DRAFT

MALAYSIAN 11L003R0

STANDARD STAGE : PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20)

DATE : 01/05/2014 – 30/06/2014 Road vehicles - Clutches and brakes - Vocabulary ICS: 43.040.50 Descriptors: road vehicles, clutches, brakes, terms, definitions © Copyright 2014 DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

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Contents

Page Committee representation ..................................................................................................... ii Foreword ...............................................................................................................................iii 1 Scope .......................................................................................................................... 1 2 Classification of terms .................................................................................................. 1 3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................... 1

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Committee representation The Industry Standards Committee on Road Vehicles (ISC L) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Automobile Association of Malaysia Department of Environment Department of Standards Malaysia Malaysian Automotive Association Malaysian Automotive Components Parts Manufacturers Association Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism Ministry of International Trade and Industry Motorcycle and Scooter Assemblers and Distributor Association of Malaysia Polis Diraja Malaysia PUSPAKOM Sdn Bhd Road Safety Department Malaysia Road Transport Department Malaysia SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Universiti Putra Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Co-opted members: Motosikal dan Enjin Nasional Sdn Bhd PERODUA Manufacturing Sdn Bhd Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn Bhd The Technical Committee on Vehicle Powertrain and Fuels Systems which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia Automobile Association of Malaysia Expert Malaysian Automotive Association PERODUA Manufacturing Sdn Bhd Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn Bhd Road Transport Department Malaysia SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Co-opted members: Exedy (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn Bhd

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Foreword This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Vehicle Powertrain and Fuels Systems under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Road Vehicles. Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

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Road vehicles - Clutches and brakes - Vocabulary 1 Scope This Malaysian Standard specifies the fundamental terms and definitions of the clutches and brakes for road vehicles. 2 Classification of terms The classification of terms clutches and brakes shall be in accordance with the following: a) terms relating to types; b) terms of components; c) terms for actuations; and d) terms for performances. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

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3.1 Terms related to types

No. Terms Definitions Figures 1 Band brake

Strap brake The drum brake which exhibits functions by winding brake band around the peripheral face of cylinder.

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2 Brake

The mechanical element having functions to reduce and stop a moving body by the reciprocal action of the moving body and a stationary body, or to maintain at standstill conditions.

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3 Centrifugal clutch The clutch which performs engaging by utilising the centrifugal force.

4 Clutch The mechanical element having functions of conducting transmission and interception of power between the driving side and driven side being located on a concentric axis.

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5 Cone brake The friction brake of which engaging face is conical shape. -

6 Cone clutch The friction clutch of which engaging face is conical shape.

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 7 Disc brake

The friction brake of which engaging face is a circular disc.

8 Disc clutch The friction clutch of which engaging face is a circular disc. -

9 Double face single-disc brake

The brake of which brake plate is one sheet and of which friction faces are two faces. -

10 Double face single-disc clutch

The clutch of which clutch plate is one sheet, and of which friction faces are two faces.

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11 Drum brake The friction brake of which engaging face is cylindrical shape.

12 Drum clutch The friction clutch of which engaging face is cylindrical shape. -

13 Electromagnetic brake The brake which exhibits functions by electromagnetic actuation. -

14 Electromagnetic clutch The clutch which exhibits functions by electromagnetic actuation. - For

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 15 Friction brake

The brake which exhibits functions mainly by traction force.

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16 Friction clutch The clutch which performs engaging by traction force. -

17 Gear clutch The positive clutch (see 29) which performs engaging by an external gear and internal gear.

18 Hydraulic brake

Braking system in which the control and energy are transmitted from the point of application to the brake(s) by hydraulic actuation.

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19 Hydraulic clutch

Clutch system in which the control and energy are transmitted by hydraulic actuation. -

20 Jaw clutch The positive clutch (see 29) which performs engaging by concave and convex parts of angled shape, radial shape or else locating at confronting cylinder end faces.

21 Mechanical brake The brake which exhibits functions by mechanical actuation. -

22 Mechanical clutch The clutch which exhibits functions by mechanical actuation. -

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 23 Multiple disc brake

(multi-disc brake) The brake of which friction faces are two discs or more. -

24 Multiple disc clutch (multi-disc clutch)

The clutch of which friction faces are two discs or more.

25 Multiple tooth clutch The positive clutch which performs engaging by multiple tooth parts located on confronting cylinder end faces.

26 One way clutch Over running clutch Freewheeling clutch

The clutch which transmits power only in one direction. -

27 Pneumatic brake Air brake

Braking system in which the control and energy are transmitted from the point of application to the brake(s) by pneumatic actuation.

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28 Pneumatic clutch Air clutch

Clutch system in which the control and energy are transmitted by pneumatic actuation. -

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 29 Positive clutch The clutch which performs engaging by mechanical interlocking. -

30 Retarder A device to assist braking for the purpose of reducing or restricting the velocity of a vehicle.

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31 Single disc brake The brake of which friction face is one disc. -

32 Single disc clutch The clutch of which friction face is one disc. -

33 Vacuum brake The brake which exhibits functions by negative pressure of air. -

34 Vacuum clutch The clutch which exhibits functions by negative pressure of air. - 3.2 Terms for components

No. Terms Definitions Figures 1 Auto-gap mechanism

Auto-slack adjuster The mechanism that automatically regulates the increase of the gap between the friction faces due to wear. It is also called “auto-adjuster”, “auto-gap adjuster” or “auto-slack adjuster”.

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2 Brake band An element to be wrapped around the brake drum for it to function. -

3 Brake disc Brake plate

A circular plate that allows the brake to function. -

4 Brake drum A cylinder shaped component that allows brake to function. -

5 Brake lining A friction material which is pressed against the drum or disc, respectively, to enhance the friction force.

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6 Brake pad A friction material which is pressed against the disc to perform the braking.

7 Brake shoe A drum brake component that consists brake lining assembly which actuated upon the brake drum in order to perform braking.

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8 Caliper A mechanism used as an actuator to perform braking. -

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 9 Clutch disc

Clutch plate A circular plate that allows the clutch to function. -

10 Clutch facing The clutch lining surface side that is in contact with the disc face or cylinder end face to engage the clutch.

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11 Clutch lining Lining pad Friction pad

A friction material which is pressed against the drum or disc, respectively, to enhance the friction force.

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12 Coil spring clutch A kind of one way clutch, which allows the torque to transmit only in one direction by means of the rolling-in of the coil shaped spring.

13 Sprag The cocoon shaped component of the one way clutch, which allows the torque to function lead-in only one direction.

14 Wrap spring The spring which transmits and interrupts the torque, being assembled with the input

hub and output hub located on the concentric axis.

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3.3 Terms for function

No. Terms Definitions Figures 1 Anti-lock braking

system (ABS) System which automatically modulates the pressure producing the braking forces to prevent the wheel from total halting of its rotational motion.

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2 Engaging of clutch The transmission of torque between the driven and driving side by the actuation of the clutch.

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3 Engaging process An action of the transmission of torque between the driven and driving side by the actuation of the clutch from the start of its operation until its completion.

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4 Negative actuation The clutch or brake actuates when the disengagement of the operation. -

5 Positive actuation The clutch or brake actuates during the engagement of the operation. - 3.4 Terms for performances

No. Terms Definitions Figures 1 Allowable braking

energy, allowable braking work

The allowable friction energy when the braking is actuated by the friction brake. -

2 Allowable continuous heat dissipation

The allowable work rate when a continuous slipping actuated. -

3 Allowable engaging energy, allowable engaging work

The allowable friction energy when the driving and driven side are interlocked. -

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 4 Allowable normal

(surface) pressure for friction material

The normal acting force generated on the friction face of the friction material. -

5 Braking force The force generated during braking. -

6 deceleration The slowing down of the vehicle’s motion due to the braking action. -

7 Braking time The time lapsed from a brake has been actuated until the movement is stopped, or the time until the deceleration is completed.

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8 Burst test To determine the capability to withstand under normal condition or applied heat, with or without load at certain cycles or duration.

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9 Coefficient of dynamic friction

The ratio of the friction to normal acting force generating on the contact face of operating relative motion.

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10 Coefficient of static friction

The ratio of the friction to normal acting force generating on the contact face not from operating relative motion.

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11 Drag May persist after the control device has returned to the release position. -

12 Drag torque Product of the frictional force resulting from the unwanted actuation force. -

13 Dynamic friction torque

The product of the frictional force generated on the contact face of operating relative motion.

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14 Effective friction radius In a disc clutch, disc brake or the like, where a frictional force on one point at the position in radial direction.

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15 Fade The temporary degradation of braking effect due to the frictional heat or submersion of friction face.

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No. Terms Definitions Figures 16 Heat dissipation

capacity The amount of capability to dissipate heat generated due to friction work and the like. -

17 Static friction torque The product of the frictional force generated on the contact face of not from operating relative motion.

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18 Shudder, grabbing chatter

Vibrations and sounds, generated due to the reciprocal action in the system being engaged with the friction faces thereof.

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19 Slipping The unwanted relative motion on the actuation faces of clutch and brake during application.

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20 Squeal Vibratory sound generates on the friction faces. -

21 Rated torque The working limit of torque on the clutch and brake. -

22 Release time The time lapsed from the operating input for stopping the actuation until the engagement, or braking is released.

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24 Total build-up time, engaging time of clutch

The time lapsed from a clutch has been actuated until the torque transmission achieved the stationary condition.

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25 Wear rate of friction material

An index for evaluating the wear resistant performance of friction material. -

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© STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2014 - All rights reserved

Acknowledgements Members of Technical Committee on Vehicle Powertrain and Fuels Systems Assoc Prof Dr Kamarul Baharin Tawi (Chairman)

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Ms Nik Aida Azura Nik Md Salleh (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad Lt Col Ir Mohd Hazani Shafie Angkatan Tentera Malaysia Mr Mohd Shahabudin Omar Automobile Association of Malaysia Mr Mohd Huzaini Haron Expert Mr Jusri Abu Rahman Malaysian Automotive Association Mr Zaidi Md Isa PERODUA Manufacturing Sdn Bhd Mr Azhari Che Hasan Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn Bhd Mr Mohd Fairuz Izani Road Transport Department Malaysia Mr Mohd Faizar Mustafa SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd Co-opted members: Mr Tan Kim Hoe/ Mr Daniel Soo

Exedy (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd

Mr Md Zainudin Mhapob

Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sdn Bhd

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