116964017 folding bag feasibility study

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    CHAPTER I

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    CHAPTER I

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    Plant Size

    PRODUCTION SITE

    DOO

    R

    Place to put the sample bags and the office where

    wholesalers can order

    DIP!"#

    DOOR

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    Brief Description

    of the Project

    Folding Bag Co. concept is a fast and simple

    folding mechanism which

    allows the bag to be quickly folded around its base

    and secured. So it can be

    reduced to a slim, pocket sized package in just a few

    seconds. nd because

    the base is rigid, the package always

    stays neat and flat.

    Folding Bag Co. product bags differ from other

    reusable bags because

    t

    h

    e

    y

    !

    "a#e no

    awkward storage

    pouch

    Fold$away flat

    for easy storage

    "a#e a proper gusset

    and semi$rigid base

    %o not

    crumple or lose

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    shape

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    Proj

    ect

    Sum

    mar

    y

    Maret

    !easi"il

    ity

    &he o#er all marketing aspect of the business is

    suitable of the supply

    and demand but more or less capturethe markets situation.

    &he future operation will not be a problem in

    #iew of the supply and

    demand but more or less capture

    the market situation.

    'e will acquire an implement current strategies

    in the bag product to

    make sure that the business will

    remain competiti#e.

    Technical

    !easi"ilit

    y

    &echnical capabilities in the product ser#ice

    #ary widely across the

    de#eloping world. &he le#el of technology applied

    being highly dependent on

    the o#er all status of technology de#elopment

    within a particular country.

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    &he partners will be applying modern

    technology in the establishment

    of our business. &hey wi l l be us ing modern too ls

    and equipment and

    pro#iding new facilities to the

    demands of the customer.

    Mana#ement

    !easi"ility

    &he project would be managed by newly

    graduates or newbies that

    would try on conquering the world of bags using

    materials that are earth

    friendly. &o distribute econo$bags that are in s tyle

    and can be folded if not

    use. Space free, affordable and attracti#e designs

    would be introduce in the

    m

    a

    r

    k

    e

    t

    .

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    !inancial

    !easi"ilit

    y

    &he total in#estment of the project wil lamount to (hp. ),***,***

    partner+s capital. &he init ial in#estment wil l be

    used in purchasing the

    materials, machines and equipment, supplies,

    building reno#ation and other

    requirement in the operation

    of the business.

    ost of the money would be used mainly for

    production cost as stated

    abo#e. &he f inancial status is said to be stab le

    s ince the income is

    continuously increasing as the

    business progresses.

    Socio$

    Economic

    Impact

    &he project is calculated to ha#e a big

    contribution in the economy. -t

    wil l be a source of employment to brought youngpeople and old in the

    community, creating substantial income for

    indi#idual and families aside

    from pro#iding income. -t also makes the employees

    producti#e and a better

    person in

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    the

    society.

    -t will also pro#ide a formal job training and

    eperience to college

    students who requires for their course

    before they graduate.

    /astly, the project will help the go#ernment

    because of taes that will

    be pay ing tha t l ead to the de#e lopment o f

    commun i t i e s and o ther

    go#ernment ser#ice, and the main course of all,

    this bag would help the

    country to a#o id p last ic use in depar tment

    stores and smal l s tores

    nationwide. n earth$friendly bag would be

    introduce by Folding Bag Co.

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    '

    b

    e

    0

    i

    f

    c

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    (

    S

    r

    a

    "

    C

    -

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    C

    1

    S

    a

    q

    S

    &

    c

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    CHAPTER

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    CHAPTER

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    Metho,olo#

    y

    &he research is a combination of a descripti#e$

    quantitati#e design.

    &he descripti#e method is designed for the in#estigator to

    secure responses

    to questions that are factual and practices of which the

    respondents are

    presumed to ha#e

    knowledge.

    &he research is geared towards the fulfillment of a

    common goal that

    included the study habits of the respondents in relation to

    their academic

    performance. &his descripti#e design was used as the method

    of research

    since it describes the nature of a pre#ailing conditions and

    practices, and

    seeks accurate description of acti#ities, objects, persons and

    processes. &his

    method is belie#ed to be the most appropriate in securing

    e#idences about

    the present condition of a group of persons, class or e#ents

    and may in#ol#e

    conduction, analysis and measurement. &he researcher

    decided to utilize

    the descripti#e method because the study tried to find out the

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    present facts,

    concerning the present status of Folding

    Bag Co.

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    Deman,

    s electricity and other related products ha#e been an

    essential in

    e#ery Filipinos cra#ed for memories, it is consider as a prime

    commodity. -t

    if therefore safe to assumed that the demand for the function

    room is always

    at the right time. 2specially now that there are so many

    people who are

    busy with their professions and needs a right hand for

    their occasions.

    &he rising cost of electricity bill pro#ed that the demand

    continue to

    rise or

    grow.

    (rojected demand for fi#e345

    years

    --------------------------

    ----

    +EAR

    C(ST.SA/ES

    --------------------------

    ----

    6styear7*6*

    7nd

    year7*66

    8r

    d

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    year7*67

    9thyear7*68

    4thyear7*69

    ):4,7)*.**

    :9*,*99.**

    :);,*9

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    &he demand is belie#ed to increase 6*= in each year

    because ha#ing

    an increase in electricity

    bill.

    012 Supply

    01213 Supply for the past

    years

    &he projected supply for fi#e year is belie#ed to be

    the following>

    ??????????????????????????????????????

    +EAR SA/ES 4 of

    DEMA*D

    ???????????????????????????????

    ???????

    7*6*

    7*66

    7*67

    7*68

    7*69

    ):4,7)*.**

    :9*,*99.**

    :);,*9

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    ccordingly, the demand is also the supply analysis andthat there are

    increase of 6*= in e#ery supply in

    each year.

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    015 Deman, an, supply analysis6

    ,eman,.supply #ap

    ccordingly, this table tells the true history for this kind

    of business.

    &his business would def in i te ly boom for the fac t that

    there are more

    students and parents who would be more willing to own

    this kind of bag

    that is low$cost, space$less and is handy, and thus school+s who

    will require

    this kind of bag would l ike to recommend our bag because

    it is an eco$

    friendly

    bag.

    nd thus Folding Bag Co. would meet their needs fordemand and

    supply for the years to

    come.

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    Maretin#

    Strate#ies

    Pro,uct

    &he product is the name itself F@/%-A B.

    &here are

    different

    types of bag that would be made to sell these are

    the following

    (02

    0A2

    B0-"&

    0A2

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    B2A0- 0A2

    Pro,uct Cate#ory

    &he following are the product

    category.

    Bag size 410 x 330 x 110 mm 410 x 330 x 110 mm 370 x 300 x 95 mm

    Approx size when folded 110 x 85 x 25 mm 110 x 85 x 20 mm 105 x 75 x 15 mm

    Bag weight 90g 80g 50g

    ol!me "15 litres "15 litres "10#5 litres

    $a%ri& 'rgani& &otton ()lon * pol)ester mix +ipstop n)lon

    ,aterproof- (o .hower proof .hower proof

    ,ashing /nstr!&tions (ot re&ommended# !e a&hine wash on low a&hine wash on low

    to the organi& properties temperat!re temperat!re

    of o!r &otton %ags the

    fa%ri& &an shrin whenwashed een at a low

    temperat!re

    andle /nfo .hort and long handled .hort and long handled .hort handles onl)

    ersions aaila%le ersions aaila%le

    $astening method $ree fastening &otton el&ro strap 6lasti& loop

    strap

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    Paca#in#

    Folding Bag Co. prepare eco$bag and boes. -t will ha#e a

    logo of

    Folding Bag Co.

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    Pricin#

    RETAI/ERS

    SI7ES 8"acpac to

    shoul,er

    "a#9

    SMA//

    MEDI)M

    /AR'E

    PRICE

    35:1::

    %::1::

    %5:1::

    SI7ES 8shoul,er "a# to

    han,

    "a#9

    SMA//

    MEDI)M

    /AR'E

    PRICE

    ;:1::

    3%:1::

    35:1::

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    Place of

    Distri"utio

    n

    &he place of distribution would be in theni#ersity Belt. 'holesalers

    are welcome, the product could be distributed to any

    part of the country

    because of the

    wholesalers.

    Promotions an,

    A,>ertisin#

    Promotion is one of the ma$or components of the compan%

    total mar&eting

    mi'ture The proposed business establishment will be promoted not

    onl% personall% and

    (erball%) but it will also be promoted through fl%ers or brochures itsad(antage to us to

    promote our compan% because the nearb% mall also

    located in our (icinit%

    The establishment will concentrate on producing high *ualit%

    bags and pro(iding

    e'cellent ser(ices to ma&e sure that the customers will get a delightful

    from the products

    that the% would b% and from the word of mouth of patrons) there

    would be new

    customers that would li&e to tr%

    our products

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    Chapter IV

    -Technical

    Study

    4.1 Objectives

    of the study

    + To &now Si,ing and

    structuring of the shop

    + To &now the product and ser(ices

    of the business

    + To &now about the

    mar&et competition

    + To be &nowledgeable about ma$or ad(ertisement that

    would help the business

    4.2

    roduct! service

    -olding .ag Inc has a (ariet% of ser(ices to offer and

    from which to choose

    During the first two %ears) the product

    line will include/

    4.2.1 "ses

    of

    roducts

    The bags can use for shopping bag)gift bag)carrier

    bag)pac&aging bag)

    promotional

    bag)ad(ertising

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    bag)etc

    4.#

    $anufacturin%

    rocess

    re

    -Op

    erati

    ons

    This is the first stage of manufacturing process) these are

    se(eral factors to be

    considered to achie(e the minimum time effort) materials and

    wor&ers) the preparation

    ma% re*uire the

    following acti(ities

    0

    O

    r

    g

    a

    n

    i

    ,

    a

    ti

    on

    0

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    Setting up the wor&ing area

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    Setting up the wor&ing area

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    4.#.2 &lternativerocessConsidered

    &he location of the firm would be in theheart of the ni#ersity belt. -t

    will secure a working and selling place near 2#er

    all in orayta Sampaloc

    a

    n

    il

    a

    .

    H

    e

    a,

    (

    f

    f

    i

    c

    e

    &he head office would still be in the same

    place, near the 2#er all in

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    Plant Size

    PRODUCTION

    SITE

    D

    O

    O

    R

    Place to put the sample bags and the office

    where

    wholesalers canorder

    DIP!

    "#

    DOO

    R

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    &inds) this in turn leads to sa(ing of time) effort and mone%which is essential for

    the growth 5 prosperit% of

    the enterprise

    8$aiu rosperity for 3ployer 3ployees -

    6anagement ensures

    smooth and coordinated functioning of the enterprise This

    in turn helps in

    pro(iding ma'imum benefits to the emplo%ee in the shape

    of good wor&ing

    condition) suitable wage s%stem) incenti(e plans on the one

    hand and higher

    profits to the emplo%er on

    the other hand

    15uan betterent Social 6ustice -6anagement ser(es

    as a tool for the

    upliftment as well as betterment of the societ% Through

    increased producti(it% 5

    emplo%ment) management ensures better standards of li(ing

    for the societ% It

    pro(ides $ustice through its

    uniform policies

    /.2 7or of

    business o*nership

    The proponents chose to for 8iited artnership

    because all the

    individuals involved in the project are *illin% to share or

    provide not only the

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    capital reuireents but also their ability and s9ills to perfor

    the obli%ation

    assi%ned for the effective and efficient operation of the

    business. The

    proponents have a 0eneral partner and the rest are a liited

    partner. The

    0eneral ana%er *ill contribute 2/: of the capital and the other

    partners *ill

    contribute 1).'/: each *ith a

    total of 1,,:

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    The staff of this business has e*ual duties andresponsibilities in operating the

    business to pro(ide coordination The profit loss will also be

    di(ided according to the

    capital contribution of each of

    the proponents

    "s for the compan%9s liabilit% the general partner will be

    liable for debts which

    ma% e'tend be%ond his capital contribution while the limited

    partners liabilit% is onl% up

    to the e'tend of theircapital contribution

    /.#

    Cap

    itali

    (ati

    on

    The capital of Cli*ues Resto+bar would be : 6illion

    Pesos which will be

    contributed

    b% :

    partners

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    /.4 Or%ani(ational structure

    ;eneral 6anager

    Telephone operatorsProduction control super(isor ualit% Control

    "ssistant >ualit% Control

    Repairer

    Counter

    Pac&er

    ?anitor

    Securit% ;uard

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    /./ $anpo*er reuireents

    0eneral $ana%er

    responsible for directing and controlling the wor& and personnel of a business or a

    particular department with in the business

    6onitor and chec& the performance of all outlets against target) ta&e note of

    (ariances

    "ttends to staff concerns and problems) build morale and teamwor& in his@her

    department

    Responsible for maintaining good public and client image

    roduction Control Supervisor

    Chec&ing all the materials

    Chec&ing of *ualit% control products

    Chec&ing of pac&ed products

    Training new hired emplo%ees

    roduction 5ead

    Responsible in chec&ing all the raw materials

    Chec&ing of the machine operations

    ;uality Control

    Chec&ing all the materials

    Chec&ing of *ualit% control products

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    Chec&ing of pac&ed products

    &ssistant ;uality Control

    Re+chec& all the materials

    Re+chec&ing of *ualit% control products

    Re+chec&ing of pac&ed products

    ac9er

    Responsible in pac&ing finished products

    $achine Operators

    Responsible in operating the machines that ma&es the bag2

    Counter

    "fter all the chec&ing of *ualit% control) the counter is responsible in counting

    bags as it is pac&ed b% the pac&er

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    ;ualifications

    ;eneral 6anager

    6ale@-emale

    College graduate) preferabl% with a business management degree

    .etween 73 + 8: %ears of age

    Should ha(e started a career in a ser(ice + oriented industr%

    6ust be hardwor&ing and self + moti(ated

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    "ssistant >ualit% Control

    -emale) 74 %ears of age

    ;raduate of an% course

    Can wor& on fle'ible hours

    Pac&er

    6ale) between 7: + 84 %ears of age

    ;raduate in an% course

    6ust be good in handling co + wor&ers

    6achine Operators

    6ale) between 77 + 73 %ears of age

    6ust be a college graduate with an% course

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    6ale) 72 + 73 %ears of age

    ;raduate in ant 7 %ears (ocational course

    Can wor& in fle'ible hours

    Anowledge in a ser(ice industr%

    Repairer

    6ale) 72 + 73 %ears old

    "n% 7 %ears course graduate

    Can wor& in fle'ible hours

    6ust be hard wor&ing

    ?anitor

    6ale) -emale 72 + 73 %ears of age

    "t least 7 %ears college degree

    Can wor& in fle'ible hours

    6ust be hardwor&ing

    Securit% ;uard

    6ale) 7: + 8: %ears old

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    /.= Copensation

    PERSONNE! NO

    RE>UIRED

    Pro$ect Engineer 2

    Pa%roll 6anager 2

    ;eneral -oreman 2

    =ead Carpenter 2

    Carpenter 1

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    /.' Or%ani(ation olicies

    >enefits of the 3ployees

    "ll hired emplo%ees of the business are entitled to the ff benefits/

    2 28thmonth pa% for e(er% emplo%ee is entitled for the 28 thmonth pa%) which has

    e*ui(alent to of the basic salar% of an emplo%ee within a month

    7 SSS benefits a social securit% contribution will be pro(iding for the emplo%ees

    8 Phil =ealth will be pro(ided for the hospitali,ation of emplo%ees

    1 Incenti(es@bonuses + all emplo%ees with one %ear of ser(ice are entitled to an%

    %earl% bonuses

    : "nnual (acation lea(e + regular emplo%ees are entitled to annual ser(ice lea(e

    of : da%s with pa% for e(er% one %ear of ser(ice

    Sic& !ea(e + an% emplo%ees had a right to lea(e for the medicine

    3 Paternit%@6aternit% lea(e + issue for the emplo%ees needs an emergenc% lea(e

    $ana%erial >enefits

    The managers are also entitled to benefits and pri(ileges en(ironmental to

    emplo%ees plus the following/

    2 Salar% increase depending on the state of the business e(er% %ear

    7 The% will pro(ide 24F discount on all food item

    8 The% will be gi(en a (acation) sic& or emergenc% lea(e

    1 Paternit%@maternit% lea(e will also pro(ided

    : 28thmonth pa%) SSS benefits) Phil =ealth) Pag + ibig benefits will be gi(en

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    /.) 8e%al reuireents

    In starting the operation of the business) the owners should complete the

    necessar% documents and re*uirements needed for the legali,ationG this stage of

    business is organi,ed in a formal manner) which re*uires registration in (arious

    egulating go(ernment agencies

    .efore a partnership can operate legall%) it must first to compl% with certain le(el

    egistration that are summari,ed as follows/

    Place of Registration

    2 Securit% and E'change Commission HSEC

    7 Department of Trade and Industr% HDTI

    8 Cit% of 6unicipal =all Permit H6a%or9s Permit

    1 .ureau of Internal Re(enue

    : Social Securit% S%stem

    Other "gencies as ma% be re*uired

    In building business there are certain re*uirements to ma&e specific business

    legal If the following cannot be obtained the operation will not function well

    .IR 247 DTI application

    .usiness Permit -or emplo%ees/ SSS)Phil=ealth)Pag+ ibig

    .aranga% Clearance Declaration of real propert% ta'

    -ire Inspection Certificate SEC

    .uilding Permit

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    Chapter VI - 7inancial Study

    =.1 Objectives of the study

    The financial stud% is important because it is tas&ed to find out whether the business

    (entured will be profitable e(en in the place of competition and unfa(orable conditions

    The stud% will also show in detail the upward mo(ement of the (entures finances a

    period The financial stud% after underta&en) is best presented b% showing the

    statements and schedules of the profits that are presented b% showing the statements

    and schedules of the profits that are intended to be reali,ed It must also show the

    sources and &ind of financing and the wa%s in which to repa% what it owed The stud%

    will also reflect other financial information and data) which are needed in order for the

    business (enture to succeed The financial stud% has se(eral parts) initiall%G there is the

    portion which status assumptions These are (er% important for these assumptions

    become the bases for the estimates

    To come up with a good assumptions) one must loo& into business practices that

    are currentl% followed in the same industr% as the proposed business "lso pre(ious

    easibilit% studies) made in similar (entures as the one proposed might pro(e helpful

    "nother important source of information for assumptions are go(ernment

    egulations and policies) industr% profiles) conferences) business plan) and articles from

    business associations ma% help

    The ne't portion of the financial stud% is which discusses the total cost of the

    pro$ect " compan% will need assets The ne't part of the stud% list down the sources

    rom where mone% can be borrowed on ac*uire The list includes sources from where

    ong and short term loans can be ac*uired

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    =.2 Total project cost - all ites considered consuption ade

    O?"CTIO@ COST

    7IA3? C&IT&8

    6achiner% and e*uipment 2)3:):B44

    Utilities :B:)344

    Total 7)8B2)17B44

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    =.# Initial capital reuireents - all ites considered

    The proposed business)-olding .ag Incis a ;eneral Partnership which means

    hat there are three or more owners of this business "nd that the in(estment cost of

    he business are sub di(ided into the owners capital) which total of/

    /,,,,,,.,,

    .4 Sources of financin%

    =.4.1 Sources selected or proposed for both lon%-ter

    and short-ter financin%

    =.4.2 &lternative sources

    =.4.# &ount and ters of financin%

    The proponents of the pro$ect will not see& help from financing or ban& loan) but

    rom their own sa(ings and with the help of their parents -rom this the compan% wont

    need to rush up their sales $ust to pa% for their financial loan

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    =.4.4 rojected balance sheet

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    =./ 7inancial stateents

    =./.1 &ssuptions

    1. $iscellaneous epenses increase #: annually.

    2. erit and license increases /: annually.

    #. &dvertisin% epense increase 2: annually.

    4. urchases increase /: annually.

    /. Salaries and *a%es increase #: annually.

    =. Office supplies increase #: annually.

    '. "tility epenses increase #: annually.

    ). epair and aintenance increase /: annually.

    +. ?epreciation epense coputed on a strai%ht line ethod.

    1,. Sales increase /: =: ': ): and +: on succeedin% years.

    11. 1#thonth pay increase #: annually.

    12. Value added taes 12:.

    1#. Incoe ta payable #/: on the @et Incoe before ta.

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    :7 Pro$ected income

    7oldin% >a% Inc

    Incoe stateent

    7or ?eceber #1 2,11

    S&83S B:)7B444!ESS COST O-S"!ES

    STOCAS 3B)844

    !".OR COST B4)44444TOT"! COST O-S"!ES 2:B)844

    0OSS O7IT 2)4:8)244

    less /operating e'pense

    electricit% 5 water 24)44444

    rent e'pense 4)44444

    ta'es 5 licenses 21)14444

    selling e'pense B)44444

    repairs 5 maintenance :B)44444

    miscellaneous 4)44444

    comp ad(ertisement 24)44444

    contingencies B:)4B444

    depreciation 1:)78844TOT"! OPER"TIN;EJPENSE B3B)32844

    income from operation 231)74844

    !ESS/ interest e'pense 78)4B44

    TOT"! 2:2)22344

    NET INCO6E 2:2)22344

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    =./.# Capital cashflo* stateents

    2,11 2,12 2,1#

    2,14 2,1/

    C

    &

    S

    5

    I

    @

    7

    8

    O

    rea9-evenpoint analysis

    .rea&+e(en calculations assume a 7:F to 84F gross

    margin This is a

    conser(ati(e estimate) and it will be impro(ed as strategic

    relationships de(elop and the

    benefits of -olding .ag Inc offerings are

    reali,ed b% customers

    >rea9-even&nalysis

    .rea&+

    e(en

    "nal%sis/

    6onthl% Units

    .rea&+e(en

    6onthl% Re(enue

    .rea&+e(en

    "ss

    um

    ptio

    n

    s

    /

    "

    (

    e

    ra

    g

    e

    P

    e

    r

    +

    U

    n

    it

    R

    e

    (

    e

    n

    u

    e

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    "(erage Per+Unit

    Lariable Cost

    Estimated 6onthl%

    -i'ed Cost

    :

    )4

    44

    4

    4

    P:

    )44

    44

    4

    P74444

    P

    7

    4

    4

    4

    4

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    =././.# Capital recovery andearnin%s

    Sho*in% the cash payoff

    period

    The pro$ect met the income re*uirements of 73F Hcost of capital

    since the total

    computer NPL is greater than the total pro$ect cost The total

    pro$ect cost is

    811)844 and the computer

    NPL is

    #ear "nnual cash flow 73F net present

    (alue P=P

    744 33)B 434314

    ::)2:1

    7443 273)134 47444

    3)482

    744B 2)83: 41BB2

    :)BB

    744 7B28:: 48B114

    24B)2:7

    7424 8B1)42B 4847B

    22)781

    NPL K 1:1)18 +

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    23)B42

    K7:

    )8

    B

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    aybac9period

    The in(estment will be reco(ered within 2 %ear and nine month This

    means that

    the pro$ect is feasible because the capital will be reco(ered in less

    than 7 %ears

    #ear

    7422

    74277428

    7421

    742:

    Net cash flow

    33)B

    273)134

    2)83:

    7B28::

    8B1)42B

    total pro$ect cost

    reco(ered

    first %earto be reco(ered

    first %ear

    to be reco(ered

    23)B42

    +33)B

    22)B88

    8:

    +273)13444

    81

    22)B88

    81 K34B da%s

    pa%bac& period K 2 %ear 22 monthsand 3 da%s

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    ate ofreturn

    The computation shows an a(erage of 8:F which means that the

    business is

    ma'imi,ing its assets throughout the

    operation

    ROI + Net Income@ Total

    "ssets

    #E"R NET INCO6E "SSETS

    ROI

    7422 3)38: 7:8)77B

    8484F

    7427 27)783 88B)B:2

    837:F

    7428 2:)217 1:)7:3

    814F

    7421 7B4)277 38)4:B

    8BBF

    742: 8B7)3B: 2)27B)2::

    888F

    #

    /

    .

    '

    +

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    :

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    Chapter VII - Socio-

    3conoic

    '.1 Contribution to the hilippine

    econoy

    "s we start the business) there will be a benefit to the

    go(ernment

    or 6unicipal and national go(ernment "nd as of this

    da%s more

    business owners@establishment gi(es more ta'es) showing to

    increase the

    re(enues of the go(ernment So that re(enues can be

    used in the

    de(elopment of the communit% "ll these ta'es are

    enforced b% the

    go(ernment to e(er% business owners@establishment The

    pro$ect will help

    us increase the business and tooutgrow it

    '.2 3ployent

    %eneration

    This can pro(ide $obs so s&illed and uns&illed person and

    this is a great

    benefit in the societ% "s for the coun tr% suffereda crisis of

    unemplo%ment and the business can help the go(ernment in

    decreasing

    the unemplo%ment rate in the

    countr%

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    '.# Social

    desirability

    -olding .ag Inc business also pla%s a big role in the

    societ%) because

    this business pro(ide good *ualit% of ser(ices and rec%cled

    bags that the

    customers need) sell this is a reasonable price and suppl%

    needs of the

    p

    e

    op

    l

    e