1249 1167 98%web2.kmu.edu.tw/~oralhs/magazine/pdf/v26_2/l2.pdf · 540 (who, world health...
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ISSN 2072-2486
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97 3-6
26 2416
1249 1167 98%
17.58%
9.14%
(Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=1.59)
(AOR =1.94)
(AOR =3.37)
(AOR =3.71) (AOR =
2.69) (AOR = 4.40)
(AOR=4.88)
(AOR =1.93 2.99 5.86)
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540
(WHO, World Health
Organization) 2008
540
1999 11
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2030 800
96
331
81
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16 8.4
96 15
Bandura (Social
Learning Theory)
(Observational learning)
Simons-Morton
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(AOR =9.82)
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2.746
15
59.42%
44.62%
63.49% 47.67%
15
84.28%
61.49% 20%
81.27% 49.05% 30%
Wen
1.7
2.2 Hill
Scragg
Bauman
Bricker
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97
165
(multistage cluster sampling)
26
8
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10
2008 3 6
2416 98%
(1) (2)
(3)
0 1
12 9
3
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
1 0
(1)(2) 1 (3)(4) 0 (1)(2)
0 (3)(4) 1 Cronbach's
0.8246
3
0 1 0 1
�
(1) (2)
(3)
10 (4) 10
(1) 0 (2)(3)
(4) 1
9
JMP 6.0
(Chi-square tests)
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(Logistic regression
model)
Odds Ratios OR 95%
(95% Confidence interval 95%CI)
(AOR=1.94, 95% CI=
1.01-3.62)
(AOR=3.37,
95% CI=1.34-8.44)
(AOR=3.71, 95% CI=1.56-8.98)
(AOR=2.69, 95% CI=1.60-4.45)
(AOR=4.40, 95%
CI=1.04-16.76)
(AOR=4.88, 95% CI=1.67-13.94)
(AOR=1.93, 95% CI=1.29-2.94)
(AOR=2.99,
95% CI=1.82-5.16)
(AOR=5.86, 95% CI=
4.16-8.32)
(AOR=9.82, 95%
CI=6.28-15.59)
1249 1167 51.70%
48.30%
23.94%
24.58% 26.18% 25.30%
24.85% 25.28% 23.56% 26.31%
17.58%
9.14%
(AOR=1.59, 95% CI=1.02-2.45)
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Scragg
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(social
desirability bias)
NSC-98-2314-B-
037-003-MY2
KMU-Q0980 14
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1.
2.
3.
(2010) 2008
Available at:
http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/2008
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WHO. New report on global tobacco
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Bandura A. (1978) Social learning theory
of aggression. J Commun; 28:12-29.
Simons-Morton B, Haynie DL, Crump AD
, Eitel SP, Saylor KE. (2001) Peer and
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4.
5.
���
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parent influences on smoking and drinking
among early adolescents. Health Educ
Behav; 28(1):95-107.
(2003)
; 7:128-39
(2010) 96
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%,1,%&fpage=0&CityWhere=&City
Name=&chart=1&addType=, 2007c.
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Wen, CP, Tsai SP, Cheng TY, Hsu CC,
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Hill KG, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Abbott
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Bricker JB, Peterson AV, Jr, Andersen MR,
Rajan KB, Leroux BG, Sarason IG. (2006)
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(1991)
Huang CM, Yen YY, Chen FL, Hsu CC,
Lee CH, Lin Y, Huang HL. (2010)School-
level policy for tobacco control and
individual-level characteristics in relation
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
���
21.
to cigarette smoking among children:
a multilevel study of elementary schools in
Pingtung County. Taiwan Journal of Public
Health, 29(2):145-158.
Huang HL, Chen FL, Hsu CC, Yen YY,
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25(3):451-463.
1249
299
307
327
316
218
1022
(51.70)
(23.94)
(24.58)
(26.18)
(25.30)
(17.58)
(82.42)
1167
290
295
275
307
106
1054
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(48.30)
(24.85)
(25.28)
(23.56)
(26.31)
(9.14)
(90.86)
2.218
36.583
0.5284
0.0001
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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N % N %AOR(95%CI)
106
105
144
67
138
73
154
55
140
71
158
53
117
92
122
91
160
52
(50.24)
(49.76)
(68.25)
(31.75)
(65.40)
(34.60)
(73.68)
(26.32)
(66.35)
(33.65)
(74.88)
(25.12)
(55.98)
(44.02)
(57.28)
(42.72)
(75.47)
(24.53)
616
386
766
235
772
228
807
197
811
193
857
148
599
402
676
325
861
145
(61.48)
(38.52)
(76.52)
(23.48)
(77.20)
(22.80)
(80.38)
(19.62)
(80.78)
(19.22)
(85.27)
(14.73)
(59.84)
(40.16)
(67.53)
(32.47)
(85.59)
(14.41)
1.00
1.28
1.00
1.03
1.00
1.23
1.00
1.17
1.00
1.59
1.00
1.83
1.00
1.12
1.00
1.27
(0.91,1.81)
(0.69,1.53)
(0.81,1.84)
(0.75,1.81)
(1.02,2.45)
(0.74,1.87)
(0.76,1.63)
(0.80,2.00)
N % N %AOR(95%CI)
62
43
75
30
78
25
80
24
84
19
85
18
55
48
62
43
89
16
(59.05)
(40.95)
(71.43)
(28.57)
(75.73)
(24.27)
(76.92)
(24.08)
(81.55)
(18.45)
(82.52)
(17.48)
(53.40)
(46.60)
(59.05)
(40.95)
(84.76)
(15.24)
675
365
783
253
872
166
847
187
889
150
933
105
598
438
670
364
898
138
(64.90)
(35.10)
(75.58)
(24.42)
(84.01)
(15.99)
(81.91)
(18.09)
(85.56)
(14.44)
(89.88)
(10.12)
(57.72)
(42.28)
(64.80)
(35.20)
(86.68)
(13.32)
1.00
1.65
1.00
1.64
(0.96,2.76)
(0.87,2.94)
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N % N %AOR(95%CI)
N % N %AOR(95%CI)
186
28
56
159
175
39
200
16
182
31
186
26
186
28
189
24
194
17
62
149
65
145
171
41
(86.92)
(13.08)
(26.05)
(73.95)
(81.78)
(18.22)
(92.59)
(7.41)
(85.45)
(14.55)
(87.74)
(12.26)
(86.92)
(13.08)
(88.73)
(11.27)
(91.94)
(8.06)
(29.38)
(70.62)
(30.95)
(69.05)
(80.66)
(19.34)
987
19
195
802
964
43
981
24
950
59
992
16
993
17
993
17
947
36
158
835
199
799
942
57
(98.11)
(1.89)
(19.56)
(80.44)
(95.73)
(4.27)
(97.61)
(2.39)
(94.15)
(5.85)
(98.41)
(1.59)
(98.32)
(1.68)
(98.32)
(1.68)
(96.34)
(3.66)
(15.91)
(84.09)
(19.94)
(80.06)
(94.29)
(5.71)
1.00
1.79
1.25
1.00
1.00
1.94
1.00
0.75
1.00
0.86
1.00
3.37
1.00
2.55
1.00
3.71
1.00
0.87
1.47
1.00
1.34
1.00
1.00
2.69
(0.73,4.25)
(0.81,1.90)
(1.01,3.62)
(0.24,2.01)
(0.42,1.67)
(1.34,8.44)
(0.97,6.71)
(1.56,8.98)
(0.33,2.10)
(0.90,2.38)
(0.85,2.08)
(1.60,4.45)
97
8
25
78
91
12
98
6
90
13
98
5
92
12
90
13
92
10
20
84
27
75
90
14
(92.38)
(7.62)
(24.27)
(75.73)
(88.35)
(11.65)
(94.23)
(5.77)
(87.38)
(12.62)
(95.15)
(4.85)
(88.46)
(11.54)
(87.38)
(12.62)
(90.20)
(9.80)
(19.23)
(80.77)
(26.47)
(73.53)
(86.54)
(13.46)
1035
10
181
855
992
47
1023
23
987
59
1035
9
1035
12
1027
15
985
38
118
922
167
860
1006
32
(99.04)
(0.96)
(17.47)
(82.53)
(95.48)
(4.52)
(97.80)
(2.20)
(94.36)
(5.64)
(99.14)
(0.86)
(98.85)
(1.15)
(98.56)
(1.44)
(96.29)
(3.71)
(11.35)
(88.65)
(16.26)
(83.74)
(96.92)
(3.08)
1.00
4.40
1.00
0.67
1.00
1.41
1.00
1.24
1.00
2.55
1.00
4.88
1.00
1.10
1.12
1.00
1.63
1.00
1.00
2.19
(1.04,16.76)
(0.22,1.70)
(0.59,3.02)
(0.21,5.89)
(0.67,8.91)
(1.67,13.94)
(0.32,3.15)
(0.55,2.20)
(0.89,2.89)
(0.83,5.19)
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N % N %AOR(95%CI)
N % N %AOR(95%CI)
��
��
��
37
179
19
199
68
149
(17.13)
(82.87)
(8.72)
(91.28)
(31.34)
(68.66)
366
646
383
629
817
195
(36.17)
(63.83)
(37.85)
(62.15)
(80.73)
(19.27)
1.00
1.93
1.00
2.99
1.00
5.86
(1.29,2.94)
(1.82,5.16)
(4.16,8.32)
22
83
17
89
37
69
347
700
342
701
907
143
1.00
1.34
1.00
1.59
1.00
9.82
(0.80,2.30)
(0.92,2.90)
(6.28,15.59)
(20.95)
(79.05)
(16.04)
(83.96)
(34.91)
(65.09)
(33.14)
(66.86)
(32.79)
(67.21)
(86.38)
(13.62)
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Knowledge, Attitude, Social Environmental FactorsAssociated with Smoking Behavior among Primary
Schoolchildren in Pin-Tung County
Yuan-Jung Hsu Chen-YuYang Yea-Yin Yen Chih-Chang Chen
Wen-Ling Tsai Pi-Li Lin Ya-Ying Lin Hwei-Ling Ko Hsiao-Ling Huang
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, , , , Fu-Li Chen
, , , ,
1 Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University,Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
2 Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.3 Bachelor Program of Biotechnical Cosmetology, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.4 Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pin-Tung County, Taiwan.5 Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan.6 Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan.
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To assess the relationship of tobacco-related knowledge, attitude toward smoking, social
environment factors, and smoking behavior among primary school students in Pin-Tung County.
We used the multistage cluster sampling to obtain a representative sample of third to sixth
grade students in 2008 in Pin-Tung County (n=2416), including 1249 boys and 1167 girls.
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors on smoking behavior.
The ever-smoking behavior prevalence was higher in boys than girls (17.5% vs. 9.14%).
After adjustment for other variables, logistic regression shows that only one knowledge item was
significant on boys: 'When smoking with fresh air outdoors, we can't worry about harming our
health' (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.59) and no significant variables were observed on girls.
In the part of attitude variables, four items significant on boy's smoking behavior are: 'Loneliness
will relieve by smoking', 'Smoking will make people look handsome', 'Everyone likes to get along
with people who smoke”, and “Parents can smoke in front of children'(AOR =1.94, 3.37, 3.71
and 2.69, respectively) and two items show significant on girls including 'It is happy to smoke',
and 'Everyone likes to get along with people who smoke'(AOR =4.40 and 4.88, respectively).In
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Keyword: tobacco knowledge; attitude; social environment; smoking behavior; schoolchildren
Correspondence: Hsiao-Ling Huang
Address:Department of Dental Hygiene, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st
Road, San Ming District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80756, ROC.
Tel: +011-886-7-3229746 ext.13
E-mail: [email protected]
the social environmental factors, family smoked, people in the school and close friends smoked
were significant factors on boy's ever-smoking behavior(AOR =1.93, 2.99 and 5.86, respectively)
; whereas only close friends show significant on girls(AOR =9.82).
Compare to girls, boys have lower knowledge score, higher positive attitude toward smoking
, were more likely to be influenced by family and close friends who smoke. The finding suggests
the government should implement the tobacco control education on elementary students, in
particularly to strengthen male pupil's knowledge.
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