1.2 operating systems and dos

8/8/2019 1.2 Operating Systems and DOS

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Operating Systems


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Operating SystemsCommonly abbreviated as OS , O/S orkernel Interface between hardware and software in acomputer system.Responsible for the management andcoordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer

Almost all computers, including handheld comput e rs , de sktop comput e rs,sup e rcomput e rs , and even vi de o ga m eco n so le s use an operating systems of some

type.


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Operating SystemsUsers may also interact through the operatingsystem using some kind of software or hardware

which offers a user interface (UI), like keyboardtyping commands to command line interface(CLI) or using a keyboard and mouse withgraphical user interface (GUI, commonly

pronounced gooey).


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Operating SystemsCommon contemporary operating systemsinclude the following:

Mac OS

WindowsLinuxBSDSolaris


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Disk Operating System (

DOS)

Every computer must have a master programthat coordinates the flow of information fromcomputer from:

Manufactured by Microsoft. Hence, M S-DOSIf purchased from IBM, PC-DOS

Disk Computer

Disk Computer


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DOS)

A system software the serves as an interpreter between the human user and the computerhardware

Allows the human user to issue commands which thecomputer executesMakes the computer display messages which can beunderstood by the userManages resources like data, inputand output devices and CPU


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DOS)

B ooti n gProcess of loading the OS into the memory of thecomputer2 Types1. C o ld - to turn on the computer2 . W a rm - to reset the computer

D riv e sInput device which writes magnetic spots ondiskettesData are stored as magnetic spots


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DOS)

F i le sThe information stored in a disk is grouped into unitscalled filesIs a group or collection of related pieces of dataNames are assigned to each file for the purpose of identificationFormat of a file:

x < filename > .< extension name >x F i lena m e - for easy access and IDx Ex t. na m e - to know where file was

created


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DOS)

Ex a mp le s of Ex t en sio n na m e sexe - executable filexls - MS Exceldoc - MS Word (document)ppt - MS Powerpoint

D ir e ctory Partition or sub - group in a drive which contains filesM a in or root d ir e ctory outermost directory S ub - d ir e ctory sub - group in a drive


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Learning WindowsIs a Graphical User Interphase which makes iteasier to use the computer and the softwarepurchasedaka Human Computer Interaction (HCI)3 Tasks performed by GUI1. Click/point icons

2. Select commands from pull down menu3. Open dialogue boxes (mini - windows)


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Microsoft Windows


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Evolution of Operating Systems

Wi d ows 3.1c:> windows/win


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Wi nd ows 95program manager, multi - tasking features


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Wi nd ows 96contains office assistant (animated feature in help)


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Wi nd ows 98able to trace pirated software through the internet


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Wi nd ows 2000 Wi nd ows M i llenn ium E d itio n ( M E)

Wind

ows XP

Wi nd ows Vist a Wi nd ows 7


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Adv antages that Windows Offers

1. An environment that makes it easy to work with many helpful tools

2. Instead of typing and remembering complexsequences of commands, Windows lets youselect pictures of tasks and data called ICONS

3. The ability to arrange information in multiple

windows on screen Windows can be resized or repositionedto look at several tasks at once by clicking minimize and maximize buttonsProgram manager


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Adv antages that Windows Offers

4 . The ability to run several programs at the sametime (multi - tasking)

5. File management tools that require minimumtyping and show a clear visual file structure

Windows explorer - views/accesses and manipulatesfiles stored in disks

6. A collection of accessories that make jobseasier


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Adv antages that Windows OffersBasic Accessory features of Windows

x N ot e p ad used for storing brief notes or evenshort documents

x C l ock , C alenda r , C al cu la torx P a in t accessory


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Microsoft Office

A group of powerful programs designed to easily share information between programs that run ontop of the Windows OSMS O ffic e P rogr a ms1. MS Wor d is a word processing program that

enables creation of all kinds of documents: letters,memos, reports, newsletters, etc.

2 . MS Ex cel is a spreadsheet program that enablestracking and calculation of data andcreation of charts


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Microsoft OfficeMS O ffic e P rogr a ms3. MS P ow e r P oi n t is a presentation graphics

program which creates professional quality presentations which can be used for

x overhead projectorsx 35mm slidesx paperx

computer monitor

1.2 operating systems and dos

Documents