12108- factors affecting sustained adoption of sri by tribals in south gujarat

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Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat: of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat: An Investigation An Investigation Niraj U. Joshi Niraj U. Joshi R. Sukumar R. Sukumar

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Presented by: Niraj U. Joshi and R. Sukumar. For IWMI-Tata program Date: November, 2012

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Page 1: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI

by Tribals in South Gujarat: An Investigationby Tribals in South Gujarat: An Investigation

Niraj U. JoshiNiraj U. JoshiR. SukumarR. Sukumar

Page 2: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Programme AreaProgramme AreaTribal South Gujarat Region - NetrangTribal South Gujarat Region - Netrang

Page 3: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

SRI Norms promoted by AKRSP(I)SRI Norms promoted by AKRSP(I)

• Transplantation age (10 - 14 days)

• Maintaining spacing (25 cms X 25 cms)

• Number of seedlings (one seedling per hill)

• Water management (alternate drying and wetting)

• Weeding (at least twice)

Page 4: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Efforts of AKRSP(I) in promoting SRI practices Efforts of AKRSP(I) in promoting SRI practices

Awareness campaigns (Jhumbesh Yatra)

Field-based trainings or demonstrations

Information dissemination through resource farmers and

extension Vvolunteers

Exposure visits to immersion sites

Page 5: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Objectives of the study Objectives of the study

To document factors affecting continued

adoption of SRI

To assess if there is a particular sub-set of

practices that farmers give up but retain

others over the years

To understand how crop yield under SRI on

the same plot behaves over years

Page 6: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

MethodologyMethodology

Population : Tribal farmers from Dediapada, Sagbara, Valia

(Netrang) and Mandvi blocks who have undergone SRI

practice at least once

Sampling method: A convenience-based stratified sampling

was used where the farmers were stratified based on the

following categories: rainfed, irrigated, as well as those who

are continuing to adopt SRI, and those who dropped out.

Sample size : 331

Primary data collection : interview schedule

Interview period: mid-February to March 2012

Page 7: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations

LF - Landholding more than 3.25 haMF - Landholding more than 2 ha and less than 3.25 ha SF - Landholding more than 1 ha and less than 2 ha MGF - Landholding less than 1 ha

Classification of sample farmers based on number of years they have been practicing SRI

Type of Farmer

Doing SRI for less than 3

years(Disadopters)

Doing SRI for 3 or

more years(Adopters) Total

Large Farmer (LF) 5 4 9

Medium Farmer(MF) 4 6 10

Marginal Farmer (MGF) 102 105 207

Small Farmer(SF) 43 62 105

Grand Total 154 177 331

% of total 47% 53% 100.00

Page 8: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations Profile of Adopters, Non-Adopters and Disadopters

Characteristics Adopters DisadoptersIrrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed

Sample Size 162 15 114 40

Avg. Landholding (ha.) 1.13 0.86 0.97 1.07

Avg. Cultivated Area (ha.)

0.41 0.40 0.38 0.53

Avg. SRI Area (ha.) 0.41 0.40 0.29 0.29

Avg. Conventional Paddy Area (ha.)

0.39 0.30 0.46 0.70

Avg. Person-months of Migration

1.88 1.00 1.39 1.53

Avg. Age of Respondent

41.18 46.27 43.94 48.50

Avg. Years of Education

4.59 4.80 5.81 4.45

Page 9: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations Paddy Cultivation Practices and Yields

Characteristics Adopters Dis-Adopters

Irrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed

Seed application (2 kgs/ac)(% following norms) 48.57 1.90 37.14 12.38

Avg. seed application rate 4.83 7.22 5.85 7.99

Spacing (% following norms) 55.49 2.89 34.68 6.94

Transplanting age(% following norms) 61.22 6.12 28.57 4.08

Avg. transplanting age 17.98 17.33 18.56 17.83

Seedings per hill (% following norms) 50.54 4.69 33.94 10.83

Avg. seedlings per hill 1.15 1.13 1.17 1.10

Weeding (% following norms) 50.78 4.65 32.17 12.40

Frequency of weeding 1.88 1.80 1.84 1.83

Water management (% following norms)

69.12 0.74 29.41 0.74

Avg. cash expenditure per Ha. 3657 2670 4224 2438

Avg. paddy yield over the last 3 years (in quintals/acre) 14.92 12.95 7.82 3.98

Page 10: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations Combination of practices for adopters

Combination of Practices Total Spacing Young TP AWD Seedling/hill Weeding

00000 4

00040 6 6

00005 5 5

10000 1 1

12000 1 1 1

10300 2 2 2

10040 5 5 5

10005 5 5 5

02040 1 1 1

00340 7 7 7

00305 2 2 2

00045 25 25 25

12040 1 1 1 1

10305 4 4 4 4

10045 20 20 20 20

02045 4 4 4 4

10340 4 4 4 4

00345 18 18 18 18

12340 2 2 2 2 2

10345 36 36 36 36 36

12045 4 4 4 4 4

02345 4 4 4 4 4

12345 16 16 16 16 16 16

Grand Total 177 101 33 95 153 143

Page 11: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations

Motivation for SRI Adoption

Characteristics Adopters Disadopters

Irrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed

Sample Size 162 15 114 40

Average Score

Monetary incentive (Rs. 250)

1.84 2.07 1.72 1.30

Higher production 4.37 4.40 4.07 2.88

Lower expenditure 2.73 3.07 2.56 2.03

Possible in rainfed conditions

1.86 3.60 1.77 1.98

Page 12: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations

Constraints in SRI Adoption

Characteristics Adopters Disadopters

Irrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed

Sample Size 162 15 114 40

Average Score

Doubts on overall SRI technique 1.12 1.20 1.30 1.88

Difficulty in nursery bed preparation & transplantation (10-14 days plants)

2.94 2.33 3.10 2.43

Difficulty in managing the lines as well as spacing between plants 2.64 3.13 3.11 3.35

Labour shortages 3.28 2.60 3.49 3.33

Lack of technical support from the extension officer 1.94 1.93 2.23 2.33

Lack of timely availability of water for field preparation (monsoon) 2.85 4.00 3.04 3.50

Lack of awareness among the labors about transplantation technique 2.61 3.60 2.82 3.08

Page 13: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat

Recommendations Recommendations

Seed treatment should be ensured to increase the quality of seedlings

To maintain the spacing , a wooden marker could be promoted within a

group of five farmers to maintain the 25 cm X 25 cm spacing

Although raised bed preparation is practiced, bed preparation could be

phased in a gap of 3 – 4 days in three parts to maintain the transplantation

period to 12 – 15 days and rule out the risk of delayed monsoon

Cono-weeder to be promoted in groups to encourage weeding practices,

which will ultimately also ensure to maintain proper spacing between the

seedlings

Promoting “amrut jal” for treatment of seeds and spraying, which could

reduce pest attack and would also reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers

Page 14: 12108- Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI by Tribals in South Gujarat