12108- factors affecting sustained adoption of sri by tribals in south gujarat
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Presented by: Niraj U. Joshi and R. Sukumar. For IWMI-Tata program Date: November, 2012TRANSCRIPT
Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI Factors Affecting Sustained Adoption of SRI
by Tribals in South Gujarat: An Investigationby Tribals in South Gujarat: An Investigation
Niraj U. JoshiNiraj U. JoshiR. SukumarR. Sukumar
Programme AreaProgramme AreaTribal South Gujarat Region - NetrangTribal South Gujarat Region - Netrang
SRI Norms promoted by AKRSP(I)SRI Norms promoted by AKRSP(I)
• Transplantation age (10 - 14 days)
• Maintaining spacing (25 cms X 25 cms)
• Number of seedlings (one seedling per hill)
• Water management (alternate drying and wetting)
• Weeding (at least twice)
Efforts of AKRSP(I) in promoting SRI practices Efforts of AKRSP(I) in promoting SRI practices
Awareness campaigns (Jhumbesh Yatra)
Field-based trainings or demonstrations
Information dissemination through resource farmers and
extension Vvolunteers
Exposure visits to immersion sites
Objectives of the study Objectives of the study
To document factors affecting continued
adoption of SRI
To assess if there is a particular sub-set of
practices that farmers give up but retain
others over the years
To understand how crop yield under SRI on
the same plot behaves over years
MethodologyMethodology
Population : Tribal farmers from Dediapada, Sagbara, Valia
(Netrang) and Mandvi blocks who have undergone SRI
practice at least once
Sampling method: A convenience-based stratified sampling
was used where the farmers were stratified based on the
following categories: rainfed, irrigated, as well as those who
are continuing to adopt SRI, and those who dropped out.
Sample size : 331
Primary data collection : interview schedule
Interview period: mid-February to March 2012
Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations
LF - Landholding more than 3.25 haMF - Landholding more than 2 ha and less than 3.25 ha SF - Landholding more than 1 ha and less than 2 ha MGF - Landholding less than 1 ha
Classification of sample farmers based on number of years they have been practicing SRI
Type of Farmer
Doing SRI for less than 3
years(Disadopters)
Doing SRI for 3 or
more years(Adopters) Total
Large Farmer (LF) 5 4 9
Medium Farmer(MF) 4 6 10
Marginal Farmer (MGF) 102 105 207
Small Farmer(SF) 43 62 105
Grand Total 154 177 331
% of total 47% 53% 100.00
Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations Profile of Adopters, Non-Adopters and Disadopters
Characteristics Adopters DisadoptersIrrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed
Sample Size 162 15 114 40
Avg. Landholding (ha.) 1.13 0.86 0.97 1.07
Avg. Cultivated Area (ha.)
0.41 0.40 0.38 0.53
Avg. SRI Area (ha.) 0.41 0.40 0.29 0.29
Avg. Conventional Paddy Area (ha.)
0.39 0.30 0.46 0.70
Avg. Person-months of Migration
1.88 1.00 1.39 1.53
Avg. Age of Respondent
41.18 46.27 43.94 48.50
Avg. Years of Education
4.59 4.80 5.81 4.45
Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations Paddy Cultivation Practices and Yields
Characteristics Adopters Dis-Adopters
Irrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed
Seed application (2 kgs/ac)(% following norms) 48.57 1.90 37.14 12.38
Avg. seed application rate 4.83 7.22 5.85 7.99
Spacing (% following norms) 55.49 2.89 34.68 6.94
Transplanting age(% following norms) 61.22 6.12 28.57 4.08
Avg. transplanting age 17.98 17.33 18.56 17.83
Seedings per hill (% following norms) 50.54 4.69 33.94 10.83
Avg. seedlings per hill 1.15 1.13 1.17 1.10
Weeding (% following norms) 50.78 4.65 32.17 12.40
Frequency of weeding 1.88 1.80 1.84 1.83
Water management (% following norms)
69.12 0.74 29.41 0.74
Avg. cash expenditure per Ha. 3657 2670 4224 2438
Avg. paddy yield over the last 3 years (in quintals/acre) 14.92 12.95 7.82 3.98
Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations Combination of practices for adopters
Combination of Practices Total Spacing Young TP AWD Seedling/hill Weeding
00000 4
00040 6 6
00005 5 5
10000 1 1
12000 1 1 1
10300 2 2 2
10040 5 5 5
10005 5 5 5
02040 1 1 1
00340 7 7 7
00305 2 2 2
00045 25 25 25
12040 1 1 1 1
10305 4 4 4 4
10045 20 20 20 20
02045 4 4 4 4
10340 4 4 4 4
00345 18 18 18 18
12340 2 2 2 2 2
10345 36 36 36 36 36
12045 4 4 4 4 4
02345 4 4 4 4 4
12345 16 16 16 16 16 16
Grand Total 177 101 33 95 153 143
Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations
Motivation for SRI Adoption
Characteristics Adopters Disadopters
Irrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed
Sample Size 162 15 114 40
Average Score
Monetary incentive (Rs. 250)
1.84 2.07 1.72 1.30
Higher production 4.37 4.40 4.07 2.88
Lower expenditure 2.73 3.07 2.56 2.03
Possible in rainfed conditions
1.86 3.60 1.77 1.98
Findings and data interpretationsFindings and data interpretations
Constraints in SRI Adoption
Characteristics Adopters Disadopters
Irrigators Rainfed Irrigators Rainfed
Sample Size 162 15 114 40
Average Score
Doubts on overall SRI technique 1.12 1.20 1.30 1.88
Difficulty in nursery bed preparation & transplantation (10-14 days plants)
2.94 2.33 3.10 2.43
Difficulty in managing the lines as well as spacing between plants 2.64 3.13 3.11 3.35
Labour shortages 3.28 2.60 3.49 3.33
Lack of technical support from the extension officer 1.94 1.93 2.23 2.33
Lack of timely availability of water for field preparation (monsoon) 2.85 4.00 3.04 3.50
Lack of awareness among the labors about transplantation technique 2.61 3.60 2.82 3.08
Recommendations Recommendations
Seed treatment should be ensured to increase the quality of seedlings
To maintain the spacing , a wooden marker could be promoted within a
group of five farmers to maintain the 25 cm X 25 cm spacing
Although raised bed preparation is practiced, bed preparation could be
phased in a gap of 3 – 4 days in three parts to maintain the transplantation
period to 12 – 15 days and rule out the risk of delayed monsoon
Cono-weeder to be promoted in groups to encourage weeding practices,
which will ultimately also ensure to maintain proper spacing between the
seedlings
Promoting “amrut jal” for treatment of seeds and spraying, which could
reduce pest attack and would also reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers