12. implementing foam off-shore in the southern …€¦ · implementing foam off-shore in the...
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1
Shell Exploration & Production
File Title
Copyright: Shell Exploration & Production Ltd.
Implementing foam off-shore in the southern north sea
“Bubble bubble bubble and your gas production just might double”
4th European Conference on Gas Well Deliquification – 29th September 2008
Danial Leybourne and Gert De Vries
Production chemistry
Shell Exploration & Production
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Shell Exploration & Production
Contents
• Foam � what can it do for us?
• Where have we applied foam off-shore?
• We have a potential well… so what next?
– Key production chemistry issues off-shore
– From white coats to orange overalls
• What have we found out?
• Where are we now?
• Way forwards
Shell Exploration & Production
What can foam do for us?
Add slide from Joeri’s presentation
Onset of Onset of Onset of Onset of liquid liquid liquid liquid loadingloadingloadingloading
Intermittent productionIntermittent productionIntermittent productionIntermittent production
Typical gas Typical gas Typical gas Typical gas well production well production well production well production profileprofileprofileprofile
Production
Time
• Decreases surface tension between water and gas
• Lowers density of the fluids
• Lowers critical gas flow rate � lift liquids at lower flow rate
• Increase lifespan of well
3
Shell Exploration & Production
Southern north sea
Shell Exploration & Production
Well selected
ContinuousIncrease in
Gas Production?Can we handle the liquids?Batch
YY
N N
Batch foam trials
Cap-string trial
Continuous foam• Staircase
• Maximise application
• Ensure sustainability
4
Shell Exploration & Production
Key issues
• Product specifications
– Stability (winterized, non-viscous)
– Non-corrosive
– Compatible (i.e. solids, emulsion)
– Does it foam?
– Is there an anti-foamer?
– Minimal impact on quality Water Overboard (WOB)
– Minimal impact on quality condensate
• Registration/Permits
– CEFAS/MSDS
– Location specific
Shell Exploration & Production
White coats – Foam chemical selection
Poor>120
Moderate80 < x < 120
Good < 80
ResultFoam build up time (s)
Poor>120
Moderate80 < x < 120
Good < 80
ResultFoam build up time (s)
PoorModerate ���� PoorProduct E
Moderate ���� PoorModerate ���� PoorProduct D
GoodModerate ���� PoorProduct C
GoodGoodProduct B
GoodGoodProduct A
> 100.000 mg/L Cl-< 5.000 mg/L Cl-Salinity
High salinityLow salinity
PoorModerate ���� PoorProduct E
Moderate ���� PoorModerate ���� PoorProduct D
GoodModerate ���� PoorProduct C
GoodGoodProduct B
GoodGoodProduct A
> 100.000 mg/L Cl-< 5.000 mg/L Cl-Salinity
High salinityLow salinity
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Shell Exploration & Production
White coats – anti-foam chemical selection
PoorPoorPoorPoorProduct E
PoorPoorPoorModerateProduct D
PoorPoorPoorPoorModerateProduct C
PoorPoorPoorPoorGoodProduct B
ModerateGoodPoorPoorModerateProduct A
Product 5Product 4Product 3Product 2Product 1Anti-foamer
Foamer
PoorPoorPoorPoorProduct E
PoorPoorPoorModerateProduct D
PoorPoorPoorPoorModerateProduct C
PoorPoorPoorPoorGoodProduct B
ModerateGoodPoorPoorModerateProduct A
Product 5Product 4Product 3Product 2Product 1Anti-foamer
Foamer
Poor>50
Moderate>30 < x < 50
Good<30
Indicator% Performance
Shell Exploration & Production
White coats – clarifier chemical selection
• Tests using fluid from the field
• Screened chemical �selected best fit
• Field trial � chemical tested on location by dedicated field engineer
BlankBlank + cond Clar. 1
Clar. 2 Clar. 3 Clar. 4
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Shell Exploration & Production
Orange overalls � application in the field
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
AME102 AME107 (2007) AME107 (2008) AME104 AME107
Before treatment Gains
Dedicated team � clear communication with operations
Well A Well B (07) Well B (08) Well C (cap) Well B (cap)
Shell Exploration & Production
Orange overalls � application in the field
But what about the oil in water?
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Av
. G
as
Flo
wra
te (
TJ
/da
y)
Leman B285 Leman B290 Leman C305
Before treatment Gain
Well D Well E Well F (cap)
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Shell Exploration & Production
Orange overalls � application in the field
Leman Q2 2009 av. Oil in Water (OIW)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
8004
-Ap
r-0
9
5-A
pr-
09
6-A
pr-
09
7-A
pr-
09
8-A
pr-
09
9-A
pr-
09
10
-Ap
r-0
9
11
-Ap
r-0
9
12
-Ap
r-0
9
13
-Ap
r-0
9
14
-Ap
r-0
9
15
-Ap
r-0
9
16
-Ap
r-0
9
17
-Ap
r-0
9
18
-Ap
r-0
9
19
-Ap
r-0
9
20
-Ap
r-0
9
21
-Ap
r-0
9
22
-Ap
r-0
9
23
-Ap
r-0
9
24
-Ap
r-0
9
25
-Ap
r-0
9
26
-Ap
r-0
9
27
-Ap
r-0
9
28
-Ap
r-0
9
29
-Ap
r-0
9
30
-Ap
r-0
9
Time (days)
OIW
(m
g/L
)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Av. OIW (mg/L) Legal limit (30 mg/L) water discharged (m3/day)
Trail
beginsTrial
ends
Well D and E batch trials average daily oil in water OIW
Shell Exploration & Production
Orange overalls � application in the field
Leman cap-string foam trial OIW results
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
22
-Ma
y-0
9
22
-Ma
y-0
9
23
-Ma
y-0
9
23
-Ma
y-0
9
24
-Ma
y-0
9
24
-Ma
y-0
9
25
-Ma
y-0
9
25
-Ma
y-0
9
26
-Ma
y-0
9
26
-Ma
y-0
9
27
-Ma
y-0
9
27
-Ma
y-0
9
28
-Ma
y-0
9
28
-Ma
y-0
9
29
-Ma
y-0
9
29
-Ma
y-0
9
30
-Ma
y-0
9
30
-Ma
y-0
9
31
-Ma
y-0
9
31
-Ma
y-0
9
1-J
un
-09
1-J
un
-09
2-J
un
-09
2-J
un
-09
3-J
un
-09
3-J
un
-09
4-J
un
-09
4-J
un
-09
5-J
un
-09
5-J
un
-09
6-J
un
-09
6-J
un
-09
OIW (mg/L)
Tim
e (
da
ys
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
OIW (mg/L)
Max daily discharge (100mg/L)
Foam injected (L/day)
Clarifier injected (L/day
Clarifier
over
injected
OiW peak due to
clarifier over
injection
Trial
started
Well F cap-string trial average daily oil in water OIW
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Shell Exploration & Production
What have we found out?
Batch Capillary
Successful trials (%) 64 75Av. Increase in gas (%) 70 112
Av. flow rate increase (Mm3/day) 0.04 0.151
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
KP
I (e
conom
ically v
iable
)
Lem
an B
285
Lem
an B
290
K14-F
A-1
01
K14-F
A-1
06
K14-F
A-1
07
AM
E1-1
02
AM
E1-1
07
K7-F
D-1
02
K7-F
D-1
02
Well D
Well E
Well G
Well H
Well I
Well A
Well B
Well J
Well K
Shell Exploration & Production
Conclusions
• Foam can be applied extremely successfully off-shore
• Gains can potentially be in the region of 100% if applied continuously
• Foam and anti-foam impact on oil in water is a major concern
• Oil in water with batch foam treatments is very unpredictable
• A Capillary string trial allows better control of the oil in water
• Application is limited to locations with produced water re-injection wells
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Shell Exploration & Production
Where does it leave us?
• The potential of the application is huge
• Batch trial give us an idea of the potential gains
• Continuous application is the sustainable way forwards
• Focus on oil in water
• Is it possible to apply this technology without impacting the oil in water?
Shell Exploration & Production
What are the next steps?
• Engage with vendors � we must solve the oil in water issue
• Do we really understand what we are doing?
• Are we really applying the best chemicals � or just the ones that work?
• Can we translate this understanding into the field…
The holy grail
Application of foam off-shore to multiple wells without having a detrimental effect on the oil in water
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Shell Exploration & Production
Many thanks to
Gert De Vries
Mark Akhshi
Jeltje Schouwstra
Joeri Dieltjens
Majeed Yousif
Charles Mombo
Peter De Boer
Ewout Biezen
Kees Veeken
Well Services
Operations
Shell Exploration & Production
Questions
Tel: +31 (0)592 363942