12.4 sustainable sources of electricity · 2018. 1. 17. · tidal energy •can be converted to...
TRANSCRIPT
124 SUSTAINABLE SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
RENEWABLE FORMS OF ENERGY
bull Wind
bull Solar
bull Wave
bull Tidal
bull Biomass
bull Geothermal
Future plans related to energy use include conservation and increased
use of renewable forms of energy
WIND ENERGY
bull can be small scale electrical production or as part of a
wind farm
bull Most wind turbines are mounted on towers
bull 30m or more above the ground to take advantage of
higher winds and minimize turbulence caused by
landforms or structures
bull When wind turbines spin they turn an electric generator
that produces electricity
WIND ENERGY
Advantages
bull Most large turbines can generate
a few megawatts of electrical
power
bull the cost of running wind turbines
is very low
Disadvantages
bull quite expensive to construct and
install
bull The wind speed at any location
may vary during the day
bull Some people think that wind
turbines are noisy and spoil the
view
bull Turbines can be a danger to
birds and humans nearby
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Energy converted directly from the Sun into electricity
bull use of photovoltaic materials that generate a direct current when
exposed to light
bull The Sun emits an enormous amount of energy
bull In Ontario the average energy at Earthrsquos surface is between 33 and
50 kWhm2 Solar cells are only about 25 efficient at converting
this energy into electricity
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Solar cells are rapidly becoming more common on everything from
parking meters to roof tops to solar farms
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
RENEWABLE FORMS OF ENERGY
bull Wind
bull Solar
bull Wave
bull Tidal
bull Biomass
bull Geothermal
Future plans related to energy use include conservation and increased
use of renewable forms of energy
WIND ENERGY
bull can be small scale electrical production or as part of a
wind farm
bull Most wind turbines are mounted on towers
bull 30m or more above the ground to take advantage of
higher winds and minimize turbulence caused by
landforms or structures
bull When wind turbines spin they turn an electric generator
that produces electricity
WIND ENERGY
Advantages
bull Most large turbines can generate
a few megawatts of electrical
power
bull the cost of running wind turbines
is very low
Disadvantages
bull quite expensive to construct and
install
bull The wind speed at any location
may vary during the day
bull Some people think that wind
turbines are noisy and spoil the
view
bull Turbines can be a danger to
birds and humans nearby
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Energy converted directly from the Sun into electricity
bull use of photovoltaic materials that generate a direct current when
exposed to light
bull The Sun emits an enormous amount of energy
bull In Ontario the average energy at Earthrsquos surface is between 33 and
50 kWhm2 Solar cells are only about 25 efficient at converting
this energy into electricity
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Solar cells are rapidly becoming more common on everything from
parking meters to roof tops to solar farms
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
WIND ENERGY
bull can be small scale electrical production or as part of a
wind farm
bull Most wind turbines are mounted on towers
bull 30m or more above the ground to take advantage of
higher winds and minimize turbulence caused by
landforms or structures
bull When wind turbines spin they turn an electric generator
that produces electricity
WIND ENERGY
Advantages
bull Most large turbines can generate
a few megawatts of electrical
power
bull the cost of running wind turbines
is very low
Disadvantages
bull quite expensive to construct and
install
bull The wind speed at any location
may vary during the day
bull Some people think that wind
turbines are noisy and spoil the
view
bull Turbines can be a danger to
birds and humans nearby
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Energy converted directly from the Sun into electricity
bull use of photovoltaic materials that generate a direct current when
exposed to light
bull The Sun emits an enormous amount of energy
bull In Ontario the average energy at Earthrsquos surface is between 33 and
50 kWhm2 Solar cells are only about 25 efficient at converting
this energy into electricity
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Solar cells are rapidly becoming more common on everything from
parking meters to roof tops to solar farms
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
WIND ENERGY
Advantages
bull Most large turbines can generate
a few megawatts of electrical
power
bull the cost of running wind turbines
is very low
Disadvantages
bull quite expensive to construct and
install
bull The wind speed at any location
may vary during the day
bull Some people think that wind
turbines are noisy and spoil the
view
bull Turbines can be a danger to
birds and humans nearby
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Energy converted directly from the Sun into electricity
bull use of photovoltaic materials that generate a direct current when
exposed to light
bull The Sun emits an enormous amount of energy
bull In Ontario the average energy at Earthrsquos surface is between 33 and
50 kWhm2 Solar cells are only about 25 efficient at converting
this energy into electricity
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Solar cells are rapidly becoming more common on everything from
parking meters to roof tops to solar farms
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Energy converted directly from the Sun into electricity
bull use of photovoltaic materials that generate a direct current when
exposed to light
bull The Sun emits an enormous amount of energy
bull In Ontario the average energy at Earthrsquos surface is between 33 and
50 kWhm2 Solar cells are only about 25 efficient at converting
this energy into electricity
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Solar cells are rapidly becoming more common on everything from
parking meters to roof tops to solar farms
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
SOLAR ENERGY
bull Solar cells are rapidly becoming more common on everything from
parking meters to roof tops to solar farms
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
SOLAR ENERGY
Advantages
bull The fuel for solar energy is free
bull There is very little impact on the
environment
bull The cost of solar energy is
dropping as the technology
develops
Disadvantages
bull Solar energy systems are still
quite expensive
bull Solar systems are quite
inefficient
bull DC that is produced must be
converted to AC for home use
bull Energy must be stored in
batteries for use at night or on
cloudy days
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
OCEAN WAVES
bull can be used to generate electricity
bull as they rise and fall compress an air column that drives a turbine
connected to a generator
bull Canada is currently investigating ways to generate electricity using
ocean waves
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
TIDAL ENERGY
bull can be converted to electricity
bull The rising and falling tides spin generators within dams constructed
across inlets
bull Canadarsquos tidal generating station at Annapolis Royal in Nona Scotia
is shown on the right
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
BIOMASS ENERGY
bull energy that is generated from plant and animal material
bull Plant matter (or bio fuels) can be burned to power generators
bull Burning biomass still adds CO2 to the atmosphere but does not add
any of the other chemicals found in fossil fuels
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
bull is produced from naturally occurring steam and hot water that is
heated by rocks and trapped under Earthrsquos surface
bull When pumped to the surface the steam drives turbines to generate
electricity
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand
CONSERVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Each form of energy used to generate electricity has an economic and an
environmental cost These costs can be reduced by encouraging practices
such as
bull switching energy use to off-peak times
bull using less electricity in your daily life
bull discarding andor replacing inefficient older appliances such as
refrigerators freezers and window air conditioners
bull replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient alternatives
bull having a smart meter installed to monitor your energy use
Increased conservation of electrical energy could reduce the need to construct
billion-dollar power plants to keep up with growing demand