12 five yr plan

8/12/2019 12 FIVE YR PLAN

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INDIA 2014_CHAPTER 12 ENVIRONMENT

- Biosphere Reserve

- Biodiversity Conservation: Biodiversity and Bio Safety

- Convention on Biodiversity

- Cartagena Biosafety protocol

- Ramsar Convention

- Mangroves

- Coral reef

- Clean Technology

- Ozone Layer Protection

- Central pollution control oard! CPCB

- "ational tiger conservation authority

- "ational iodiversity authority "B#

- Ministry of environment and forest

- "ational environment assessment and monitory authority! "$#M#

- "ational %anga river asin authority

- "ational green triunal

- "ational %reen Triunal #ct &'('

- $nvironment Protection #ct ()*+

- ,orest Conservation #ct

- ,orest management schemes

- Pro-ect Tiger. pro-ect $lephant

- $nvironment /mpact #ssessment

- Policy for aatement of pollution! ())&

- "ational environment policy! &''+

- $!0aste rules! &'((

- "ational river conservation plan

- "ational 0etlands conservation program

- Biomedical 0aste management

- Biodiversity hotspots

- "ational action plan for climate change! "#PCC

- %reen /ndia mission

CHAPTER 4 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


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Definition of sustin!"e De#e"o$%ent n& '(o )#e it*

Sustainable Development, as defined by the B+un&t"n& Co%%ission in 1,-., is

development that meets the needs of the present 0ithout compromising the aility of

future generations to meet their o0n needs1

Definition of E/oeffi/ien/

$co!efficiency is achieved y the delivery of competitively priced goods and services

that satisfy human needs and ring 2uality of life. 0hile progressively reducing

ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life!cycle. to a level at least in

line 0ith the earth1s carrying capacity.

+een t3 %enin) uti"it n& In&in e3%$"e

#n 3environment1 or 3green1 ta4 is imposed on a product 5or a complementary product6

that damages the environment. in an attempt to reduce its production or consumption.

Well-designed environmental taxes and other economic instruments can play an

important role in ensuring that prices reflect environmental costs, in line with the

$o""ute+ $s $+in/i$"e5. nvironmental taxes can be simple and efficient financial

instruments for improving the productivity of natural resources. nvironmental taxes on

water and fossil fuels need not be part of the general revenues of the !overnment"


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rather they should be directly ploughed bac# into environmentally sustainable action on

these fronts. Co" Cessis a good example of environment tax imposed by !overnment

of $ndia in recent times, whose proceeds are channelled to the Ntion" C"en Ene+)

6un&.

Some !enefits of en#i+on%ent t3tionare enumerated below

- %hey provide incentives for measures that $+ote/t t(e en#i+on%ent, and deter

actions that lead to environmental damage.

- conomic instruments such as taxes can enable en#i+on%ent" )o"s to !e

/(ie#e& t t(e "o'est /ost, and in the most efficient way.

- &y internali'ing environmental costs into prices, they help signal the st+u/tu+"

e/ono%i/ /(n)esneeded to move to a more sustainable economy.

- %hey can en/ou+)e inno#tion n& &e#e"o$%entof new technology.

- %he +e#enue +ise& ! en#i+on%ent" t3escan be used to reduce the level of

other taxes. %his could help reduce distortions, while raising the efficiency with

which resources are used in the economy

7( &iese" n& fe+ti"i8e+ su!si&ies +e !&

%here has been a growing recognition of fis/" n& en#i+on%ent" i%$"i/tionsof the

subsidy policies in ene+) 'te+ n& )+i/u"tu+e se/to+s.

$n the energy sector, for example, with the dismantling of the A&%iniste+e& P+i/in)

Me/(nis% 9APM:in (pril )**), subsidies on all oil products were removed, barring

li+uid petroleum gas and #erosene, which are used by households. owever, the policy

has subse+uently been reversed leading to a large and regressive subsidy on diesel that

has distorted the use of energy in transport and industrial sectors, and worsened the

problem of (8+&ous i+ $o""ution.

Similarly, excessive use of nit+o)enous fe+ti"i8e+sand o#e+&+'in) of 'te+,

!/;e& ! su!si&ies t !ot( Cent+e n& Stte "e#e"s, is playing havoc withthe sustin!i"it of soi" n& 'te+ e/osste%

Ntion" /"en ene+) fun&


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- %he !overnment of $ndia !o$ has already set up a Ntion" C"en Ene+)

6un& 9NCE6 in 2010by i%$osin) /ess on/o"at an effective rate of /0* per

tonne.

- %he !overnment expects to collect /10000 /+o+eunder the 1lean nergy 2und

! 201


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$u+/(se o!"i)tions, which legally mandate a percentage of electricity to e

procured y distriution companies from rene0ale energy sources7

61 mechanism aims to &&+ess t(e %is%t/(between #i"!i"itof

renewable energy resources in a State and the +e>ui+e%ent of the obligated

entities to meet their renewable purchase obligations

List of non%onet+ in/enti#es to $+ote/t en#i+on%ent

- 3on-monetary incentives are policy instruments that typically &o not (#e

%onet+ #"ue !ut &efinite" (#e finn/i" i%$/tthat promotes

sustainability.

- %hese incentives can be used as a !+)inin) too" ! t(e o#e+n%ent to

en/ou+)e /onse+#tion of +esou+/esin an economy.

- (ctivities such as those en/ou+)in) =u&i/ious use of 'te+ $"ntin) t+ees/+ $oo"in) n& #oi&in) use of $"sti/ !)s can be rewarded so that it

encourages the practice, and acts as an example for others. 6ead more for

mains and interview purpose

- %hrough the initiation of inno#ti#e $o"i/iesand '+&s, the !overnment /n

$+o#i&e +e/o)nition, which will en/ou+)e sustin!"e &e#e"o$%entamongst

the citi'ens and the firms

E/o In&ust+i" (u!

An e/oin&ust+i" $+; 9EIP o+ estteis a community of manufacturing andservice usinesses located together on a common property.

4ember businesses see; en(n/e& en#i+on%ent" e/ono%i/ n& so/i"

$e+fo+%n/e t(+ou)( /o""!o+tion in %n)in) en#i+on%ent" n&

+esou+/e issues.

&y wor#ing together, the community of businesses see#s a collective benefit that

is greater than the sum of individual benefits each company would realise by only

optimi'ing its individual performance

Cost" +e)u"tion 8one /"ssifi/tion

%he 1oastal 6egulation 7one notification +e)u"tes /ti#ities !se& on

#u"ne+!i"it of /ost" +es to (u%n /ti#it


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1oastal areas are currently classified into fou+ /te)o+iesC? 1 to 4 with

different levels of $e+%issi#it fo+ &e#e"o$%ent /ti#ities.

Cte)o+ 1includes ecologically sensitive areas" /te)o+ 4includes islands,

while /te)o+ies 2 n& @permit construction activities based on vulnerability.

S'%int(n Co%%itteeis associated with coastal 'one 4anagement

E/o%+; "!e"

- %he !o$ launched the eco-labelling scheme #nown as comar# in 1,,1for easy

i&entifi/tion of en#i+on%entf+ien&" $+o&u/ts.

- %he comar# label is '+&e& to /onsu%e+ )oo&swhich meet the specified

environmental criteria and the +uality re+uirements of $ndian Standards.

T'e"#e 6o/us A+es fo+ t(e T'e"ft( P"n

8. (dvanced 1oal %echnologies

). 3ational Wind nergy 4ission

9. 3ational Solar 4ission

:. %echnology $mprovement in $ron and Steel $ndustry

0. %echnology $mprovement in 1ement $ndustry

;. nergy fficiency ehicle 2uel fficiency


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$t has a specific heat of 8,5=* #calC#wh compared to ),09* #calC#wh for a sub-

critical plant. %hus, every unit generated with @S1 will save *.8;0 #g E),09*-

8,5=*C:,***F coal of :,*** #calC#g" and ;* billion units will save ?.? million

tonnes of coal per year

%o put it simply, faster adoption of 8SC and SC technology can save as much

coal as 0ould e saved y installation of ten times the solar po0er capacity.

While from a "on) te+% $e+s$e/ti#e'e nee& t(e so"+ o$tion, from a %e&iu%

te+% $e+s$e/ti#e&e#e"o$%ent of USC n& SC te/(no"o)should be

pursued vigorously

NOTE ( solar plant generates 8,0** units per GW of installed capacity

7(t is t(e !enefit of /o" )sifi/tion*

1oal gasification provides opportunities for higher efficiency.

owever, $ndian coal has #e+ (i)( s( /ontentand initial results suggest that

efficiency gain over sub-critical units is only marginal.

Un&e+)+oun& /o" )sifi/tionis an i%$o+tnt te/(no"o)that will enable

utilisation of deep coal deposits, which cannot be mined using conventional

means, or because they are located in environmentally fragile regions.

$t also ""o's t(e $ossi!i"it of in situ /+!on /$tu+e.

!iven $ndias coal shortage, there should be greater research in this technology,

including execution of a few pilot proHects.

Anot(e+ $otenti"" $+o%isin) te/(no"o)is /o" !e& %et(neand it may be

desirable to underta#e some pilot proHects in this regard.

7(t is Co" stifi/tion


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Co" )sifi/tionis the process of producingsyngasIa mixture consisting primarily of

methane1: carbon monoxide1B, hydrogen), carbon dioxide1B) and water

vapor )BIfrom coalandwater, air andCor oxygen

7(i/( sttes (#e (i)(est $otenti" in 'in& ene+)*

Garnata#a, %amil 3adu, (ndhra


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-


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owever, solar thermal technologies on"'o+; on &i+e/t !e% +&itionand

uti"its/"e $"nts +e>ui+e "+)e %ount of "n& n& 'te+, which could be

potential impediments in scaling it up.

Ho' to +efo+% so"+ %ission

C+st""ine si"i/on #s T(in 6i"% sste%

1rystalline silicon and thin films are the t'o $+o#en te/(no"o)iesfo+ so"+

$(oto#o"ti/ sste%s

Bf these, /+st""ine si"i/on &o%intest(e )"o!" %+;et" however, there is

considerable interest in thin-film systems, given the $otenti" fo+ "o'e+/osts.

$ndia needs easy access to the best available global technology to ensure rapidadoption of solar power

6ead more

T(+ee t$es of /e%ents $+o&u/e& in In&i

%he Po+t"n& Po88o"n Ce%ent


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7(i/( se/to+s /onsu%e (i)( %ount of ene+)*


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C$n&T+&e C+!on T3

It sets ste&i" &e/"inin) cei"in) on

/+!on emissions, and by creating a

mar#et that+e'+&s /o%$nies fo+

s"s(in) 1B)corporations that

reduce emissions below their allotment

can sell them on the open mar#et, it

uses the free enterprise system to

achieve emissions reduction.

@ncertainty about how much will it

reduce carbon emissions. owever, tax

lin#ed to benchmar#s of energy or

emissions intensity can help improve

certainty with respect to mitigation

$t does not provide cost certainty as

price of permits fluctuates and could be

highly volatile in the spot mar#et.

1arbon tax provides cost certainty by

setting a clear price on carbon

emissions for many years ahead

It nee&s %+;et %onito+in) )en/

to e3%ine issues su/( s +ent

see;in) /o+ne+in) t(e %+;et n&

so on

$t is simple to understand and

implement

%he design leaves out many small andmedium organi'ations who together

may release significant portion of the

emissions

1arbon tax covers the entire economy,including automobiles, households and

other units impossible to reach in a

cap-and trade

%he revenues are li#ely to be

bargained away well before the first

trade ever ta#es place

1arbon tax raises a clear amount of

revenue, which can be used for

targeted purposes or rebated to the

public.

$t can be more easily manipulated to

allow additional emissions" if the

permits become too pricey, regulators

would li#ely sell or distribute more

permits to #eep the price reasonable

%he chances of manipulation are

remote. %he structure of the tax does

not allow periodic regulator intervention

%he long-term signals from cap-and-

trade are less powerful, and the

!e(#io+"changes for e3%$"e

choice of the type of power plant could

turn out to be far fewer.

1lear signals and impetus for

behavioural changes


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7(t +e t(e ne)ti#e /onse>uen/es '(en f+ei)(t is t+ns$o+te& t(+ou)( t+u/;s

+t(e+ t(n #i +i"'s*

%he share of rail in total freight carried has steadily deteriorated from about 55 per cent

at $ndependence to about :* per cent at present, and the share of road freight has

increased correspondingly.

Such a change in freight modal share has not only in/+ese& t(e e%issions, but has

had ot(e+ e+se effe/tslisted below

8. $t has hurt the countrys energy security as road freight is powered by diesel, and

$ndia imports over 5* per cent of its petroleum re+uirements.

). $t has worsened the balance of payments situation due to increased oil imports.

9. $t has worsened the fiscal deficit given that diesel is a subsidi'ed fuel in $ndia.

:. $t has worsened local air pollution in the form of ti"$i$e e%issionsfrom diesel-

powered commercial vehicles, which have been shown to have serious health effects in

the form of respiratory problems, cancers and so on

Tailpipe emissions

These are the chemicals produced by a vehicle as it runs:

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Hydrocarbons (HC)
http://www.climatechangeconnection.org/emissions/Tailpipeemissions.htm#CO2http://www.climatechangeconnection.org/emissions/Tailpipeemissions.htm#NOxhttp://www.climatechangeconnection.org/emissions/Tailpipeemissions.htm#HChttp://www.climatechangeconnection.org/emissions/Tailpipeemissions.htm#CO2http://www.climatechangeconnection.org/emissions/Tailpipeemissions.htm#NOxhttp://www.climatechangeconnection.org/emissions/Tailpipeemissions.htm#HC


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Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

articulate matter (!"#)

O$one (O%)

Ho' to i%$+o#e t(e effi/ien/ of +i"F+o&F'te+ t+ns$o+t

In/+esin) t(e S(+e of Ri" 6+ei)(t in In&i

(s a principle, railways which are more /$it"intensi#e should be the %=o+ f+ei)(t

%o&e "on) t(e %=o+ /o++i&o+s, while +o&with its )+ete+ +e/( n& f"e3i!i"it

should be the $+efe++e& %o&efrom the spine to the inte+io+ $+tsof t(e /ount+

$ndias Inte)+te& Ene+) Po"i/ of 200Galso recogni'es that there should be an

in/+ese& +o"e fo+ +i"'s in /++in) f+ei)(t in t(e /ount+.

!o$ initiated the D21 proHect by setting up a s$e/i" $u+$ose #e(i/"ecalled De&i/te&

6+ei)(t Co++i&o+ Co+$o+tion of In&i 9D6CCIL: in 200G

%he D21 proHect is expected to result in over 10000 ;% of &e&i/te& +i" +outeso#e+

si3 ;e /o++i&o+sconnecting In&i5s fou+ "+)est /ities.

T(e fi+st $(seof t'o /o++i&o+sis e3$e/te&to be /o%$"ete ! 201G1.

%he !overnment needs to use all its energies to ensure this is completed as soon as

possible. 2or details of the dedicated freight corridor proHect see 1hapter 89.

I%$+o#in) t(e Effi/ien/ of Ro& 6+ei)(t

6oad is expected to play an important part in freight movement even after a modal shift

to railways.

%herefore, there is a need to ensure that road freight performs as efficiently as possible.

%here is a perception that current road freight is inefficient because of reasons such as

su!o$ti%" uti"i8tion of t+u/;s ineffi/ient !o+&e+ /+ossin) to"" +e)i%es

insuffi/ient use of %u"ti3"e n& t+/to+t+i"e+ t+u/;s n& "/; of (u!n&s$o;e

"i;e ++n)e%ents fo+ effi/ient &is$e+s" of (e# "o&s onto s%""e+ t+u/;s fo+

"st %i"e /onne/ti#it.

%he %ransport


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2reight carriage by waterwaysLboth in"n& n& /ost"Lis the most efficient form of

freight transport. %hough $ndia has a "on) /ost"ine n& !out 1


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7(t +e t(e $o"it /(""en)es t(t i%$e&e +efo+%s in u+!n

t+ns$o+t*

Cent+" o#e+n%ent +es$onsi!i"it

Since urban transport is a State subHect, the levers available with the @nion !overnmentare limited" and it is the State !overnments and @rban Aocal &odies which have an

important role to play in reali'ing the transformation obHective described above. %he !o$

can, however, leverage the funding under the Kawaharlal 3ehru 3ational @rban

6enewal 4ission Kn3@64 to further these obHectives.

Su$$o+tin) Pu!"i/ T+ns$o+t

4ost urban bus utilities in the country are finn/i"" un#i!"e, and a significant part of

their finn/i" !u+&enis due to /$it" e3$en&itu+eto buy buses and t3es.

Some studies suggest that these expensesLincluding #+ious t3es on fue"form

about 20 $e+ /entof the total expenditure of a bus utility, and that these are

comparable to or higher than taxes on private vehicles. Such t3tion $o"i/is /"e+"

/ont++ to t(e o!=e/ti#e of $+o%otin) $u!"i/ t+ns$o+t n& &is/ou+)in) $+i#te

t+ns$o+t. !overnment needs to revisit its taxation policy of vehicles and ensure that

tax burden on bus utilities is considerably lowered. $t could also consider +efun&in) fue"

t3escollected from the bus utilities

U+!n P"nnin) n& o#e+nn/e

U+!n Lo/" Bo&ies 9ULBs in $ndia currently do not have the capacity to deal with thechallenges posed by rapid urbani'ation. (s a result, presently, the urban planning in the

country does not go beyond provision of basic services to a chaotic urban sprawl, and

simply does not ta#e an integrated view of the modern urban re+uirements, including

transport. %his needs to be addressed urgently and capacities of @A&s need to be

strengthened to enable %i3e& "n& use $"nnin)and $+e$+tion of n inte)+te&

t+ns$o+t$"nfo+ e/( /itin the country.

BEE ene+) "!e"in) $+o)+%

Li)(tin) n& $$"in/essuch as refrigerators, air conditioners, water heaters, fansand so on account for about 10 $e+ /ent of t(e tot" e"e/t+i/it /onsu%$tionin $ndia

With rising incomes and increasing penetration of appliances in households, the

&e%n& fo+ e"e/t+i/it fo+ "i)(tin) n& $$"in/es is e3$e/te& to +ise

Bver the leventh


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%o+e ene+)effi/ient $$"in/esAabels have already been introduced for 1@

$$"in/es

%hey have been made %n&to+ fo+fou+ $$"in/es, namely, frost-free

refrigerators, room air conditioners, tube lights and distribution transformers.(s

a result of this programme, the average energy efficiency ratio 6 of air conditionerssold in $ndia increased

Bverall, savings due to the standards and labelling programme avoided an installed

capacity of over =,0** 4W during the leventh


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Such trading schemes face a number of challenges in the worlds largest carbon dioxide emitter.

So far, the 1hinese government has approved seven pilot carbon trading exchanges

SEEP $+o)+%

During the %welfth ui$%ent P+o)+%%e 9SEEP for

su$e+effi/ient fns LED !u"!sand tu!e "i)(ts, see#s to incentivi'e the sale of these

products to in/+ese t(ei+ #o"u%esand !+in) &o'n t(ei+ $+i/esfor large-scale

adoption


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+een !ui"&in) /o&e +e"te& $oints

1odes and standards as determined by policy can significantly enable the reduction of

1B)emissions in the building sector. %he country has done well in developing various

standards li#e Ntion" Bui"&in) Co&e 9NBC: Ene+) Conse+#tion Bui"&in) Co&es

ECBC n& BEE +tin) $+o)+%%es fo+ $$"in/es, and the more recent energy

rating programme for the existing buildings.

%he mar#et-driven voluntary !reen &uilding 6ating ui+e%ents of /o%%e+/i" !ui"&in)s in

$ndia.

- 1&1 has been &e#e"o$e& ! t(e BEEunder the provisions of the Ene+)

Conse+#tion A/t 2001.

- %he code is $$"i/!"e to "" /o%%e+/i" !ui"&in)s (#in) /onne/te&

e"e/t+i/" "o& of 100 ;7 o+ %o+e 9o+ /ont+/t &e%n& of 120;VA o+

%o+e:


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HO7F7H LO7 CARBON STRATE HELPS IN INCLUSIVE

RO7TH*


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CH . ENVIRONMENT 6ORESTR AND 7ILDLI6E

7( en#i+on%ent nee&s to !e in/"u&e& in /on/u++ent "ist

1onstitutionally, nvironment is a +esi&u" su!=e/t, with both the 1entral and the State

!overnment responsible for regulation and enforcement. %hus, there is a need to

include environment as a concurrent subHect in the constitution.

%his will help the State !overnments and the local authorities enact and notify their own

enforcement laws and rules to ensure compliance of relevant environmental norms.

%his issue, which was highlighted in the previous plan as well, not only remains relevant

but needs to be pursued on priority.

%his initiative will also be important for inte)+tin) en#i+on%ent" /on/e+nsinto

$"nnin) n& &e#e"o$%ent" /ti#ities /+oss "" t(e se/to+s%he 4o2 isconcerned with $+ote/tion n& %n)e%ent of t(e en#i+on%ent in t(e /ount+. $t is

mandated with the +es$onsi!i"itof planning, promotion, cooperation and overseeing

the implementation of various environmental and forestry schemesCprogrammes.

%he %in o!=e/ti#esof the 4o2 include protection of the environment" conservation

and survey of flora, fauna, forests and wildlife" prevention and control of pollution"


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afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas" ensuring welfare of animals" and

international cooperation in forestry and environment. %he 4o2 is also concerned with

en#i+on%ent" %n)e%ent to promote health considerations" to focus on poverty

alleviation by enhancing access to poor of natural resources for livelihood" and to

enhance the awareness regarding environmentally sound living process by focusing on

natureIman synergy.

4o2 is also designated as the no&" )en/for the Unite& Ntions En#i+on%ent

P+o)+%%e 9UNEP:and the Inte+ntion" Cent+e fo+ Inte)+te& Mountin

De#e"o$%entand loo#s after the follow-up of the Unite& Ntions Confe+en/e on

En#i+on%ent n& De#e"o$%ent 9UNCED

Po"i/ inititi#e t;en in 11t(6P

1 T(e Ntion" En#i+on%ent Po"i/ was unveiled in )**;

2 T(e En#i+on%ent" I%$/t Assess%ent 9EIA: process has been made more

efficient, decentralised and transparent, based on a comprehensive review of the

existing environmental process and its re-engineering through the EIA

Notifi/tion 200Gn& its %en&%ents thereafter. ( system of %n&to+

//+e&ittion of EIAFEn#i+on%ent" Mn)e%ent P"n 9EMP:consultants has

also been introduced to improve the +uality of impact assessment reports

submitted by proHect proponents

@ 6e-engineering of Cost" Re)u"tion ?ONE 9CR?: Notifi/tion 2011was

done to ensure livelihood security to fishing and other local communities, to

conserve and protect coastal stretches and to promote development based on

scientific principles. (nother 3otification on $sland


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. %he NAAShave been revised and limits for 12 $o""utntsare notified. %he

revised standards are based on global best practices, local $ndian conditions and

in #eeping with the advancement in technology and research

- Ntion" +een T+i!un" 9NT:was set up on 1- O/to!e+ 2010for effective

and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection andconservation of forests and other natural resources

, %owards further environmental regulatory reforms and improving environmental

governance, an exercise has been initiated to conceptualise and constitute a

Ntion" En#i+on%ent Assess%ent Monito+in) Aut(o+it 9NEAMA:.

10%o resolve the deadloc# of 1ompensatory (fforestation 2und 4anagement and


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Ntion" en#i+on%ent n& fo+est+ /oun/i" 9NE6C:

$t is proposed to set up a high powered body called the 3ational nvironment and

2orestry

1ouncil 321 with the ice C(i+$e+son, aided and advised by a group of experts.

%his body would have the representation from the 4inistries of xternal (ffairs,

Science O %echnology, (griculture, 1ommerce, @rban and 6ural Development,

%ribal (ffairs and so on. $ts $+i%+ fun/tionwould be to bring in harmony in the

functioning of different 4inistries and to ensure that the evolution of all policies, laws


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and their implementation concerning development, of every #ind, are in conformity

with the obHectives outlined in the Ntion" En#i+on%ent" Po"i/ 9NEP: 200G

Bn similar lines as the 321, a high-powered body called Stte En#i+on%ent n&6o+est Coun/i" 9SE6C: needs to be constituted to align the wor#ing of the other

Departments with that of the Department of nvironment and 2orests in each State.

(dditionally, nvironment 1ells have to be constituted in the related 4inistries and

Departments at the 1entral and State levels so as to mainstream environmental

concerns in their activities and programmes.

Re)u"to+ St+te)ies

1omprehensive review and reform of laws concerning nvironment, 2orests, Wildlife

and

&iodiversity will be underta#en in the %welfth


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Dealing with challenges arising out of creation of S7s"

Strengthening the $mpact (ssessment Aaw and coastal laws by ma#ing local

authorities more responsible and accountable"


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Ho' to %;e En#i+on%ent $+ote/tion /t effe/ti#e*

2or effective regulation on environmental pollution it is suggested that t(e

En#i+on%ent 9P+ote/tion: A/t 1,-Gmay be amended for an upward revision in

the +uantum of penalties and also to include an enabling provision for civil

administrative adHudication to fast-trac# levy of penalty.

NEAMA ut(o+it

( multi-disciplinary autonomous body namely Ntion" En#i+on%ent Assess%ent

n& Monito+in) Aut(o+it 9NEAMA:is proposed to be set up for st+en)t(enin)

t(e $+o/esses fo+ )+nt of en#i+on%ent" /"e+n/es n& %onito+in) t(e+eof.

3(4( is also envisaged to )+nt /"e+n/es un&e+ t(e En#i+on%ent

9P+ote/tion: A/t 1,-G in/"u&in) t(e /ost" 8one +e)u"tions n& %+ine

fis(e+ies +e)u"tions.


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Ntion" en#i+on%ent +esto+tion fun&

1reation of a 3ational nvironment 6estoration 2und 362 from voluntary

contributions and the net proceeds of proposed economic instruments such as user

fees for access to specified natural resources. %he 2und may be used for restoration

of environmental resources and cleanup of sites contaminated with toxic andha'ardous waste

Ntion" info+%tion )+i&

$t is proposed to develop a national information grid for biodiversity, ecology and

environment data for monitoring and management of natural resources. %his should

be an open, transparent and comprehensive web-based information system that

covers various landscapes such as forests, coastal stretches and territorial waters of

the countrys xclusive conomic 7ones 7, mountains and deserts regions

Cent+" Bo+& of 6o+est+

%o evolve a national consensus on forestry matters and meet new challenges, it is

proposed that the 1entral &oard of 2orestry 1&2 be revived with ice 1hairperson, on the

lines of 3ational &oard for Wildlife. %his could be the apex body for policy

development and consultation in the country.

Usin) IS fo+ fo+est +i)(ts /t

( proposed scheme on Satellite-based 2orest 6esource (ssessment will put in

place a system for technology-based collection of baseline data and evaluation of

forestry schemes with eo)+$(i/ info+%tion sste% 9IS:mapping of areas

under the Scheduled %ribes and Bther %raditional 2orest Dwellers 6ecognition of

2orest 6ights (ct, )**;

REEN 6UND

%here is a need for creation of a +een fun&5for forestry activities by imposing

forest development tax on sale of forest produce and forest conservation taxCcess on

sale of petroleum products and coal mining. 2urther, other similar taxes such as


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E/ot3in imachal


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Ho' to $+ote/t )inst in#si#e s$e/ies

( national programme specific to invasive species needs to be launched. Bne of its

aims could be to compile a national inventory of invasive species. ( standardised

protocol needs to be developed for the identification of invasive species using !$S and

remote sensing technology. $nvasive species identification should not be limited toinvasion in forestsLit should also include invasion in a+uatic and marine ecosystems,

grasslands, wetlands and so on. ( national invasive species monitoring system to trac#

the introduction and spread of invasive is needed. Such a system should be lin#ed to

the state forest departments, and field staff should be trained to collect information on

invasive species.

En#i+on%ent $e+fo+%n/e in&e3

%he


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REEN INDIA MISSION

%he !overnment of $ndia has ta#en initiatives by formulating 3ational 4ission for a

!reen $ndia

!$4 as one of t(e - %issions 9explained in the following notes:under the Ntion"

A/tion P"n on C"i%te C(n)e 9NAPCC:

%he mission has been $$+o#e& ! t(e P+i%e Ministe+5s Coun/i" on C"i%te

C(n)ewith a proposed cost of /:;,*** crore over 8* years starting from )*8) 89.

%he !$4 has been conceived as a %u"tist;e(o"&e+, %u"tise/to+"and %u"ti

&e$+t%ent"%ission, recognising that climate change phenomena will seriously

affect and alter the distribution, type and +uality of natural resources of the country and

the associated livelihoods of the people.

!$4 puts the greening in the context of climate change adaptation and mitigation and

is meant to enhance ecosystem services li#e carbon se+uestration and storage in

forests and other ecosystems, hydrological services and biodiversity" along with

provisioning services li#e fuel, fodder, small timber through agro and farm forestry, and

3%2


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of our !Dui$%ent

n& $$"in/es !ui"&in) /o&es, and introduction of mar#et mechanisms for energy

intensive industries.


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%n)e%ent, including resource conservation water, carbon, energy and !"n/e&

fe+ti"ise+ usemay facilitate +uic#er adoption of these measures

%he Ntion" 7te+ Mission"un/(e& in 200-partly addresses this need by aimingat

Development of a comprehensive water database and assessment of the impact

of climate change on water resources,


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NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANE

Ei)(t ntion" %issionswere launched in theEleventh Plancovering the areas of

solar energy. energy efficiency. haitat. agriculture. 0ater. 9imalayan ecosystems.

forestry and strategic no0ledge. %he mission documents have been finalised by the

Prime Ministers Councilon Climate Changeand are at various stages of

implementation. (lthough the nodal 4inistries entrusted with implementation of the

missions are yet to fully assess the li#ely costs, the preliminary estimates indicate a sum

of /),9*,*** crore may be needed to fulfill the 4ission obHectives. 2unds of this

magnitude cannot be mobili'ed through budgetary resources alone.

T(e So"+ Missionaims at ma#ing solar electricity cost competitive to coal power and

increasing the share of solar energy in the total energy mix through development of new

solar technologies, both $(oto#o"ti/and so"+ t(e+%". %he 4ission recommends

i%$"e%enttion in t(+ee st)esleading up to an installed capacity of 20000 M7 !

t(e en& of t(e T(i+teent( 6i#e e+ P"n in 2022.

T(e Ene+) Effi/ien/ Missionsees to upscale efforts to create a market for

energy efficiency7 /t comprises of four initiatives. namely. Perform, chieve and

!rade "P!#, Market !ransformation for Energy Efficiency "M!EE#, Energy

Efficiency $inancing Platform "EE$P# and $ramework for Energy Efficient

Economic %evelopment "$EEE%#.(s a result of implementation of this mission over

the next five years, it is estimated that by about )*80, about )9 million tonnes of oil-

e+uivalent of fue" s#in)Lin coal, gas, and petroleum products, will be achieved every

year along with an #oi&e& /$/it &&ition of o#e+ 1,000 M7.

T(e Sustin!"e H!itt Missionattempts topromote energy efficiency in

buildings, management of solid waste,and modal shift to public transport

including transport options based on bio-diesel and hydrogen7

Min /o%$onentsof t(e %ission +e9i:development of 3ational Sustainable abitat

Standards legalCregulatory measures 9ii:incorporation of principles of sustainable

habitat in city development and planning and 9iii:complementary action such as


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support for building green demonstration proHects and outreach programme for creating

consumer awareness.

T(e Sustin!"e A)+i/u"tu+e Missionaims at maing /ndian agriculture more resilientto climate change through development of new varieties of climate-stress resistant

crops, new credit and insurance mechanisms, and improving productivity of rain-

fed agriculture. %he %in fo/usof the mission is ensu+in) foo& se/u+itand

$+ote/tin) "n& 'te+ !io&i#e+sit n& )eneti/ +esou+/esfor sustainable

production of food.

T(e 7te+ Missionaims at conservation of water, minimising wastage and

ensuring more e&uitable distribution both across and within states. %he %ission

fo/useson 9i:intensive rain water harvesting and ground water charging to meet the

demand of 8,8)* critical bloc#s during the leventh


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T(e St+te)i/ no'"e&)e Missionintends to identify the challenges of, and the

responses to, climate change through research and technology development and

ensure funding of high +uality and focused research into various aspects of climate

change7

HO7 TO MAE NAPCC MORE E66ECTIVE*

%o achieve effective results, the missions stated above need to be reorganised in

accordance with the updated priorities. We should aim at a short list of reorganised

missions and a few policy thrust are as under the 3(


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4 Bur efforts to develop wind energy meet the re+uirements of a separate mission

li#e the solar mission. %o accelerate progress in this area, and to meet the steep

targets set for the %welfth


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12 five yr plan

Documents