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EnvironmentaEnvironmental l

GeologyGeology

James ReichardJames Reichard

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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Chapter 12Chapter 12Mineral and Rock ResourcesMineral and Rock Resources

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ResourcesResources

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Minerals and PeopleMinerals and People

Mineral resource - rock, mineral or Mineral resource - rock, mineral or element element important to humansimportant to humans

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Economic Mineral DepositsEconomic Mineral Deposits

Ore deposits Ore deposits High gradeHigh grade Low gradeLow grade

ReserveReserve EconomicEconomic Marginally economicMarginally economic Sub economicSub economic

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Resources & ReservesResources & Reserves

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Geology of Mineral Geology of Mineral ResourcesResources

Igneous ProcessesIgneous Processes Diamond pipes (Kimberlite)Diamond pipes (Kimberlite) Intrusive depositsIntrusive deposits

Layered depositsLayered deposits Hydrothermal depositsHydrothermal deposits

Disseminated depositsDisseminated deposits Massive sulfide depositsMassive sulfide deposits

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Geology of Mineral Geology of Mineral ResourcesResources

Metamorphic processesMetamorphic processes Regional metamorphismRegional metamorphism

Contact metamorphismContact metamorphism

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Geology of Mineral Geology of Mineral ResourcesResources

Sedimentary processesSedimentary processes Placer depositsPlacer deposits Residual weathering productsResidual weathering products Banded iron depositsBanded iron deposits EvaporatesEvaporates PhosphoritesPhosphorites

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Mining & Processing of Mining & Processing of MineralsMinerals

Mining TechniquesMining Techniques Surface miningSurface mining

Open pitOpen pit StripStrip

UndergroundUnderground PlacerPlacer

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Mining & Processing of Mining & Processing of MineralsMinerals

Mineral processingMineral processing Physical separationPhysical separation SmeltingSmelting LeachingLeaching

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Distribution & Supply of Distribution & Supply of Mineral ResourcesMineral Resources

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Supply of Mineral ResourcesSupply of Mineral Resources

Meeting future demandMeeting future demand RecyclingRecycling ReusingReusing

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Supply of Mineral ResourcesSupply of Mineral Resources

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Supply of Mineral ResourcesSupply of Mineral Resources

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Environmental Impacts & Environmental Impacts & MitigationMitigation

General Mining Act 1872General Mining Act 1872

Clean Air Act 1970Clean Air Act 1970

Clean Water Act 1972Clean Water Act 1972

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Environmental Impacts & Environmental Impacts & MitigationMitigation

Heavy metals and acid drainageHeavy metals and acid drainage

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Environmental Impacts & Environmental Impacts & MitigationMitigation

Processing of oresProcessing of ores

Collapse and subsidenceCollapse and subsidence

Abandon mine hazardsAbandon mine hazards