontroller available in the market the main

answer would be because it has 4 Kb on chip flash memory

which is just sufficient for our application. The on-chip

Flash ROM allows the program memory to be

reprogrammed in system or by conventional non-volatile

memory Programmer. Moreover ATMEL is the leader in




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flash technology in todays market place and hence using

AT 89C51 is the optimal solution.

Regulated power supply :The power supplies are designed

to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable

low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices.

A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks,

each of which performs a particular function. A d.c power

supply which maintains the output voltage constant

irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is

known as Regulated D.C Power Supply

Liquid crystal display: The most common application of

liquid crystal technology is in liquid crystal displays

(LCDs). From the ubiquitous wrist watch and pocket

calculator to an advanced VGA computer screen, this type

of display has evolved into an important and versatile

interface.A liquid crystal display consists of an array of tiny

segments (called pixels) that can be manipulated to present

information. This basic idea is common to all displays,

ranging from simple calculators to a full color LCD

television.Why are liquid crystal displays important? The

first factor is size. As will be shown in the following

sections, an LCD consists primarily of two glass plates with

some liquid crystal material between them. There is no

bulky picture tube. This makes LCDs practical for

applications where size (as well as weight) are important.In

general, LCDs use much less power than their cathode-ray

tube (CRT) counterparts. Many LCDs are reflective,

meaning that they use only ambient light to illuminate the

display. Even displays that do require an external light

source (i.e. computer displays) consume much less power

than CRT devices.Liquid crystal displays do have

drawbacks, and these are the subject of intense research.

Problems with viewing angle, contrast ratio, and response

time still need to be solved before the LCD replaces the

cathode-ray tube. However with the rate of technological

innovation, this day may not be too far into the future.

III. RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)

RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency

Identification. RFID (radio frequency

identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of

electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio

frequency (RF) portion of

the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify

an object, animal, or person. RFID is coming into increasing

use in industry as an alternative to the bar code. The

advantage of RFID is that it does not require direct contact

or line-of-sight scanning. An RFID system consists of three components: an antenna and transceiver (often combined

into one reader) and a transponder (the tag). The antenna

uses radio frequency waves to transmit a signal that activates

the transponder. When activated, the tag transmits data back

to the antenna. The data is used to notify a programmable

logic controller that an action should occur. The action

could be as simple as raising an access gate or as

complicated as interfacing with a database to carry out a

monetary transaction.Low-frequency RFID systems (30 KHz

to 500 KHz) have short transmission ranges (generally less

than six feet). High-frequency RFID systems (850 MHz to

950 MHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz) offer longer

transmission ranges (more than 90 feet). In general RFID is

the higher the frequency, the more expensive the system.

RFID is sometimes called dedicated short range

communication (DSRC).Radio Frequency Identification

(RFID) is a means of identifying a person or object using a

radio frequency transmission. The technology can be used to

identify, track, sort or detect a wide variety of objects.

Communication takes place between a reader (interrogator)

and a transponder (tag). Tags can either be active (powered

by battery) or passive (powered by the reader field), and

come in various forms. Some variants of tags and readers are

shown RFID Tag and RFID Reader respectively. The

communication frequencies used depends to a large extent

on the application, and range from 125 kHz to 2.45 GHz.




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Fig Working of RFID

IR pairs: Basics of IR transmitter and receiver Transmitter

and receiver are commonly used in Engineering projects for

remote control of objects. In particularly, in Robotic system

uses tranmitter and receiver. Here i would like to describe

the basics if IR transmitter and receiver.A Sensor can be

understood as an electrical device which tries to imitate

human senses to perform different functions in an electronic

circuit.For example, light sensor helps understand the

intensity of light just like our eyes, Heat sensor helps us

know the temperature and similarly pressure sensor, sound

sensor.A Light sensor is basically a transmitter reciever pair

in which the transmitter transmits electromagnetic radiation

in the form of waves and these waves upon reflection or

direct transmission are recieved by the reciever.Based on the

different types of electromagnetic radiation used we have

different types of sensors.The most widely used sensor

among them is the InfraRed(IR) sensor.i.e.,IR sensor

The 89C51 Crystal oscillator: The heart of the 89C51

circuitry that generates the clock pulses by which all the

internal all internal operations are synchronized. Pins

XTAL1 And XTAL2 is provided for connecting a resonant

network to form an oscillator. Typically a quartz crystal and

capacitors are employed. The crystal frequency is the basic

internal clock frequency of the microcontroller. The

manufacturers make 89C51 designs that run at specific

minimum and maximum frequencies typically 1 to 16 MHz.

Oscillator Characteristics: XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the

input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier

which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator.

Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To

drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2

should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven.There

are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock

signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is

through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and

maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be

observed.

MAX232:A standard serial interfacing for PC, RS232C,

requires negative logic, i.e., logic '1' is -3V to -12V and

logic '0' is +3V to +12V. To convert a TTL logic, say, TxD

and RxD pins of the uC chips, thus need a converter chip.

A MAX232 chip has long been using in many uC boards. It

provides 2-channel RS232C port and requires external 10uF

capacitors.

Fig : MAX232 IC

Introduction to RS232 (Recommended Standard

232)and its specifications:Communication as defined in the

RS232 standard is an asynchronous serial communication

method. The word serial means, that the information is sent

one bit at a time. Asynchronous tells us that the information

is not sent in predefined time slots. Data transfer can start at

any given time and it is the task of the receiver to detect

when a message starts and ends.

Fig: RS 232 Serial Cable

http://www.arcelect.com/rs232.htmhttp://www.maxim-ic.com/quick_view2.cfm?qv_pk=1798




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Results: The aim of this project is to make the present Attendance system automatic reducing the time and effort

and increasing the performance. For this purpose, RFID

technology and IR pair modules are used. This project has

been developed based on the smart cards usage. Here the

cards used are RFID tags. A RFID reader is placed at the

outside of the classroom to read the RFID tags.Thus project

An Wireless attendance monitoring system for classroom

has been successfully designed and tested.

IV. CONCLUSION:

Integrating features of all the hardware components used

have been developed in it. Presence of every module has

been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to

the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly

advanced ICs with the help of growing technology, the

project has been successfully implemented.

V. FUTURE SCOPE:

In future we can use this project for accident alert, parking

slot management in a better way by using high and advanced

RFID technology.. In offices, bus riders, super markets,

textiles and logistics chain management and libraries, RFID

tags can be used to record the entries of the employees or

customers. However, there are some inherent hurdles to

overcome if you try to substitute either of these sensors and

if these hurdles can be solved the future scope of this project

can be used to its maximum extent.

References:

[1]. The 8051 Micro controller and Embedded Systems -Muhammad Ali

Mazidi Janice Gillispie Mazidi. [2]. The 8051 Micro

controller Architecture, Programming & Applications -Kenneth J. Ayala.

[3]. Fundamentals Of Micro processors and Micro computers -B. Ram

[4]. Micro processor Architecture, Programming & Applications - Ramesh

S. Gaonkar

[5]. Electronic Components -D.V. Prasad

[6]. www.national.com

[7]. www.atmel.com

[8]. www.microsoftsearch.com

[9]. www.geocities.com

[10].Mr.BANOTH KRISHNA He has completed his B.Tech in ECE from

Dr.Paul Raj Engineering College-Bhdrachalam(JNTUH) in 2005 and

,M.Tech(VLSI-SD)-From SITAMS-Chittoor(JNTUH) in 2008.His interested

areas are Digital Design,Low PowerVLSI Design,Analog VLSI

Desgin,FPGA Technology.

[11] Miss.Ramaram Madhuri,Dpt-ECE,KITE Womens College of

Professional Engineering Sciences, Shabad, Hyderabad.

Email: [email protected]

[12] Miss.Gaddameedi Bindhu,Dept-ECE,KITE Womens College of



[12] Miss.Ravuri DivyaJyothi,Dept-ECE,KITE Womens College of



http://www.national.com/http://www.atmel.com/http://www.microsoftsearch.com/http://www.geocities.com/

127 ramaram abstract cd

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