12 pax short course mechanical-testing
TRANSCRIPT
Mechanical Testing of Composites
2003, P. Joyce
Tests Accepted by Mil-Hdbk-17Test Category ASTM Prepreg tests Resin content Volatiles content Resin flow Resin gel time Fiber areal weight Moisture content Tack HPLC IR DMA (RDS) DSC D2539, C613 D5300 D3530 D3531 D3532 D3776 D4019 --E1252, E168 D4065, D4473 E1356 2003, P. Joyce
Source of Test Method SACMA RM 23, RM 24 -RM 22 RM 19 RM 23, RM 24 --RM 20 -RM 19 RM 25
Tests Accepted by Mil-Hdbk-17Test Category ASTM Lamina physical tests Moisture conditioning Fiber volume Resin content Void content Density Cured ply thickness Glass transition temperature (dry) Glass transition temperature (wet) CTE, out-of-plane CTE, in-plane Equilibrium moisture content Moisture diffusivity Thermal diffusivity Specific heat D5229 D3171, D2734 D3171, D2734 D2584 D792, D1505 -D4065 -E831 D696, E228 D5229 D5229 E1461 2003, P. Joyce E1269 RM 11 RM 10 RM 10 --RM 10 RM 18 RM 18 --RM 11 ---Source of Test Method SACMA
Tests Accepted by Mil-Hdbk-17Test Category ASTM Lamina/Laminate Mechanical Tests 0/Warp tension 90/Fill tension 0/Warp compression 90/Fill compression In-plane shear Interlaminar shear Short beam shear Flexure Open-Hole Compression D3039 D3039, D5450 D3410, D5467 D3410, D5449 D3518, D5448, D5379 D5379 D2344 -draft 2003, P. Joyce
Source of Test Method SACMA
RM 4, RM 9 RM 4, RM 9 RM 1, RM 6 RM 1, RM 6 RM 7 -RM 8 -RM 5
Tests Accepted by Mil-Hdbk-17Test Category ASTM Lamina/Laminate Mechanical Tests (cont.) Open-Hole Tension Single shear bearing Double-shear bearing Compression after impact Mode I fracture toughness Mode II fracture toughness Tension/tension fatigue Tension/compression fatigue D5766 draft draft draft D5528 draft D3479 -RM 5 --M2 ----Source of Test Method SACMA
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Laminate TestingASTM D638 Tensile Properties of Plastics dogbone specimen
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Laminate TestingASTM D3039 Tensile Properties of PMC MaterialsUsed for most aerospace composites
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Laminate TestingASTM D695 Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics (1942) Uses an untabbed, dogboned, flat specimen
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Laminate TestingModified D695 Compression Test MethodUses a straight sided specimen Tabbed for strength (gage length to short to instrument using strain gages) Untabbed for modulus No ASTM standard governing this method Defined in Boeing Specification Support Standard (BSS 7260, 1982) and SACMA Recommended Test Method (SRM 1-88, 1988)
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Laminate TestingModified ASTM D695 - Mil-Hdbk-17 interprets this technique to be for 0 direction properties of unidirectional coupons, and 0 and 90 properties of fabric coupons only (and then only when unit cell size of weave or braid is small.)
2003, P. Joyce
Laminate TestingASTM D3410 Compressive Properties of PMC Materials by Shear LoadingStandard for high modulus carbon fiber composites (1980s) 0.5 gage length for strain gage sometimes buckles. Tab failure also problematic.
Celanese fixture 2003, P. Joyce
Laminate TestingASTM D3410 Compressive Properties of PMC Materials by Shear LoadingStandard for high modulus carbon fiber composites (1980s) 0.5 gage length for strain gage sometimes buckles. Tab failure also problematic.
IITRI fixture 2003, P. Joyce
Laminate TestingASTM D6641 Compressive Properties using CLC Fixture (2001)Evolved out of WTF ELSS fixture Uses straight sided, untabbed specimen Not recommended for unidirectional composites
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Laminate TestingASTM D2344 Short-Beam Strength of PMC MaterialsLow cost QC test Material screening
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Laminate TestingASTM D5379 Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V Notched Beam Method (Iosipescu)
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Laminate Testing(Iosipescu method)
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Laminate TestingASTM D3518 In-plane Shear (IPS) Uses 45 laminate to extract shear properties. Strictly a shear design allowable Not used for QC
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Laminate TestingASTM D790 Flexural Properties of Un-Reinforced and Reinforced Plastics
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Laminate TestingASTM D6484 Open Hole Compressive Strength of PMC Laminates (1999) After Boeing Specification Support Standard BSS 7260, also described in SACMA Recommended Method SRM 3-88.
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Laminate TestingASTM D6742 Filled Hole Tensile/Compressive Strength ew N of PMC Laminates (2002)
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Laminate TestingCreep testingCreep is defined as the change in a property over time when subjected to a constant forcing function. Creep should be considered if the end useinvolves high stress in the matrix dominated direction high temperature or exposure to a harsh chemical environment 2003, P. Joyce
Laminate TestingCreep is especially important in composites with a thermoplastic matrix, particularly as Ts Tg Creep is expected to be small in thermoset matrix composites, due to cross-linking. Creep testing is not used to provide primary design data, rather designs should be checked for creep deformation. 2003, P. Joyce
Testing Fabric-Reinforced Textile CompositesRefer to ASTM D 6856 Standard Guide for . . . Discusses special testing considerations for textile composites.
2003, P. Joyce
Adhesives TestingASTM D1002 Single Lap Shear is the most common & industry standard test for:QC in-process inspection to verify mixing, cure, and surface preparation. Screening for materials selection.
five finger Al specimens
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Specimens machined from composite laminate
Adhesives TestingASTM D3528 Double Lap Shear minimizes peel, results in higher, more consistent shear strength.
Type A specimen Type B specimen 2003, P. Joyce
Adhesives TestingASTM D3165 Notched Lap ShearQC for large laminated assemblies (voids) Compatibility of different resin systems
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Adhesives TestingASTM D1780 Adhesive Creep Apply constant load and measure deflection of scribe marks.
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Adhesives TestingASTM D1876 Tee Peel Requires two flexible adherends (Al)
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Adhesives TestingASTM D3167 Floating Roller (Bell) Peel One rigid, one flexible adherend
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Sandwich TestingASTM C297 Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions (used as workmanship verification, unless very reliable NDE being used.)
2003, P. Joyce
Sandwich TestingASTM C393 Long Beam Flexure4 point bending produces uniform bending moment in the center section. Specimen is sized to induce compression failure in upper skin, not core shear. Also demonstrates that skin to core strength is adequate to achieve designed facesheet compression stress.
Paste Photo Here
2003, P. Joyce
Sandwich TestingASTM C393 Beam FlexurePerformed in addition to FWT on co-cured sandwich if rigorous structural requirement. Accounts for any knockdown from wrinkling/dimpling. Usually yields lower strength & modulus than solid facesheet tension or compression test.
2003, P. Joyce
Sandwich TestingMil-Std 401B Core ShearUsed to verify core splice performance. Can also be used to compare different surface preparations. Standard configuration uses0.062 Al facesheets 8.1 pcf Al core
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Sandwich TestingASTM D1781 Climbing Drum PeelUsed for characterization of adhesives for Al facesheet construction Workmanship test
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ReferencesCourse Notes, Test Methods for Composite Materials, Adams, D. (1991) Mil-Hdbk-17 Composite Materials Handbook Mil-Hdbk-23A Structural Sandwich Composites Wyoming Test Fixtures, Product Catalog No. 106 (2000) ASTM Annual Book of Standards (2001) Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, Daniel, I.M. and Ishai, O. (1994)
2003, P. Joyce