120230447 chaffee test questions doc
TRANSCRIPT
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TEST QUESTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Philosophy, literally defined, means:
A love of knowledge.
B love of wisdom.C love of rhetoric.
critical thinking.
! none of the a"ove
B
#. $f the following, which is not considered a %&ality of a critical thinker'
A open(minded
B mentally activeC self(aware
passionate! none of the a"ove
!
) *he <imate aim of philosophy is:
A complete li"erty of the mind.
B to achieve independence of any pre+&dice.
C to "ecome moral. freedom.
! all of the a"ove!
-hich of the following are considered ded&ctive arg&ment forms'
A mod&s ponensB dis+&nctive syllogism
C ca&sal reasoning
generaliations
! A and B!
/ *he "ranch of philosophy that considers %&estions a"o&t what we can and cannotknow is:
A metaphysics.
B epistemology.C ethics.
logic.
! all of the a"ove
B
#
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0 *he "ranch of philosophy that st&dies "ea&ty, art and, taste is:
A metaphysics.
B ethics.C aesthetics.
logic.
! B and CC
*he "ranch of philosophy that st&dies moral val&es and principles is:A metaphysics.
B epistemology.
C ethics.
none of the a"ove! all of the a"ove
C
2 $f the following, which is not considered a ca&sal fallacy'A %&estiona"le ca&se
B post hoc ergo propter hocC slippery slope
hasty generaliation
! none of the a"ove
3 $f the following, which is not considered a fallacy of relevance'
A appeal to a&thorityB appeal to emotion
C red herring
appeal to personal attack! none of the a"ove
!
14. $f the following, which is a form of an ind&ctive arg&ment'
A ca&sal reasoning
B empirical generaliation
C mod&s tollens A and B
! B and C
)
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True/False Questions
1. 5t&dying philosophy allows one to confront deeper %&estions of the world andlife. *
#. Philosophy helps st&dents enrich their &nderstanding of the world and their own
lives. *). A categorical syllogism is considered a type of ind&ctive arg&ment. 6
. Critical thinking is a skill that allows people to "lindly accept the thinking of
others. 6/. *here is no difference "etween having a philosophy and doing philosophy. 6
0. Ca&sal reasoning is considered a type of ind&ctive arg&ment. *
. !thics is the st&dy of the <imate characteristics of reality and e7istence. 6
2. 8ogic is the "ranch of philosophy that seeks to esta"lish the r&les for correctreasoning, clear &nderstanding, and valid arg&ments. *
3. *he str&ct&re of an arg&ment is a gro&p of statements in which there are certain
statements offered in s&pport of another statement. *
14. 9&ssell arg&ed that there is a"sol&tely no val&e in st&dying philosophy. 6
Matching Questions
Match the ranch o! philosoph" #ith the $e!inition%
A metaphysics
B epistemology
C ethics
aesthetics! logic
1 *he st&dy of the <imate characteristics of reality or e7istence. A
2 *he st&dy of moral val&es and principles. C
3 *he "ranch of philosophy that seeks to esta"lish the r&les for correct reasoning
and valid arg&ments. !
4 *he st&dy to knowledge. B
5 *he st&dy of "ea&ty, art, and taste.
Short Ans#er Questions
1 8ist the %&alities of a critical thinker:
# $&tline the process of critical thinking:
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Chapter T#o
Multiple Choice Questions
1 A method &sing dynamic %&estions and intellect&al analysis is known as:
A rhetoric.B 5ocratic method.
C critical thinking.
all of the a"ove! none of the a"ove
B
# Pre(5ocratic philosophers attempted to &nderstand the world and life thro&gh:A reason and o"servation.
B s&perstition and myth.
C rhetoric.
all of the a"ove! none of the a"ove
A
) *he sophists e7hi"ited which of the following characteristics:
A relativism.B skepticism.
C egotism.
pragmatism.
! all of the a"ove!
According to 5ocrates, is considered the identity of the person.A "ody
B psyche
C ar;te episteme
! all of the a"ove
B
/ Arte is the
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0 Epistemeis the
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True/False Questions
1 >rony is a form of rhetoric that has at least two conflicting levels of meaning. *# *he goal of dialectic is to achieve a shallow, vag&e, nonrational &nderstanding of
the most significant areas of h&man e7perience. 6
). 5ocrates "elieved that the tr&th lies within each of &s. * 5ocrates "elieved that it was "etter to s&ffer wickedness than to commit it. *
/ 5ocrates "elieved that no one &nknowingly does evil. 6
0 5ocrates "elieved that we sho&ld strive for e7cellence in some areas of life. 6 5ocrates was committed to making o&r actions reflect o&r convictions. *
2 *hales arg&ed that water is the primary s&"stance. *
3 =eraclit&s arg&ed that all things are in a constant state of change and the &niverse
is governed "y logos. *14 Parmenides arg&ed that reality is changing. 6
Matching Questions
Match the pre&Socratic philosopher #ith their elie!%
A *hales
B Ana7imenesC =eraclit&s
emocrit&s
! Ana7agoras
6 Pythagoras< Parmenides
= 5ocrates
1 9eality is &nchanging and eternal and change is an ill&sion. t is material.
?one of the a"ove.! All of the a"ove.
A
# According to Plato, the so&l consists of:A reason.
B physical appetite.
C spirit.
all of the a"ove! none of the a"ove
) According to escartes, what is the manner in which to seek tr&th'
A st&dy philosophyB method of do&"t
C st&dy mathematics and geometry
st&dy physiology
! none of the a"oveB
According to escartes, the so&l is governed "y:A
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0 -ho arg&ed that there is no self'
A 5ocrates
B escartesC 8ocke
=&me
! ant
-ho arg&ed that we constr&ct the self'A 5ocrates
B escartes
C 8ocke
=&me! ant
!
2 -ho arg&ed that mental states are "rain states'A ant
B =&meC B&ddhist philosophy
Ch&rchland
! 9yle
3 -ho arg&ed that the self is insepara"le from the "odys physiology'
A 5ocratesB escartes
C 8ocke
9yle! none of the a"ove
14 *he B&ddhist conception of anattaincl&des all of the following elements e7cept:
A physical form.
B sensation.
C dispositions to act. conscio&sness.
! permanence.
!
3
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11 Ch&rchland arg&ed that will "e eliminated once advances in
ne&roscience develop a voca"&lary that will ena"le &s to "e o"+ective a"o&t
conscio&sness and h&man e7perience.A physiology
B religion
C folk psychology all of the a"ove
! none of the a"ove
C
True/False Questions
1 According to Plato, the so&l is not capa"le of knowing the 6orms. 6
# escartes "elieved the self was d&alistic. *
) Daterialism is the view that the &niverse is e7plaina"le in terms of the physical
laws. * !mpiricism is the epistemological view that sense e7perience is the primary
so&rce of all knowledge. */ 9ationalism is the epistemological view that reason and sense e7perience provide
knowledge. *
0 Phenomenologists arg&e that the self is p&rely physical. 6 !liminative materialists arg&e that the self consists of mental and physical
components. 6
2 Phenomenology attempts to clarify o&r &nderstanding of e7perience and how we
e7perience the world. *3 ant arg&es that the self transcends the senses and &nifies o&r e7periences. *
14 Ch&rchland "elieved a new ne&roscience voca"&lary will ena"le &s to
comm&nicate clearly a"o&t conscio&sness and h&man e7perience. *
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Matching Questions
Match the philosopher #ith the 'ie# o! #hat the sel! is%
A 5ocrates
B escartesC 8ocke
=&me
! ant6 Derlea&(Ponty
< Ch&rchland
1 *he so&l is the self and it is immortal. A# *he "rain is the self. n Eaggars arg&ments, emotions provide what'
A knowledge
B annihilate lifeC life with meaning
all of the a"ove
! none of the a"oveC
01
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True/False Questions
1 9ationalists arg&e that we enter the world with innate knowledge. *# !mpiricists arg&e that we can achieve gen&ine knowledge independent of sense
e7perience. 6
) 6or 8ocke, o"+ects in the world consist of primary and secondary %&alities. * 6or Berkeley, o"+ects in the world e7ist. 6
/ 5&"+ective >dealism is the "elief that only ideas and conscio&s minds have act&al
e7istence. *0 6or =&me, the logical concl&sion of empiricism is skepticism. *
6or ant, the no&menal world is perceiva"le. 6
2 -hen one perceives, one selects, organies, and interprets ones e7periences. *
3 >t is not possi"le to develop informed "eliefs thro&gh critical thinking. 614 By developing informed "eliefs, individ&als can constr&ct an enlightened ethical
perspective, develop a tho&ghtf&l approach to religion, and develop a
sophisticated and integrated view of reality. *
Matching Questions
Match the philosopher #ith their episte(ological 'ie#%
A escartes
B 8ocke
C Berkeley
=&me! ant
6 Eaggar
1 nowledge of e7ternal world "egins with the method of do&"t. A
# All knowledge comes from e7perience. B
) !motions affect the manner in which we perceive the world. 6 All +&stifia"le "eliefs m&st "e rationally +&stified or e7perienca"le.
/ *he knowa"le world is constr&cted "y the fac<ies of the mind.
!0 *o "e is to "e perceived. C
Short Ans#er Question
1 -hat two important %&estions are necessary for developing informed "eliefs
a"o&t o&rselves and the world'
0#
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Chapter Se'en
Multiple Choice Questions
1 -ho defined religion as a means toward <imate transformation'
A 5trengB 6e&er"ach
C aly
?ishitaniA
# -ho arg&ed that religion is a h&man constr&ction, an idealied perfection'
A 5trengB 6e&er"ach
C aly
?ishitani
B
) -ho arg&ed that all religions are e7pressions of a patriarchal reality in whichwomen are placed in a s&"+&gated position'
A 5treng
B 6e&er"achC aly
?ishitani
C
-ho "elieved that religion is a vital personal %&est all m&st face when confronted
with the possi"le meaninglessness of life'
A 5trengB 6e&er"ach
C aly
?ishitani
/ 9eligions that remain tied to the original people and location from which they
developed are called:A Christianity.
B >slam.
C *aoism. >ndigeno&s sacred ways.
! none of the a"ove
0)
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0 $f the following, which religion does not "elieve in a transcendent "eing or
"eings'
A ChristianityB >slam
C E&daism
B&ddhism! =ind&ism
$f the following, which religion "elieves that so&ls can have eternal salvation d&e
to a "elief in Ees&s'
A Christianity
B >slamC E&daism
B&ddhism
! =ind&ism
A
2 $f the following, which religion "elieves that D&hammad is the last and finalprophet to receive the word of to cond&ct my life' -hat happens when > die'
! All of the a"ove
!
True/False Questions
1 5t&dying the philosophy of religion is designed to t&rn all persons into atheistsand engage persons in emotional arg&ments. 6
# 5t&dying the philosophy of religion is designed to e7pand, enrich, and deepen
yo&r &nderstanding of other religions. *) Arg&ments for the e7istence of
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/ ierkegaard arg&ed that the e7istence of ndia. A
# A monotheist religion that "elieves D&hammad is the last and final
prophet to receive the word of
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Chapter Eight
Multiple Choice Questions
1 !thical concepts incl&de:
A right and wrong.B good and "ad.
C +&st and &n+&st.
virt&e and vice.! all of the a"ove
!
# *he ethical theory that claims moral val&es depend on individ&al opinion orc<&ral norms is:
A ethical a"sol&tism.
B ethical relativism.
C ethical determinism. normative ethics.
! descriptive ethics.B
) *he ethical theory that claims moral val&es apply to all people in allcirc&mstances is:
A ethical a"sol&tism.
B ethical relativism.
C ethical determinism. normative ethics.
! descriptive ethics.
A
*he ethical theory in which the individ&al determines what is right and wrong
"ased on how the feel is:A ethical s&"+ectivism.
B c<&ral relativism.
C ethical determinism.
normative ethics.! descriptive ethics.
A
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/ *he ethical theory in which what is considered right or wrong is dependent on
societal acceptance is:
A ethical a"sol&tism.B ethical determinism.
C c<&ral relativism.
normative ethics.! descriptive ethics.
C
0 *he view that we are compelled "y o&r psychological make&p to always p&rs&e
o&r own interest is:
A ethical egoism.
B divine command theory.C empathy.
psychological egoism.
! none of the a"ove
*he ethical theory that proposes we p&rs&e o&r own happiness and self(interest is:A ethical egoism.
B divine command theory.
C empathy. psychological egoism.
! none of the a"ove
A
2 *he ethical theory that proposes we act morally when we do what
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True/False Questions
1 !thical s&"+ectivism is a recipe for moral anarchy. *# C<&ral relativism commits the nat&ralistic fallacy. *
) escriptive ethics addresses what o&ght to "e the case. 6
?ormative ethics addresses what is the case. 6/ !thical relativism denies the possi"ility of an a"sol&te, &niversal ethics. *
0 6or 9and, altr&ism and compassion are virt&es. 6
6or 9and, selfishness is virt&o&s. *2 ?at&ral 8aw ethics is the view that &niversal moral val&es can "e discovered in
nat&re "y &sing the fac<y of reason. *
3 ing, Er. arg&ed that civil diso"edience is moral if it does not conflict with =&man
8aw. 614 *here is no difference "etween st&dying morality and "eing a moral person. 6
Matching Questions
Match the concept #ith its $e!inition%
A Gal&e
B Doral val&es
C !thical 9elativism !thical 5&"+ectivism
! C<&ral 9elativism
6 !thical A"sol&tism
< escriptive ethics= ?ormative ethics
> ?at&ralistic 6allacy
1 !thical theory that claims moral val&es are determined "y c<&ral norms.
!
# eriving an o&ght from an is. >) *he term &sed to denote anything that possesses intrinsic worth given
clearly defined standards. A
!thical theory that claims some moral val&es apply to all people in all
circ&mstances. 6/ *his term addresses what is the case when disc&ssing ethical val&es.
$kin
1 A society o&ght to "e "ased on a social contract recogniing certain
inaliena"le rights for individ&als. !
# 6or there to "e meaningf&l +&stice, a radical restr&ct&ring of gender roles isnecessary. >
) 9e+ects the idea that government has the right to interfere with individ&alli"erty e7cept in those cases where the general welfare of others is
threatened. =
Arg&ed that h&mans do have the right to defend themselves and thro&ghthe &se of reason recognie the necessity of a social contract.
/ Arg&ed that man is a political creat&re "y nat&re. C
0 Believed society consisted of three classes: philosopher(kings, g&ardians,
and workers. B eveloped a view of society that has dominated Chinese c<&re.
A
2 Arg&ed that capitalism is flawed.