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  • 8/3/2019 120-Taks Oer Second Edition Sample

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    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Text Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Readingvidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient RubrSpecific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    IdeaSufficient

    Scoringssessment TAKS Change

    CrossoverTheme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis Idea

    Sufficientssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Nowwi

    moreexpo

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    TAKS

    Response Guide

    Grades 911 Exit

    Open-Ended

    Second Edition

    SAMPLE

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    IntroductIon.1

    understandIngtherubrIcs.5TAKS Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses Grades 911 ...................................8

    Lesson: Introducing the Rubrics: Chocolate Rubric Summary .........................................10

    Lesson: Understanding the Rubrics: AIM for Open-Ended Response Success ............19

    Lesson: Using the Rubrics: You Be the Judge .....................................................................24

    PreParIng students. 31

    Lesson: Types of Evidence: Echoes of Evidence ..........................................................37

    Lesson: Connecting Textual Evidence: Building a Case ....................................................80

    Lesson: Connecting Themes: Keepin It Real .................................................................86

    Lesson: Literary Conict: Conict Breeds Conict ...........................................................90Lesson: The Crossover Item: Star-CROSSed Lovers .........................................................97

    Lesson: Characterization: Shadows of the Past ............................................................... 102

    Lesson: The Change Question: The Winds of Change .................................................. 107

    Lesson: Evaluating Point of View: Reliving the Past ...................................................... 111

    Lesson: Diction: One Word, One Daughter ..................................................................... 115

    Lesson: Expository Characterization: Gifts of Love ...................................................... 119

    teacher toolkIt. 125

    Incorporating the Open-Ended Item Into the Classroom ............................................. 127

    Pairing Works ......................................................................................................................... 127

    Creating Questions for Practice .......................................................................................... 129Test Format ............................................................................................................................ 132

    Middle School Alignment Suggestions .............................................................................. 134

    aPPendIces. 137

    Appendix A: Additional Passages and Student Samples ................................................. 139

    Appendix B: Close Reading Checklist ................................................................................ 174

    Appendix C: Open-Ended Response Checklists .............................................................. 175

    Appendix D: Types of Evidence ........................................................................................ 178Appendix E: Style Guide ...................................................................................................... 179

    Appendix F: Literary Techniques Glossary ....................................................................... 180

    references. 189

    Table of Contents

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    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient RubrSpecific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    IdeaSufficient

    Scoringssessment TAKS Change

    CrossoverTheme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Conflict

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

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    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

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    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Introduction

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    WHAT ARE THE OPEN-ENDED READING ITEMS FOUND ON THE TEXAS

    ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (TAKS) READING TEST FOR

    GRADE 9 AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS TESTS FOR GRADES 10

    AND 11 EXIT LEVEL?

    The TAKS open-ended items (also called short-answer items) are three questions that

    require the student to write a brief response (called the open-ended response). These items

    are based upon the thematically-linked literary and expository reading selections of theTAKS assessment. The open-ended items do not address the viewing and representing piece

    of the TAKS assessment, although this third component of the triplet is linked thematically

    to the literary and expository selections.

    The rst open-ended item addresses the literary selectiona published literary

    work or an excerpt from a published work.

    The second open-ended item addresses the expository selectiona published

    informational or expository work or an excerpt from a published work.

    Since the literary and expository pieces are thematically linked, the third open-

    ended item, or crossover item, addresses both the literary and expository

    selections.

    WHAT SKILLS ARE ASSESSED THROUGH THE OPEN-ENDED READING

    ITEMS?

    The literary open-ended item assesses TAKS Objective 2, which states, The student will

    demonstrate an understanding of effects of literary elements and techniques in culturally

    diverse written texts (TEA, 2004, p. 5). The expository and crossover open-ended items

    both assess TAKS Objective 3, which states, The student will demonstrate the ability to

    analyze and critically evaluate culturally diverse written texts and visual representations

    (TEA, 2004, p. 5). All three open-ended items address the Texas Essential Knowledgeand Skills (TEKS) statement and student expectation numbered 10B: Reading/literary

    response. The student expresses and supports responses to various types of texts. The

    student is expected to use elements of text to defend, clarify, and negotiate responses and

    interpretations (TEA, 2004, pp. 14 and 16). Although the open-ended item is linked to

    TEKS 10B, allof the reading TEKS must be taught. Many describe the foundational skills

    that are essential for student success on the TAKS-tested TEKS.

    In the lessons included in this manual, the TEKS statements and student expectations that

    are listed are taken from English III. While the language in these objectives sometimes

    differs slightly in the English I and English II TEKS, an easy correlation can be made.

    WHAT ARE STUDENTS EXPECTED TO DO WHEN RESPONDING TO THE

    OPEN-ENDED ITEMS?

    Open-ended items require students to generate clear, reasonable ideas about various

    aspects of a text and to support these ideas with relevant evidence from the text (TEA,

    2004, p. 7). There is no right way to write an open-ended response, though elements of

    the high-scoring responses share similar characteristics. The TAKS Reading Rubrics for the

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    Open-Ended Responses show that successful responses provide a reasonable idea or an

    analysis that is supported with relevant and accurate evidence that validates that idea. When

    responding to the Objective 2 literary selection open-ended item, students must write a

    short response analyzing how literary elements, literary techniques, or figurative language

    function in a story (TEA, 2004, p. 14). In the open-ended items assessing Objective 3,

    students must write a short response analyzing or evaluating some aspect of the expository

    selection or some aspect of text common to or based upon both selections (TEA, 2004,p. 16).

    Writing a TAKS open-ended response requires close reading and careful planning. Students

    are given only a limited amount of space to write their answers, so every word must be

    essential and relevant in these brief responses (TEA, 2004, p. 7). Five lines are provided to

    respond to each item that addresses only one of the selections, and eight lines are provided

    to respond to items that range across the two selections.

    Teaching the students to write full paragraphs, complete with introductory or topic

    sentences, elaboration, and concluding sentences, often causes the students to generalizetoo much. Students need to know that the validity of their answers, together with the

    applicability of their chosen support, must be their focus when responding to an open-

    ended item. Any prescribed formula or pattern of sentences just obscures the true intent of

    these open-ended items. This type of reading and planning is the skill students must learn

    in order to move beyond the literal meaning of a text, develop the deeper understanding

    necessary to think critically about what they read, connect what they know to new

    information, and become independent thinkers (TEA, 2004, p. 16).

    HOW ARE TAKS OPEN-ENDED RESPONSES ASSESSED?Reading rubrics are used to assess the TAKS open-ended (short-answer) items. There is a

    separate reading rubric for each open-ended item. The students response to each item is

    scored based on content; writing conventions are not taken into consideration unless the

    frequency and/or severity of errors causes clarity problems (TEA, 2004, p. 7). Possible

    responses must come from insidethe text. If a students response is one that indicates an

    incorrect reading of the story (e.g., lack of plot understanding), then it is impossible to find

    evidence that can be used as support. The distinction between conceptand contextis crucial.

    The conceptof the student response is judged. A teacher should ask, Has the student

    correctly responded to the question with a reasonable idea and connected textual evidence

    that validates that idea? The contextualarrangement of the response is not part of therubric. There is no magic number or arrangement of sentences described in the rubric, nor

    are specific writing skills included.

    Possible scores for each open-ended response are 0 (insufficient response), 1 (partially

    sufficient response), 2 (sufficient response), and 3 (exemplary response). The maximum

    points available for each response is equivalent to three multiple-choice items, providing a

    possible total of nine points for all three open-ended items.

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    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient RubrSpecific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    Idea

    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

    Paraphr

    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

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    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

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    Insufficient Rubr

    Specific Synopsis

    Liter

    Exemplary

    IdeaSufficient

    Scoringssessment TAKS Change

    CrossoverTheme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

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    Insufficient Rubr

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    Sufficient

    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Conflict

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Partially Sufficient Direct Quote Close Reading

    vidence Expository

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    Exemplary

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    Scoring

    ssessment TAKS Change

    Crossover

    Theme

    Prediction

    Literary Technique

    Analysis

    Interpretation

    Conflict

    onclusion

    Character Trait Figurative Expression

    Characteristics of text

    0 1 2 3 Creating QuestionsTest Format

    Understanding

    the Rubrics

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    Understanding

    TheRubri cs

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    WHAT ARE THE TAKS READING RUBRICS?

    The TAKS Reading Rubrics are powerful instructional tools that clarify expectations

    through explicitly worded descriptions for each score point. Studying the rubrics that are

    used to score the open-ended responses will help teachers and students understand the

    qualities necessary for a successful response. The TAKS Reading Rubrics used to score each

    of the three open-ended items can be found on the next two pages of this manual. The

    three rubrics have been compressed into a two-page chart with major differences betweenscore points in bold print. The purpose of this rubric format is to promote increased

    understanding for both teachers and students of the criteria by which the responses to the

    open-ended items are scored. In Appendix C, checklists derived from the language of the

    rubrics are included for student use, either individually or in peer-editing situations.

    Three rubrics, one for each type of item, are provided by Texas Education Agency (2004).

    The rubric for the literary response requires that a students answer must either offer a

    theme, character trait, conflict, or change or must analyze a literary technique or

    figurative expression. The response must be supported with accurate and relevant

    textual evidence. The rubric for the expository response requires that a students answermust either offer a conclusion, interpretation, or prediction or must offer an analysis

    or evaluation of a characteristic of the text. The response must be supported with

    accurate and relevant textual evidence. The rubric for the literary/expository crossover

    response requires that a students answer must offer a conclusion, interpretation,or predictionfrombothselections or must offer an analysis or evaluation of a

    characteristic ofbothselections. The response must be supported with accurate and

    relevant textual evidence from bothselections. Textual evidence for the three open-

    ended responses may consist of a direct quotation, a paraphrase, or a specific synopsis.

    In her book, Creating Writers Through 6-Trait Writing Assessment and Instruction, Vicki Spandel

    (2001) gives the rationale for teaching students the language of rubrics: Students who

    are taught to use criteria know when they are doing well, without waiting for outside

    confirmation, and when things go wrong, they know what to do about it (p. 5). Teachers

    are constantly answering the questions, Hey, Miss, does this sound right? and Would you

    read this and tell me if its good? Teachers are providing that outside confirmation that

    Spandel refers to in this quotation.

    After students have learned the basic structure of the TAKS Reading Rubrics, teachers

    should provide practice in using the rubrics. This practice will help students internalize therubrics language and expectations. Giving the students the power to score and evaluate

    responses will encourage their confidence as self-assessors.

    The TAKS Reading Rubrics, found on the next two pages, are followed by three possible

    lessons to familiarize students with the qualities expected in their responses to the TAKS

    open-ended items. These lessons will enable students to focus on what is expected in the

    responses, allowing them to produce effective responses to open-ended items.

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    Evidence may consist of a direct quotation, a paraphrase, or a specic synopsis. Words or phrases in boldface identify

    major differences between score points.TAKS Reading Rubrics, Texas Education Agency, 2004

    Score Point 3

    In exemplary responses, the student

    Score Point 2

    In sufcient responses, the student

    must offer aparticularly thoughtful or insightful theme, character

    trait, conict, or change and strongly support it with accurate/relevant textual evidencemust offer aparticularly thoughtful or insightful analysis of aliterary technique or gurative expression and strongly support itwithaccurate/relevant textual evidence

    In addition, exemplary responses must demonstrate the studentsdepth of understanding and ability to effectively connect textual

    evidence to the idea or analysis.

    must offer a reasonable theme, character trait, conict, or change andsupport it with accurate/relevant textual evidencemust offer a reasonable analysis of a literary technique or gurativeexpression and support it with accurate/relevant textual evidence

    In addition, sufficient responses must be clear and specific.

    must offer aparticularly thoughtful or insightful conclusion,interpretation, or prediction and strongly support it with accurate/relevant textual evidencemust offer aparticularly thoughtful or insightful analysis or

    evaluation of a characteristic of the text and strongly support it withaccurate/relevant textual evidence

    In addition, exemplary responses showstrong evidence of the studentsdepth of understanding and ability to effectively connect textual

    evidence to the idea, analysis, or evaluation.

    must draw a reasonable conclusion, offer a reasonable interpretation,or make a reasonable prediction and must support it with accurate/relevant textual evidencemust offer a reasonable analysis or evaluation of a characteristic of

    the selection and must support it with accurate/relevant textualevidence

    In addition, sufficient responses must be clear and specific.

    must offer aparticularly thoughtful or insightful conclusion,interpretation, or prediction based on both selections and stronglysupport it with accurate/relevant textual evidence from both

    selectionsmust offer aparticularly thoughtful or insightful analysis orevaluation of a characteristic of text based on both selections andstrongly support it with accurate/relevant textual evidence fromboth selections

    In addition, exemplary responses indicate that the student is able tomake meaningful connections across selections. These responsesshowstrong evidence of the students depth of understanding andability to effectively connect textual evidence to the idea, analysis, or

    evaluation.

    must draw a reasonable conclusion, offer a reasonable interpretation,or make a reasonable prediction based on both selections and mustsupport it with accurate/relevant textual evidence from both

    selectionsmust offer a reasonable analysis or evaluation of a characteristic oftext based on both selections and must support it with accurate/relevant textual evidence from both selections

    In addition, sufficient responses indicate that the student is able to makeclear and specific connections across selection.

    ReadingRubricLiteraryS

    election

    Objective2

    ReadingRubricExpositoryS

    election

    Objective3

    ReadingRub

    ricLiterary/ExpositoryCrossover

    Objective3

    TAKS Reading Rubrics for

    Open-Ended Responses Grades 911

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    Score Point 1

    Inpartially sufcient responses, the student

    Score Point 0

    In insufcient responses, the student

    may offer a reasonable theme, character trait, conict, or change butprovide onlygeneral, incomplete, or partially accurate/relevanttextual evidence or provide no textual evidence at allmay offer a reasonable analysis of a literary technique or gurativeexpression butprovide onlygeneral, incomplete, or partiallyaccurate/relevant textual evidence orprovide no textual evidenceat allmay offer a reasonable idea or analysis and mayprovide textualevidence, but this evidence is onlyweakly connected to the idea oranalysismay offer accurate/relevant textual evidencewithout providing anidea or analysis

    In addition, partially sufficient responses may be somewhat unclear orvague.

    may offer an incorrect theme, character trait, conict, or changemay offer a theme, character, conict, or change that is too general or

    vague to determine whether it is reasonablemay incorrectly analyze a literary technique or gurative expressionmay offer an analysis that is too general or vague to determine

    whether it is reasonablemay present only aplot summarymay not address the question in any way or may answer a differentquestion than the one askedmay offer onlyincomplete or irrelevant textual evidence

    In addition, insufficient responses may lack clarity.

    may draw a reasonable conclusion, offer a reasonable interpretation,or make a reasonable prediction that is supported only bygeneral,incomplete, or partially accurate/relevant textual evidence or

    provide no textual evidence at all

    may offer a reasonable analysis or evaluation of a characteristic ofthe text that is supported only bygeneral, incomplete, or partiallyaccurate/relevant textual evidence orprovide no textual evidenceat allmay offer a reasonable idea, analysis, or evaluation and mayprovidetextual evidence, but this evidence is onlyweakly connected to theidea, analysis, or evaluationmay offer accurate/relevant textual evidencewithout drawinga conclusion, offering an interpretation, making a prediction, orproviding an analysis or evaluation

    In addition, partially sufficient responses may be somewhat unclear orvague.

    may draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat is not based on the textmay draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat does not address the question

    may draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat is not reasonablemay draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat is too general or vague to determine whether it is reasonablemay incorrectly analyze or evaluate a characteristic of the textmay not address the question in any way or may answer a differentquestion than the one askedmay offer onlyincomplete or irrelevant textual evidence

    In addition, insufficient responses may lack clarity.

    may draw a reasonable conclusion, offer a reasonable interpretation,or make a reasonable prediction based on both selections butsupported only bygeneral, incomplete, or partially accurate/

    relevant textual evidence from one or both selectionsmay draw a reasonable conclusion, offer a reasonable interpretation,or make a reasonable prediction based on both selections but mayoffer textual support from only one selection or may offer notextual support at allmay offer a reasonable analysis or evaluation of a characteristic oftext based on both selections that is supported only bygeneral,incomplete, or partially accurate/relevant textual evidence fromone or both selectionsmay offer a reasonable analysis or evaluation of a characteristic oftext based on both selections but may offer textual support fromonlyone selection or may offer no textual support at allmay offer a reasonable idea, analysis, or evaluation based on bothselections and mayprovide textual evidence from both selections,but this evidence is onlyweakly connected to the idea, analysis, orevaluationmay offer accurate/relevant textual evidence from both selectionsbut may draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, make a prediction,orprovide an analysis or evaluation based on onlyone selectionmay offer accurate/relevant textual evidence from both selections

    without drawing a conclusion, offering an interpretation, making aprediction, or providing an analysis or evaluation

    In addition, partially sufficient responses may be somewhat unclearor vague or may indicate that the student has difficulty makingconnections across selections.

    may draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat is not based on the selectionsmay draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a prediction

    that does not address the questionmay draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat is not reasonablemay draw a conclusion, offer an interpretation, or make a predictionthat is too general or vague to determine whether it is reasonablemay incorrectly analyze or evaluate a characteristic of text based onboth selectionsmay not address the question in any way or may answer a differentquestion than the one askedmay offer onlyincomplete or irrelevant textual evidence from oneor both selections

    In addition, insufficient responses may lack clarity.

    ReadingRubricLiteraryS

    election

    Objective2

    ReadingRubricExpositoryS

    election

    Objective3

    ReadingRub

    ricLiterary/ExpositoryCrossover

    Objective3

    Evidence may consist of a direct quotation, a paraphrase, or a specic synopsis. Words or phrases in boldface identify

    major differences between score points.TAKS Reading Rubrics, Texas Education Agency, 2004

    TAKS Reading Rubrics for

    Open-Ended Responses Grades 911

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    U n d e r s t a n d i n g

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    TEKS OBJECTIVES:

    proofread writing for appropriateness of organization, content, style, and

    conventions

    evaluate writing for both mechanics and content

    RATIONALE:

    Rubrics provide a powerful instructional tool and can crystallize an assignment

    for the teacher and for the student. The act of creating and then teaching a rubricencourages clear and well-dened expectations. With the use of a rubric, teaching

    is targeted; student performance is focused. This lesson encapsulates the major

    elements of the TAKS Reading Rubrics.

    MATERIALS:

    1 almond

    1 Hersheys Kiss

    1 Hersheys Chocolate Bar with Almonds

    1 Toblerone Bar

    Hersheys Nuggets with Almonds (one per student)

    Bag or backpack (for hiding all candy until appropriate moments)

    Transparency of TAKS Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses

    Grades 911 (pp. 89 in this manual, also one printed copy per student)

    Open-Ended Response Rubric Summary (one per student)

    Transparencies of individual score points

    To produce the following materials for this lesson, a grade-level appropriate

    TAKS Scoring Guide is needed. This guide can be found at http:\\www.tea.state.

    tx.us/student.assessment/resources/release/taks/index.htmlTransparencies of the open-ended items

    Transparencies of the student samples

    PRESENTATION GUIDELINES:

    Explain the scoring of the TAKS open-ended responses to students. Tell themthat a response must include a reasonable idea with connected textual evidence.

    Inform students that the open-ended items assess their reading abilities.

    Discuss that the student responses are scored solely based on content, unless

    the frequency or severity of convention errors causes clarity problems. Explain

    that the literary, expository, and literary/expository crossover items are each

    equivalent to three of the TAKS Reading multiple-choice items.

    Introducing the Rubrics:

    CHOCOLATE RUBRIC SUMMARY

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    Understanding

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    Briey show students the TAKS Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses

    Grades 911 transparency. While students will probably not be able to thoroughly

    read the rubric on the overhead due to the small font size, the goal is for students

    to notice the thorough detail of the rubrics. Give students copies of the TAKS

    Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses Grades 911 and the Open-Ended

    Response Rubric Summary. Tell the students that while the complete TAKS

    Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses Grades 911 will be used for dailyclassroom instruction, the Open-Ended Response Rubric Summary will be used

    for student self-assessment. Explain that by using this summary, students will be

    able to truly evaluate the content of their answers.

    Show the individual score point 0 transparency on the overhead. Tell students to

    imagine that it is 3:00 in the afternoon. Ask them if they are hungry. Ask them if

    they still have three hours of band, athletics, or homework to do before dinner.

    Ask, What if I told you that you would not be allowed to have a snack? Say,

    This would be an Insufcientsituation, wouldnt it? Then explain that an open-

    ended reading response can receive a score point 0 for three basic reasons: theresponse is incorrect, is too general or vague, or is a mere plot summary (for

    the literary response). Put the transparency of the TAKS Reading Rubrics for

    Open-Ended Responses Grades 911 on the overhead and review the types of

    responses that qualify for a score point 0. Have students follow the review using

    their own copies.

    Display the individual score point 1 transparency on the overhead. Remind

    students that two connected basic elements must be present in their open-ended

    responses: analysis, a thoughtful answer to the question, and evidence, the

    proof from the text that supports their analysis. Hold up the Hersheys Kiss andthe almond. Ask students, What if I offered you these for an afternoon snack?

    Wouldnt they trick your taste buds for just a little while? Explain that this is

    equivalent to a Partially Sufcientsnack. Tell them, Im holding two separate bites.

    The almond would be dry and crunchy; the chocolate would melt in your mouthbut would make you want more. Explain that an open-ended reading response

    can receive a score point 1 for three basic reasons: the response is an analysis

    only, the response is evidence only, or there is an unclear connection between

    the analysis and the evidence. A score point 1 answer is missing one of the two

    connected basic elements that must be present in an open-ended response. Put

    the transparency of the TAKS Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses

    Grades 911 on the overhead and review the types of responses that qualify for a

    score point 1. Have the students follow the review using their own copies.

    Display the individual score point 2 transparency on the overhead. Ask the

    students to repeat the two basic elements of an open-ended reading response

    analysis (chocolate) and evidence (almond). Hold up the Hersheys Chocolate Bar

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    with Almonds. Discuss if this might be a Sufcientsnack at 3:00 in the afternoon.

    Have a student read aloud the yellow letters from the candy bar wrapper, Milk

    Chocolate with Almonds. Ask students if both basic elements (chocolate and

    almond) are present. If you were to take a decent, 3:00-in-the-afternoon-got-

    a-while-before-dinner bite, would you get both chocolate and almonds? Are

    these ingredients connected? Can your tongue still tell the difference between

    the two? Discuss that the chocolate simply melts, but the almonds still need alittle chewing. Explain that an open-ended response will receive a score point 2

    if both elements, analysis and evidence, are present, and the connection between

    those elements is clear. Put the transparency of the TAKS Reading Rubrics for

    Open-Ended Responses Grades 911 on the overhead and review the types of

    responses that qualify for a score point 2. Have students follow the review using

    their own copies.

    Display the individual score point 3 transparency on the overhead. Ask the

    students to repeat in unison the two basic elements of an open-ended reading

    response. A good open-ended response has analysis and evidence that areconnected. Ask, If this is only a sufcient response, what else do you need

    for an exemplary response? Hold up the Toblerone Bar. Have a student read

    the gold letters from the box, Swiss Milk Chocolate with Honey and Almond

    Nougat. Ask if both elements (chocolate and almond) are present. Explain to

    the students that the difference between the Toblerone Bar and the Hersheys

    Chocolate Bar with Almonds is insight and depth. Swiss milk chocolate is ahigher grade of chocolatean Exemplaryform of chocolate. Almond nougat is

    a wonderful whipped-up form of almonds that is yummily connected with the

    chocolate. Point out that when they eat a Toblerone Bar, they cannot tell where

    the chocolate ends and the almonds begin. Explain that an open-ended responsecan receive a score point 3 when it takes the analysis and/or the evidence and/

    or connection to a different, higher plane of thought. Discuss that a score

    point 3 response is fun to read, and it ows like honey. Put the transparency of

    the TAKS Reading Rubrics for Open-Ended Responses Grades 911 on the

    overhead and review the types of responses that qualify for a score point 3. Have

    the students follow the review using their own copies.

    Tell students that there is an important nugget of knowledge you want them

    to remember about open-ended responses. Pass out a Hersheys Nugget with

    Almonds to each student. Reiterate the two elements that are needed for

    an open-ended response are analysis (chocolate) and evidence (almond). Tell

    students that they need to include these two elements in their answers for both

    the literary and the expository items. Ask students, If the literary and expository

    items each need two parts to their answers, how many parts would the crossover

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    item need? Remind them that the crossover item covers both the literary and the

    expository pieces. Explain to them that there must be four parts included in the

    crossover response: analysis and evidence from each selection. Tell students that

    they must check back and review their crossover response carefully. Explain that

    an open-ended response for the crossover item will receive a score point 1 if it is

    missing one of the four parts.

    (Note to teacher: After the students understand the parts needed for the literary,

    expository, and crossover items, introduce them to the change question. Sometimes,

    the literary or expository item might ask how a character changes in the course of the

    selection. This response requires three parts to be successful: a reasonable idea or

    analysis identifying the change that occurs plus two pieces of evidence that prove the

    before and the after of the characters transformation.)

    To practice scoring open-ended responses, display transparencies of sample

    student responses from the TAKS Scoring Guide or from the students work.

    Score responses as a group. Justify each score given with language from theOpen-Ended Response Rubric Summary.

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    Open-ended.RespOnse.RubRic.summaRy

    0

    InsufcientToo general or vagueto determine whether

    it is reasonable

    ~OR~

    Incorrect

    interpretation notbased on text

    ~OR~

    Mere plot summary

    1

    Partially Sufcient

    Analysis only

    ~OR~

    Evidence only

    ~OR~

    Analysis-evidence

    connection unclearor vague

    2Sufcient

    Analysis andrelevant evidencepresent

    Analysis-evidenceconnection clearand specific

    3Exemplary

    Particularlythoughtful orinsightful analysisand/or evidence

    Analysis-evidenceconnectionshows depth ofunderstanding

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    Insufcient

    Too general or vague to

    determine whether it isreasonable

    ~OR~

    Incorrect interpretationnot based on text

    ~OR~

    Mere plot summary

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    Partially Sufcient

    Analysis only

    ~OR~

    Evidence only~OR~

    Analysis-evidenceconnection unclearor vague

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    Sufcient

    Analysis and relevant

    evidence present

    Analysis-evidence

    connection clearand specific

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    Exemplary

    Particularly thoughtful

    or insightful analysisand/or evidence

    Analysis-evidence

    connection shows depthof understanding